OBJECTIVE@#Anemoside B4 (AB4), the most abundant triterpenoidal saponin isolated from Pulsatilla chinensis, inhibited influenza virus FM1 or Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia. However, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of AB4 has not been unraveled. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the antiviral activity and potential mechanism of AB4 in inhibiting human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in vivo and in vitro.@*METHODS@#The cytotoxicity of AB4 was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. SARS-CoV-2 infected HEK293T, HPAEpiC, and Vero E6 cells were used for in vitro assays. The antiviral effect of AB4 in vivo was evaluated by SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE2-IRES-luc transgenic mouse model. Furthermore, label-free quantitative proteomics and bioinformatic analysis were performed to explore the potential antiviral mechanism of action of AB4. Type I IFN signaling-associated proteins were assessed using Western blotting or immumohistochemical staining.@*RESULTS@#The data showed that AB4 reduced the propagation of SARS-CoV-2 along with the decreased Nucleocapsid protein (N), Spike protein (S), and 3C-like protease (3CLpro) in HEK293T cells. In vivo antiviral activity data revealed that AB4 inhibited viral replication and relieved pneumonia in a SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse model. We further disclosed that the antiviral activity of AB4 was associated with the enhanced interferon (IFN)-β response via the activation of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-1) like receptor (RLP) pathways. Additionally, label-free quantitative proteomic analyses discovered that 17 proteins were significantly altered by AB4 in the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections cells. These proteins mainly clustered in RNA metabolism.@*CONCLUSION@#Our results indicated that AB4 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication through the RLR pathways and moderated the RNA metabolism, suggesting that it would be a potential lead compound for the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
The X-ray energy spectrum is crucial for image quality and dosage assessment in mammography, radiography, fluoroscopy, and CT which are frequently used for the diagnosis of many diseases including but not limited to patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. X-ray tubes have an electron filament (cathode), a tungsten/rubidium target (anode) oriented at an angle, and a metal filter (aluminum, beryllium, etc.) that may be placed in front of an exit window. When cathode electrons meet the anode, they generate X-rays with varied energies, creating a spectrum from zero to the electrons' greatest energy. In general, the energy spectrum of X-rays depends on the electron beam's energy (tube voltage), target angle, material, filter thickness, etc. Thus, each imaging system's X-ray energy spectrum is unique to its tubes. The primary goal of the current study is to develop a clever method for quickly estimating the X-ray energy spectrum for a variety of tube voltages, filter materials, and filter thickness using a small number of unique spectra. In this investigation, two distinct filters made of beryllium and aluminum with thicknesses of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6, and 2 mm were employed to obtain certain limited X-ray spectra for tube voltages of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100, 130, and 150 kV. The three inputs of 150 Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) neural networks were tube voltage, filter type, and filter thickness to forecast the X-ray spectra point by point. After training, the MLP neural networks could predict the X-ray spectra for tubes with voltages between 20 and 150 kV and two distinct filters made of aluminum and beryllium with thicknesses between 0 and 2 mm. The presented methodology can be used as a suitable, fast, accurate and reliable alternative method for predicting X-ray spectrum in medical applications. Although a technique was put out in this work for a particular system that was the subject of Monte Carlo simulations, it may be applied to any genuine system.
Aluminum , Beryllium , Humans , X-Rays , Radiography , Neural Networks, Computer , Monte Carlo Method
In digital subtraction angiography (digital subtraction total cerebral angiography), cardiac and macrovascular cardiography, anorectal radiology, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography (CT), a prior knowledge to X-ray energy spectrum is crucial for assessing the image quality and also calculating patient X-ray dosage. The present investigation's main objective is to propose an intelligent technique for faster calculating X-ray energy spectrum of medical imaging systems with different exposure settings of tube voltage, filter material, and thickness based on limited specific spectra. In this study, Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) simulation code was initially used to generate some limited X-ray spectra for tube voltages of 20, 30, 40, 50, 80, 100, 130, and 150 kV for two different filters of beryllium and aluminum with thicknesses of 0. 4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 and 2 mm. Tube voltage, type, and thickness of filter were used as the 3 inputs of 150 Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) to forecast point by point of the X-ray spectrum. After training, the RBFNNs could forecast most of the X-ray spectra for tube voltages in the range of 20-150 kV and two various filters of aluminum and beryllium with thicknesses in the range of 0-2 mm.
Aluminum , Beryllium , Humans , X-Rays , Radiography , Neural Networks, Computer , Phantoms, Imaging , Radiation Dosage , Monte Carlo Method
Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics of pancreatic solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (pSPN).Methods:From March 2007 to August 2022, at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the clinical data and follow-up results of 253 patients with pSPN and underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnostic accuracy of preoperative ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and puncture biopsy of aspiration were compared and analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to calculate disease-free survival rate. The gender differences in the clinical and pathological features of pSPN were compared. According to whether recurrence and metastasis occurred after the primary operation, the patients with pSPN were divided into recurrence and metastasis group ( n=3) and disease-free survival group ( n=250). Univariate analysis was used to analyze whether gender, age, married status, with clinical symptoms, history of alcohol drinking or smoking, puncture biopsy of aspiration before operation, location and maximum diameter of tumor, surgical method (open surgery, minimally invasive surgery), type of surgery (parenchymal preservation surgery, conventional surgery), and pathological features (cellular atypia, invasion of adjacent organs, lymphovascular invasion, peripancreatic fat invasion, perineural invasion, capsular invasion and pancreatic parenchyma invasion) were predictive factors of recurrence and metastasis of pSPN. Two independent sample t test, chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Among 253 patients with pSPN, 49 (19.4%) were males and 204 (80.6%) were females. The diagnostic accuracy of MRI and CT were both higher than that of ultrasound (73.4%(124/169), 64.0%(146/228) vs. 33.3%(78/234)), and the diagnostic accuracy of MRI was higher than that of CT, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=62.93, 43.58 and 3.89, P<0.001, <0.001 and =0.049). The diagnostic accuracy of puncture biopsy of aspiration combined with immunochemistry was higher than that without combined immunochemistry (100.0%(23/23) vs. 8/13), and the difference was statistically significant (Fisher′s exact test, P=0.003). Eight cases missed during follow-up, and all the other 245 patients survived with the 5- year and 10-year disease-free survival rates of 99.2% and 97.2%, respectively. Male pSPN patients were older than female patients at diagnosis ((40.0±13.2) years old vs. (32.6±11.9) years old) and the maximum diameter of tumor was smaller than that of female patients ((3.88±2.05) cm vs. (4.87±3.05) cm), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=3.83 and -2.15, P<0.001 and =0.032). The results of univariate analysis showed that lymphovascular invasion was significantly correlated with pSPN recurrence and metastasis (Fisher′s exact test, P=0.012), and the other factors were not correlated with pSPN recurrence and metastasis (all P>0.05). Conclusions:CT, MRI and puncture biopsy of aspiration are comparatively reliable diagnostic method for pSPN before operation. There are significant differences in pSPN tumor growth and age of onset between genders. The postoperative recurrent rate of pSPN is low and the prognosis is good. Even if recurrence and metastasis occur, the patients can still survive for a long time after surgical treatment.
Objective:To investigate the consistency between the iodine-unstained area and the pathological size of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) specimens of superficial esophageal cancer.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on data of 32 patients with superficial esophageal cancer who accepted ESD from May 2019 to April 2020 in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The maximum transverse diameter and maximum longitudinal diameter of the iodine-unstained area were compared with the tumor pathological area. A size difference no more than 0.5 cm was considered as conformity, any difference between 0.5 and 1.0 cm was considered as non-conformity, and any difference no less than 1.0 cm was considered as serious non-conformity. At the same time, pink sign after spraying Lugo solution and the consistency of pink sign area with the iodine free area were observed.Results:A total of 32 patients with 33 lesions were enrolled in this study, including 23 males and 9 females and the age of the patients was 59.5±7.3 years. There were 19 (57.6%) lesions whose size of iodine-unstained area was consistent with the tumor pathological area. These 19 lesions were all positive for the pink sign, and the pink sign area overlapped with the iodine-unstained area. In addition, 4 (12.1%) iodine-unstained areas of the lesions did not match the size of the pathological area, and 10 (30.3%) iodine-unstained areas of the lesions were seriously inconsistent with the size of the pathological area. These 14 (42.4%) lesions were all positive for pink sign, and the pink sign area was significantly smaller than the iodine-unstained area. Among the 14 discordant lesions, 2 lesions underwent ESD according to the iodine-unstained area, which resulted in excessive resection and postoperative stenosis.Conclusion:Determining the extent of superficial esophageal cancer by iodine-unstained areas before ESD may lead to excessive resection of the lesions, which is related to the fact that the iodine-unstained areas of the lesions are sometimes significantly larger than the pink sign areas. Therefore, in order to achieve precise treatment, endoscopists can choose the iodine-unstained area with positive pink sign as the first choice for resection.
Objective:To screen the key exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) molecules that cause nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to develop chemoradiotherapy resistance.Methods:In vitro, a model of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells was constructed, and the continuous shock method of high-dose concurrent chemoradiotherapy was used to induce the establishment of chemoradiotherapy-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines, and its resistance formation was verified. Exosomes produced by chemoradiotherapy-resistant cell lines and respective mother cell lines for nasopharyngeal carcinoma were extracted and identified. Finally, biochip technology was used to detect the differential expression levels of exosomal lncRNAs. Results:After 10 repeated treatments of concurrent chemoradiotherapy, CNE-1 CRR and CNE-2 CRR were successfully obtained. Compared with the mother cell lines, CNE-1 CRR and CNE-2 CRR had a tendency to transform from epithelial to interstitial morphology, and the number of cell clones was higher, and the values of average lethal dose (D 0), quasi-threshould dose (D q), survival fraction after 2 Gy irradiation (SF 2) and cell survival rate were higher. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells were detected by PCR chip of exosomal lncRNAs. Compared with their respective mother cell lines, 18 lncRNAs in CNE-1 CRR exosomes were significantly up-regulated and 31 lncRNAs were significantly down-regulated, and 15 lncRNAs were significantly up-regulated and 38 lncRNAs were significantly down-regulated in CNE-2 CRR exosomes. CNE-1 CRR also had similar expression profiles to CNE-2 CRR. Conclusion:There are significantly up-regulated and down-regulated lncRNAs in the exosomes of CNE-1 CRR and CNE-2 CRR.
Cereblon (CRBN), a substrate receptor of cullin 4-RING E3 ligase (CRL4) regulates the ubiquitination and degradation of c-Jun, mediating the lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular response. However, the upstream signaling pathway that regulates this process is unknown. In this study, we describe how endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress reversely regulates sequestosome-1 (p62)and c-Jun protein levels. Furthermore, our study reveals that expression of p62 attenuates c-Jun protein levels through the ubiquitinproteasome system. Conversely, siRNA knockdown of p62 elevates c-Jun protein levels. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments demonstrate that p62 interacts with c-Jun and CRBN to form a ternary protein complex. Moreover, we find that CRBN knockdown completely abolishes the inhibitory effect of p62 on c-Jun. Using brefeldin A as an inducer of ER stress, we demonstrate that the p62/c-Jun axis participates in the regulation of ER stress-induced apoptosis, and that CRBN is required for this regulation. In summary, we have identified an upstream signaling pathway, which regulates p62-mediated c-Jun degradation. Our findings elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism by which p62/c-Jun axis regulates the ER stress-induced apoptosis, and provide a new molecular connection between ER stress and apoptosis.
Autophagy is a highly conservative cellular self-protective behavior dependent on lysosomes, and can be used as an important factor in promoting or preventing cancer, and its effect is related to the type and development of tumors. A full understanding of autophagy pathway is helpful to improve the diagnosis and treatment of tumors. Studies have shown that autophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of oral tumors. Autophagy-related genes and signal pathways play a dual regulatory role on oral tumors. This article reviews the latest progress in the regulatory mechanism and therapeutic effect of autophagy on oral tumors.
Knowledge of the dynamic immunological characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is essential for clinicians to understand the progression of the disease. Our data showed that the immune system and function gradually remodeled and declined with age, starting from age 16 until age 91 in 25,239 healthy controls. An analysis of the relationship between the number of lymphocytes and age revealed that the lymphocyte and subset counts tended to decline with age significantly. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific immunity declined with age and was associated with survival time in fatal cases. Loss in the expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity could be expanded in vitro. The concurrent decline in SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunities and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 exposure predicted fatal outcomes. Our findings provide a basis for further analysis of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity and understanding of the pathogenesis of fatal COVID-19 cases. O_LSTHighlightsC_LSTO_LIThe immune system and function gradually remodeled and declined with age. C_LIO_LISARS-CoV-2-specific immunity declined with age in fatal cases. C_LIO_LISARS-CoV-2-specific immunity was associated with survival time in fatal cases. C_LIO_LILoss in the expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity could be expanded in vitro. C_LIO_LIA concurrent decline in SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunities and prolonged SARS-CoV-2 exposure predicted fatal outcomes. C_LI
Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) for duodenal accessory papilla.Methods:Data of 122 cases of duodenal accessory papilla diagnosed by EUS at the endoscopy center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from February 28, 2006 to February 28, 2018 were analyzed and summarized.Results:Of the 122 duodenal accessory papilla cases, the age was 52.1±12.9, with more males than females. The most common site of duodenal accessory papillae was the descending part above the papilla (88/122, 72.13%), followed by the junction of duodenal bulb and descending part (29/122, 23.77%), and a small proportion of lesions located in the duodenal bulb (5/122, 4.10%). Duodenal accessory papillae were all solitary, whose diameter mostly ranged 0.5-1.0 cm (88/122, 72.13%), a smaller proportion of diameter larger than 1.0 cm (23/122, 18.85%), and only a few with diameter less than 0.5 cm (11/122, 9.02%). Most duodenal accessory papillae were hypoechoic (71/122, 58.20%) or moderate to low echogenic (35/122, 28.68%), and the echoes were mostly homogeneous. The mucosa layer was smooth, with a sphincteroid structure in the submucosa and below. The boundary of the duodenal accessory papillae was mostly clear (121/122, 99.18%) and characteristic lacunar cavity structures were often seen in the center (83/122, 68.03%). The surrounding intestinal wall was normal and no associated enlarged lymph nodes were found around the intestine.Conclusion:EUS can clearly show the structure of duodenal accessory papilla and adjacent organs, and is of high value for the diagnosis of duodenal accessory papilla.
PURPOSE: Preoperative short-course radiotherapy (PSRT) and preoperative long-course radiotherapy (PLRT) are standard treatment regimens for locally advanced rectal cancer. However, whether the efficacy and safety of PSRT with delayed surgery (more than 4 weeks) are superior to those of PLRT remains unresolved and was explored in this meta-analysis. METHODS: Studies published in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched. RevMan 5.3 was used to calculate pooled hazard ratios (HR) and relative risk (RR). RESULTS: Seven studies including 4973 patients were identified in the meta-analysis. Pooled statistics showed that there was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (HR = 1.30, 95% CI 0.58-2.89, P = 0.52) or disease-free survival (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 0.73-1.66, P = 0.64) between the preoperative short-course and long-course radiotherapy groups. Moreover, pathological complete remission, early postoperative complications, treatment-related grade 3/4 toxicity, local recurrence, and distant metastasis were similar between the two groups. Interestingly, a subgroup analysis revealed that preoperative short-course radiotherapy without adjuvant chemotherapy not only resulted in lower treatment-related grade 3/4 toxicity than the long-course radiotherapy group (RR = 0.19, 95% CI 0.08-0.48, P < 0.01) but also resulted in significantly lower overall survival and pathological complete remission (P = 0.02, P < 0.01, respectively). Disappointingly, pooled statistics observed few advantages over long-course radiotherapy in short-course radiotherapy with the adjuvant chemotherapy subgroup. CONCLUSIONS: PSRT with delayed surgery was as effective as PLRT for the management of locally resectable rectal cancer. However, not adding additional chemotherapy to PSRT not only significantly decreased grade 3/4 toxicity but also decreased pathological complete remission and overall survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The protocol for this meta-analysis was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019133641).
Digestive System Surgical Procedures , Dose Fractionation, Radiation , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Rectal Neoplasms/therapy , Time-to-Treatment , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/adverse effects , Digestive System Surgical Procedures/mortality , Disease-Free Survival , Humans , Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects , Neoadjuvant Therapy/mortality , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Rectal Neoplasms/mortality , Rectal Neoplasms/pathology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Time Factors
BACKGROUND: Probiotics is a prevalence therapeutic method for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but there is lack of comparison in different protocols. We aim to differentiate the reasonable protocols by assessing the efficacy and safety through the combined way of traditional and network meta-analysis. METHOD: PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases were searched from January 2006 to April 2019. The relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to combine dichotomous data of responders. RESULT: Among 14 studies included 1695 patients were identified as suitable for inclusion. The proportion of responders was associated with the administration of multispecies probiotics (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.19-1.61) and the dose of 10â¼10 (RR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.59-2.71). In network meta-analysis, the protocol of DUO had a significant effect for diarrhea type of IBS compared with placebo (RR: 7.46; 95% CI: 2.00-32.23). In the rest of 4 protocols, no significant difference was found in each other except F19 which appears inferior when compared with Pro (RR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03-0.88). Meanwhile, Pro showed a superior effect for undifferentiated-type IBS compared with placebo (RR: 7.16; 95% CI: 1.72-29.89). No probiotics-associated severe adverse event was reported in included studies. CONCLUSION: Probiotics is a safety choice to improve the overall symptoms for IBS patient. The protocols with suitable dose combined of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium can have prepotent effects compared with single species or over-dosage protocols. Network meta-analysis shows that DUO may be the first recommendation for diarrhea-type IBS. In the remaining 4 regimes of this study, Pro has a high rank for undifferentiated-type IBS.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome/therapy , Probiotics/therapeutic use , Bifidobacterium/drug effects , Humans , Lactobacillus/drug effects , Network Meta-Analysis , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Objective@#To screen and identify serum protein biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between ischemic colitis (IC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) by tandem mass tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).@*Methods@#From January 2018 to January 2019, at the First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University, patients with UC or IC, and health controls, each 10 cases, were enrolled into UC group, IC group and normal control (NC) group, respectively. Fasting serum samples of all the subjects were collected. After removal of high-abundance protein, followed by proteolysis, peptide labeling and fractionating, the samples were then processed by mass spectrometry. The protein with TMT data of three groups was obtained and protein with TMT value 0 were removed. Heat map of protein was constructed. The differential protein was defined as the protein fold change over 1.5 or less than 0.67. The Reactome database was used to cluster the pathways of differential proteins among groups. Statistical methods included t test, hypergeometry test and corrected by BH multiple test.@*Results@#A total of 357 serum proteins were identified by proteomic profiling. There were 27 differential proteins between the IC group and the NC group, including six up-regulated proteins and 21 down-regulated proteins. There were 228 differential proteins between the UC group and the NC group, including 75 up-regulated proteins and 153 down-regulated proteins. There were 49 differential proteins between UC group and IC group, including 22 up-regulated proteins and 27 down-regulated proteins. In the comparison of differential proteins between the NC group, IC group and UC group, only the expression of fibrin 3 was statistically significant (the fold change between UC and NC, between UC and IC, between IC and NC were 0.24, 0.46 and 0.53, respectively; t=-5.089, -7.298 and -3.919, all P<0.01). The results of pathway cluster analysis showed that in the comparison of differential proteins between IC group and NC group, only the platelet degranulation pathway was enriched, and 10 proteins were involved in this pathway (P<0.01). In the comparison of differential proteins between UC group and NC group, there were 58 pathways enriched, of which 38 proteins were involved in the platelet degranulation pathway, 16 proteins were involved in the initial complement trigger pathway, 13 proteins were involved in the complement cascade pathway, and 11 proteins were involved in antibody-mediated complement activation pathway (all P<0.01). In the comparison of differential proteins between UC group and IC group, three different pathways were obtained. Among them, nine proteins were involved in the platelet degranulation pathway, seven proteins were involved in the initial complement trigger pathway, and five proteins were involved in the complement cascade pathway (all P<0.01).@*Conclusions@#The difference in serum proteome between IC patients and UC patients was significant, and the differential proteins are mainly involved in platelet activation and complement activation. The candidate proteins identified in this study may be used as biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of UC and IC in the future.
Objective To screen and identify serum protein biomarkers for the differential diagnosis between ischemic colitis (IC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) by tandem mass tag (TMT) combined with liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).Methods From January 2018 to January 2019,at the First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine of Zhejiang University,patients with UC or IC,and health controls,each l0 cases,were enrolled into UC group,IC group and normal control (NC) group,respectively.Fasting serum samples of all the subjects were collected.After removal of high-abundance protein,followed by proteolysis,peptide labeling and fractionating,the samples were then processed by mass spectrometry.The protein with TMT data of three groups was obtained and protein with TMT value 0 were removed.Heat map of protein was constructed.The differential protein was defined as the protein fold change over 1.5 or less than 0.67.The Reactome database was used to cluster the pathways of differential proteins among groups.Statistical methods included t test,hypergeometry test and corrected by BH multiple test.Results A total of 357 serum proteins were identified by proteomic profiling.There were 27 differential proteins between the IC group and the NC group,including six up-regulated proteins and 21 down-regulated proteins.There were 228 differential proteins between the UC group and the NC group,including 75 up-regulated proteins and 153 down-regulated proteins.There were 49 differential proteins between UC group and IC group,including 22 up-regulated proteins and 27 down-regulated proteins.In the comparison of differential proteins between the NC group,IC group and UC group,only the expression of fibrin 3 was statistically significant (the fold change between UC and NC,between UC and IC,between IC and NC were 0.24,0.46 and 0.53,respectively;t =-5.089,-7.298 and -3.919,all P ＜ 0.01).The results of pathway cluster analysis showed that in the comparison of differential proteins between IC group and NC group,only the platelet degranulation pathway was enriched,and 10 proteins were involved in this pathway (P ＜ 0.01).In the comparison of differential proteins between UC group and NC group,there were 58 pathways enriched,of which 38 proteins were involved in the platelet degranulation pathway,16 proteins were involved in the initial complement trigger pathway,13 proteins were involved in the complement cascade pathway,and 11 proteins were involved in antibody-mediated complement activation pathway (all P ＜ 0.01).In the comparison of differential proteins between UC group and IC group,three different pathways were obtained.Among them,nine proteins were involved in the platelet degranulation pathway,seven proteins were involved in the initial complement trigger pathway,and five proteins were involved in the complement cascade pathway (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The difference in serum proteome between IC patients and UC patients was significant,and the differential proteins are mainly involved in platelet activation and complement activation.The candidate proteins identified in this study may be used as biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of UC and IC in the future.
Oral cancer is not only a serious threat to human health and life but also its incidence rate has been increasing year by year. Oral cancer animal model is indispensable for the research of clinical diagnosis and treatment of oral cancer. Therefore, it is of great importance to establish an animal model of disease which is similar to the natural occurrence of human oral cancer and to study its pathogenesis, prevention and treatment. At present, animal models of oral cancer mainly include spontaneous animal model, induced animal model and genetically modified animal model. The research progress, current problems and the future development perspectives of animal models of oral cancer in recent years are summarized in this paper.
Objective To set up a computer-assisted polyp detection system under colonoscopy,and to preliminarily verify its effectiveness.Methods Based on Faster R-CNN algorithm and the open source implementation of the open source framework tensorflow and Faster R-CNN,a computer-assisted polyp detection system under colonoscopy was constructed.According to the size and difficulty of the training set,five test groups were set up:test group one,two,three and four contained 1 000,2 000,4 000 and 6 000 training samples,respectively.Test group five increased the probability of selecting the difficult samples based on 6 000 training samples.In different training sets,the sensitivity,specificity,other classification evaluation parameters,and the evaluation parameters of target detection such as recall and precision of this polyps detection system were calculated.Results Classification evaluation parameters showed that the sensitivities of test group one,two,three,four and five were 90.1％,93.3％,93.3％,93.3 ％ and 93.5 ％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =25.324,P＜0.01).The sensitivities of test group two,three,four and five were all higher than that of test group one,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =13.964,13.508,13.508 and 13.386,all P＜ 0.006 25).There were no significant differences in specificity and positive predictive value among test groups (both P＞0.05).The negative predictive values of test group one,two,three,four and five were 90.4％,93.3％,93.3％,93.3％ and 93.5％,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =21.862,P＜0.01).The negative predictive values of test group two,three,four and five were higher than that of test group one,and the differences were statistically significant (x2=11.447,11.564,11.755,13.760;all P＜0.006 25).As the training sample size increased from 1 000 to 2 000,the area under curve (AUC) increased by 2％,and further increased the sample size to 6 000,AUC increased by less than 1 ％.At this point maintaining the same sample size while increasing the proportion of difficult samples,AUC increased by 0.4％.The results of evaluation parameters of target detection showed that the recall rate of each test group was 73.6％,79.8％,79.5％,79.8％ and 83.3％,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =71.936,P＜0.01).Among them,the recall rates of test group two,three and four were higher than that of test group one,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =25.960,23.492 and 25.960,all P＜0.006 25),and the recall rate of test group five was higher than those of test group one,two,three and four,and the differences were statistically significant (x2=67.361,9.899,11.527 and 9.899;all P＜0.006 25).In addition,the precision rates of test group one,two,three,four and five were 87.9％,85.3％,90.2％,91.4％ and 89.2％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (x2=48.194,P＜0.01).The precision rates of test group three and five were higher than that of test group two,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =24.508 and 15.223,both P＜0.006 25),and the precision rate of test group four was higher than those of test group one and two,and the differences were statistically significant (x2=13.524 and 39.120,both P＜0.006 25).As samples size and training difficulty increased,the values of F1-score and mean average precision increased steadily.Conclusions This study initially constructed a computer-assisted polyp detection system under colonoscopy.Currently the maximum sensitivity reached 93.5％,and the maximum recall rate reached 83.3％.Increasing the training set size may improve the polyp detection result to a certain degree,however it will reach a bottleneck.At this time,increasing the training difficulty can further improve the detection scores,especially the recall rate.
Objective To analyze the correlation between serum leptin and osteoprotegerin with IL-6 and TNF-α in the pa-tients with gout arthritis osteoporosis .Methods Forty-eight cases of gout arthritis were selected as the research subjects (GA group) ,including 19 cases of complicating osteoporosis(OP group) and 29 cases of non-complicating osteoporosis(non-OP group) . Other 45 individuals undergoing healthy physical examination were selected as the control group .The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray BMD absorptionmetry instrument and the levels of serum LEP ,OPG ,IL-6 and TNF-αwere de-tected by ELISA .Results The incidence rate of osteoporosis in the GA group was significantly higher than that in the control group (39 .6% vs .13 .3% ,P=0 .004) ,and BMD in various sites was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0 .05) . The serum LEP level in the OP group was significantly increased compared with that in the non-OP group and control group(P<0 .05) ,and the OPG level was significantly decreased ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The serum LEP level in the non-OP group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0 .05) ,but the OPG level had no statistical difference between non-OP group and control group(P>0 .05) .The serum IL-6 and TNF-αlevels in the OP group were significantly higher than those in the non-OP group and control group(P<0 .05) ,and the non-OP group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0 .05) .The serum LEP level in the OP group was positively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0 .05) ,and the serum OPG level was negatively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The serum LEP and OPG levels have abnormal change in the patients with gout arthritis osteoporosis ,which has a certain correlation with IL-6 and TNF-α.
Proteolytic cleavage is one of the post-translational modifications and plays important roles in many biological processes, such as apoptosis and tumor cell metastasis. The identification of the cleavage events can improve our understanding of their biological functions in these processes. Although proteomic approaches using N-terminal labeling have resulted in the discovery of many proteolytic cleavages, this strategy has its own inherent drawbacks. Labeling of protein C-termini is an alternative approach. Here, we optimized the labeling procedure in the profiling protein C-termini by enzymatic labeling (ProC-TEL) and improved the labeling efficiency for the positive isolation of protein C-terminal peptides and mass spectrometric identification. We applied this approach to a complex protein mixture from Escherichia coli and identified many C-terminal peptides and internal cleaved peptides from more than 120 proteins. From the identified cleavages, we found several previously known internal proteolytic cleavage sites and many novel ones which may play roles in regulating normal biological processes. This work provides a potential new way, complementary to the N-terminomics, for the identification of proteolytic cleavages in complex biological systems.
Cathepsin A , Chemistry , Protein C , Chemistry , Protein Processing, Post-Translational , Proteolysis , Proteomics
Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations, computed tomography scan (CT), gastroscope, endo-scopic ultrasonography (EUS), and therapy method of gastritis cystica profunda. Methods Retrospectively analyzed clinical manifestations, CT, gastroscope, EUS, and pathological results of 6 cases of gastritis cystica profunda. Results In these 6 cases, 3 of them were doubted gastric carcinoma, 3 cases were considered stomach mass by CT. Gastroscope hinted apophysis lesions, but all cases were suggested gastritis cystica profunda by EUS. And all cases were removed through endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Pathology were confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusion EUS combined with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or ESD technique can improve the diagnostic rate. For gas-tritis cystica profunda which are not associated with malignant tumor can be treated through ESD.
Objective To investigate the role and possible mechanism of caveolin-1 (CAV1) in the forming of cholesterol gallstone in mice fed with lithogenic diet.Methods Cholesterol gallstone susceptible C57BL/6 mice were study objects.The mice of control group (n=6) and experiment group (n=6) were fed with normal diet and lithogenic diet for four weeks respectively.The condition of cholesterol gallstone forming,changes of serum lipid and bile composition were measured,and the expressions of CAV1 and scavenger receptor classB member Ⅰ (SR-BⅠ) at mRNA and protein level in the liver and gallbladder were detected by realtime-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot,respectively.The t test was performed for mean comparsion between the two groups.Results The incidence rate of gallstone in experimental group was 100％ after fed with lithogenic diet for four weeks,the lipid level significantly increased,and the proportion of cholesterol in bile raised and bile salt decreased.Compared with those of control group,the expressions of CAV1 at mRNA and protein level in the liver and gallbladder tissues siginificantly decreased (in liver tissue,mRNA 0.53 ± 0.13 vs 1.00 ± 0.32,t =3.330,protein level 0.39 ± 0.07vs 0.92±0.06,t=10.280; in gallbladder tissue,mRNA 0.40±0.22 vs 1.00±0.22,t=3.823,protein level 1.04±0.07 vs 1.34 ± 0.04,t =6.367,all P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the relative expression of SR-BⅠ at mRNA and protein level in the liver and gallbladder tissues between the mice of experiment group and control group.Conclusion The changes of CAV 1 expression at mRNA and protein level in liver and gallbladder tissues may affect lipids metabolism and cholesterol transportation in liver and gallbladder tissues of experiment mice,which might play an important role in the formation of cholesterol gallstone.
