Results of Experimental Hernioplasty with Acellular Dermal Matrix.

We performed a comprehensive assessment of the acellular dermal matrix obtained during the detergent-enzymatic treatment of the porcine dermis. Acellular dermal matrix was used for the experimental treatment of a hernial defect in a pig using the sublay method. Sixty days after the surgery, biopsy specimens were obtained from the area of hernia repair. The acellular dermal matrix can be easily modeled depending on the size and shape of the defect during surgical procedures, can eliminate the defect of the anterior abdominal wall, and is resistant to cutting by the suture material. Histological examination demonstrated replacement of the acellular dermal matrix with newly formed connective tissue.

[ANALYSIS OF THE CAUSES OF SUDDEN DEATH AMONG EMPLOYEES OF JSC «RUSSIAN RAILWAYS¼].

Protecting the health of railway workers of various professional groups is an important and integral part of the work of primary health care. The incidence of circulatory diseases is a significant problem among some groups of railway workers, given the considerable number of occupational risk factors. Among the most unfavorable complications of cardiovascular disease may be sudden cardiac death.Purpose of the study - сonducting an analysis of typical risk factors for sudden death among the main occupational groups of railway workers in Russia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was carried out of all cases of sudden death of employees of Russian Railways in the period from 2009 to 2021. All deceased workers were conditionally divided into 6 groups depending on the professions and positions of workers. RESULTS: All 411 deceased patients worked on 16 railways, subordinate to 15 medical directorates of Russian Railways. 84.7% of patients felt the first symptoms during working hours and only 15.3% during non-working hours. The prevalence of cases of sudden death during working hours was noted - 81%. Among the occupational groups under consideration, death at home or outside the home was more often observed in groups I and VI, and at the workplace, from groups II to V (p < 0.001). 6.8% of those who died had high levels of ethyl alcohol in their blood, and 3 out of 4 of them died at the workplace. Among the deceased, 70.3% of the patients were smokers. 68.1% were overweight or obese. The level of total cholesterol exceeded 5 mmol/l in 20.7% of cases, and the largest number of patients (65%) had a moderate risk according to the SCORE scale. CONCLUSION: The study sample showed that cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of sudden death. Among the risk factors in the study group, smoking and obesity prevailed.

[Dental care in health resort institutions]. / Okazanie stomatologicheskoi pomoshchi v sanatorno-kurortnykh usloviyakh.

Over the past decades, a small yet convincing evidence base has accumulated that demonstrates the effectiveness of dental care for patients in health-resort (HR) settings. In addition to a positive local effect, complex HR care increases nonspecific resistance and promotes desensitization. OBJECTIVE OF THE REVIEW: Addressing the HR rehabilitation in patients with various maxillofacial diseases for further consideration of the possibility of the increased use of HR care in dental practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Russian and English-language publications were analyzed without specifying the search timeframe. The search keywords were the following: «health-resort care¼, «balneotherapy¼, «peloid therapy¼, «physiotherapy¼, «magnet therapy¼, «laser therapy¼ in combination with «dental diseases¼, «maxillofacial diseases¼, «periodontal diseases¼, «temporomandibular joint diseases¼, «postoperative rehabilitation¼ «balneotherapy¼, «mud therapy¼, «peloid therapy¼, «spa therapy¼, «physiotherapy¼. A total of 21 articles were analyzed, including 10 related to periodontal disease, 5 to temporomandibular joint pathology, and 6 to rehabilitation in the postoperative period. Seventeen original studies (3855 patients) were selected, including 47.62% with evidence level C, due to lack of information on comparison group or randomization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Available data from clinical studies suggest the effectiveness of natural and physiotherapeutic factors in the medical rehabilitation of patients with various dental diseases. Further randomized clinical trials and the development of clinical guidelines for various techniques in dental diseases are warranted.

[STUDY OF THE POSITION TOWARDS HEALTH AND HEALTHY LIFESTYLE OF RAILWAY WORKERS].

PURPOSE: determination of the risk factors increasing the probability of development of non-communicable diseases at employees of the railway industry and also value of a condition of conditions for maintaining the healthy lifestyle by employees. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 13,595 people were interviewed (1.5% of the staff). The questionnaire contained 49 questions on the main components of healthy lifestyle, compiled on the basis of the STEPS toolkit. RESULTS: More than 93% of respondents agree that the person himself is responsible for his health, while only 11% of respondents correspond to the full extent of healthy lifestyle. The price factor when choosing products is decisive for 54% of respondents. 80% of the company's employees feed on what they brought from home. Less than half of the company's employees are engaged in physical education, sports, recreational gymnastics; would like to do, but now 40% do not do it. The proportion of persons involved in physical activity is slightly higher among young employees (54% versus 44% among workers aged 36 years and over). More than 2/3 of the survey participants do not smoke (while 30% smoked earlier, but were able to quit). Among women, the proportion of non-smokers is higher (86%) compared to men (64%). CONCLUSION: Based on the data obtained, it is possible to conclude that the company employees responsible attitude towards their health prevails. At the same time, a number of negative practices are quite widespread. These results point to the need to advance the values and practices of healthy lifestyle.

Synthesis and Antiplatelet and Anticoagulant Activity of Thietane-Containing 2-(5-Bromo-2,4-Dihydro-3-Oxo-1,2,4-Triazolyl-4)Acetate Salts.

Sulfone II was synthesized via oxidation of ethyl 2-[5-bromo-2,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2-(thietanyl-3)-1,2,4-triazolyl- 4]acetate (I) by H2O2. Hydrolysis of esters I and II synthesized 2-[5-bromo-2,4-dihydro- 3-oxo-2-(thietanyl-3)-1,2,4-triazolyl-4]- and 2-[5-bromo-2,4-dihydro-3-oxo-2-(1,1-dioxothietanyl-3)-1,2,4- triazolyl-4]acetic acids III and IV, respectively.Water-soluble salts V and VI were prepared by reacting acids III and IV with alkali-metal hydroxides and amines. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed IR and NMR spectroscopic data. The antiplatelet and anticoagulant activity of the synthesized compounds was studied in vitro based on predictions of the PASS computer program. Compounds III and VIb, which showed the absence of predicted toxic risks and were superior to the reference drug in the collagen-induced aggregation test, had the most pronounced antiplatelet activity (comparable to that of acetylsalicylic acid) in the ADP-induced aggregation test. The anticoagulant activity of the compounds was significantly inferior to that of heparin sodium. All synthesized compounds satisfied Lipinski's rule-of-5.

[The Analysis of the Causes of Sudden Deaths Among Workers of Locomotive Crews].

PURPOSE: to analyze causes of sudden death (SD) of workers of locomotive crews. Materials and methods. We performed the retrospective analysis of SDs of employees of Joint Stock Company ( JSC) "Russian Railways" for the period 2009-2017 (total 119 cases). Results. As a rule, the combination of risk factors of development of cardiovascular diseases was present, but the SCORE scale risk of cardiac death was average. However, in 60 % of cases at life risks were not correctly assessed. Differences were found between the deceased depending on what type of locomotive they steered. Also, a part of SD victims overworked during the last month (year). Conclusion. Further improvement of work of medical service of JSC "Russian Railways" is necessary.

[Probiotic using as a part of complex therapy of disbiotic violations at some intestinal diseases].

Diseases of intestines are among the most widespread in this connection their effective prevention and treatment represents a priority problem of practical health care. Nowadays the set of the indisputable evidence that the microbiota of intestines played a key role in pathogenesis of many diseases has been obtained. Aim - the analysis of the available data on a role of microflora and efficiency of probiotic cultures for treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, the necrotic enterocolitis, Krone's disease. Based on the data, which is available in literature, the main aspects of biological properties of probiotic bacteria, first in the context of their regulating influence on inflammatory immune reaction have been discussed. The question of strain-specific effect of probiotics has been considered. The basic provisions concerning change of a fecal microbiota, prospect and difficulty of realization of this technique have been presented in the article. Conclusion. Despite of wide use of pro- and prebiotics in clinic for treatment of diseases of digestive tract, a large number of the questions connected with selection of concrete strains for each patient, a dosage and duration of therapy for achievement of steady remission still remains.

[Features of nutrition of elderly patients with removable dental orthopedic constructions].

RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: studying of features of nutrition in elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions. 1388 patients aged from 60 up to 75 years which addressed in a city dental out-patient department were examined. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - the persons having only fixed stomatologic orthopedic constructions (n=419); group 2 - the persons having at least one partially removable stomatologic orthopedic construction and not having full-removable orthopedic constructions (n=512); group 3 - the persons having at least one full-removable stomatologic orthopedic construction (n=457). Patients were interviewed about nutrition features (frequency of consumption). Anthropometric researches were conducted. There were 2.2 and 1.3 fold more persons in group 3 with a concomitant increase in waist circumference and waist-hip ratio compared to groups 1 and 2 (p=0.0013). Persons from group 3 consumed meat significantly less often than patients in groups 1 and 2. A similar trend was observed for meat products, vegetables and fruits (p<0.05). Compared to patients in groups 1 and 2, patients from group 3 more often consumed cereals, potatoes, rice, pasta, as well as sauces, mayonnaises, margarines. All examined elderly patients rarely consumed fish and seafood (76.0-89.9% persons consumed once a month and less often).

[Three-year dynamics of the changes in the physical fitness, anthropometric development, food preferences, and metabolic changes in the students trained according to the modified methodology of physical culture]. / Trekhgodichnaia dinamika izmeneniia fizicheskoi podgotovlennosti, antropometricheskogo razvitiia, pishchevykh predpochtenii i metabolicheskikh izmenenii u studentov, zanimaiushchikhsia po modifitsirovannoi metodike fizicheskoi kul'tury.

BACKGROUND: The high level of physical activity is known to contribute to the harmonious development of children and adolescents: moreover; it is a factor promoting prevention of hypodynamia. The low level of physical activity is a risk factor for the development of many non-communicable diseases. However, physical education is not considered by many students as an attractive subject. AIM: The objective of the present study was the enhancement of the motivational aspects of physical activity for the prevention of hypodynamia among students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Physical education of the students was carried out with the use of the standard and modified methods. A total of 206 students (including 133 girls and 73 boys) at the mean age of 17.5±1.5 years were available for the examination. The study was conducted before the intervention (1st year) after the termination of the physical culture lessons envisaged by the academic curriculum (3rd year). The evaluation of the physical conditions and fitness of the students was conducted on the basis of the Russian Physical Culture and Sport Complex (GTO), bioimpedance analysis making use of the 'Medass' ABC-01 device; the functional reserves of the organism were assessed by means of hardware-software programs; the changes in food preferences were estimated on the basis of the FLLANK, questionnaire preliminarily adapted to the specific conditions of this country, and the characteristics of the metabolic processes were evaluated by laser correlation spectroscopy. RESULTS: Dynamics of the successful performance of the GTO normatives in the girls manifested itself in the in reduction of time they spent to run the 100 meter distance; the same was true for the boys who had to overcome the distance of 3000 meters. The students of both sexes became capable of increasing the number of repetitions of crunch and jumping rope exercises. The basal metabolism in the girls was increased within one year after the start of classes, and in the boys two years after the onset of the exercises; simultaneously, the positive changes in the metabolic profile were documented in the students of either sex. No adverse events related to the application of the modified training methods were recorded. CONCLUSION: An important aspect of the present study was the impact of new methods of teaching physical education on the composite body composition. The modified methods were found to shift dietary preferences and metabolic processes in the body of the students after the termination of the educational program.

[Features of a drinking regimen and signs of deficiency of magnesium at elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions.]

The purpose was to study features of a drinking regimen and signs of deficiency of magnesium at elderly patients with removable stomatologic orthopedic constructions. Questioning of 1 388 elderly patients who coming for the dentistry office. Patients were divided into three groups: the 1st was characterized by existence only of fixed stomatologic orthopedic constructions (n=419); the 2nd group was characterized by existence of partially removable constructions (n=512); the 3rd group was characterized by existence of full-removable constructions (n=457). We defined symptoms of the central obesity as rising of BMI and a circle of a waist. Patients were tested for possible deficiency of magnesium. At patients of the 3rd group have more often symptoms of the central obesity, than at the 1st and 2nd groups (52,5% against 21,5 and 41,8%, p<0.05). Patients of the 3rd group have more often signs of deficiency of magnesium, than other patients (62,3% against 11,7 and 22,3%, p<0.05). Patients of the 3rd group more often than others intake cocoa (54,1% against 5,7 and 10,4%, p<0.05), carbonated drinks (24,5% against 7,6 and 4,3%, p<0,05), hard alcoholic beverages (23% against 10 and 10,2%, p<0,05). All elderly patients extremely seldom use bottled water.

Design of Nanosomal Form of Aprotinin.

Liposomes containing aprotinin were produced by the phase inversion technique and purified by gel filtration. Aprotinin inclusion was assessed fluorescence labeling of the protein. The size of obtained liposomes was 212±35 nm and aprotinin concentration in the liposomal suspension was 3000 KIU/ml. The efficiency of aprotinin inclusion into liposomes was 31.9%.

[The association between physical inactivity and other behavioural risk factors of the development of chronic non-communicative diseases among the students]. / Assotsiatsiya gipodinamii i drugikh povedencheskikh faktorov riska razvitiya khronicheskikh neinfektsionnykh zabolevanii u studentov.

AIM: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible association between the physical inactivity and other behavioural risk factors of the development of chronic non- communicable diseases among the young persons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 216 1-2 grade students at the mean age of 18.8±1.3 years including 136 women and 80 men educated at A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical Stomatological University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, were recruited for the examination. RESULTS: The participants in the study were found to be at high risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases associated with their behavioral patterns, such as smoking and delivery (37.5% among the young men and 42.6% among the women). The bioimpedance observations revealed the augmentation of the body fat weight, the reduction of muscle mass, and the impairment of basal metabolism under the influence of hypodynamia that was also responsible for the change of homeostasis parameters revealed based on the results of the complete blood cell count. The sex-specific differences and those associated with physical activity were apparent in the prevalence of selected risk factors. The majority of the men characterized by the normal level of physical activity show the lowest occurrence of nutrition-related risk factors. However, it is the girls having no signs of hypodynamia that most frequently tend to calculate the nutritional value of their diet and follow the healthy meal strategies. The girls exhibiting the signs of physical inactivity present with the enlarged hip circumference whereas the hypodynamic men tend to show the enlarged waist circumference. The present study has demonstrated that nutritional motivation of the students depends on the level of their physical activity and smoking habits. Low physical activity appears to be responsible for the changes in the body composition and affects the parameters of homeostasis determined from the complete blood cell count. At the same time, the physical exercises are known to either prevent or slow down the development of many chronic non-communicable diseases including cardiovascular disorders. This observation opens up the prospects for the prevention of such pathology by involving the students exhibiting the low level of physical activity in the physiotherapeutic programs. On the other hand, sports activities may contribute to socialization of the students by erasing the boundaries between those «fit¼ and «unfit¼ for such behaviour. Taken together, these considerations emphasize the necessity of the specialized programs for the students with the low level of physical activity and hypodynamia. CONCLUSION: The present study has demonstrated the signs of hypodynamia in 37.5 and 43.6% of the young men and women respectively.

[Non-alcoholic beverages: russian priorities].

The article presents data of a survey of 11 850 persons of both sexes and various age groups (from 12 to 60 years) conducted in all Federal Districts of Russia, from 2013 to 2016. The analysis of consumption by the population of various widely consumed beverages, including different types of tea, low-calorie and dietary carbonated soft drinks and waters from various sources, was conducted and an analysis of the possible correlation between their frequency of consumption and body mass index (BMI) was carried out. It has been established that practically in all groups questioned about 10-15% of persons of various Federal districts and ages consume tap water. At the same time, the number of people consuming filtered, bottled water has significantly increased. In all age groups, except for a group of people aged 12-17 years, the consumption of tea by female obese women was 10-13% less than in the male group, and almost all groups with normal BMI consumed tea more often, than men. At the same time, there were no gender differences in the consumption of tea by individuals with a BMI of 25-30. There was no correlation between consumption of low-calorie, dietary carbonated soft drinks and BMI. Only in the group of people aged 31-45 years, gender differences were found, while in this group of people it was shown that obese men were about 3 times more likely than women to use these drinks (67.7 vs 25.0%).

Obesity prevalence and accuracy of BMI-defined obesity in Russian firefighters.

BACKGROUND: No data exist on obesity or the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) in Russian Federation firefighters. AIMS: To determine the prevalence of obesity and rates of misclassification of BMI-based obesity status. METHODS: Career firefighters in the Moscow region completed anthropometric assessments including height, weight, BMI, body fat per cent (BF%) and waist circumference (WC). Using these three methods, we defined obesity as BMI ≥30, BF% >25 and WC >102, respectively. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 167 male firefighters. Obesity prevalence was 22% for BMI [95% confidence interval (CI) 16.9-28.5], 60% for BF% (95% CI 52.5-67.3) and 28% for WC (95% CI 21.3-34.9). False positive rates for BMI-based obesity status were low, with 3% (95% CI -1.1 to 7.1) and 6% (95% CI 1.6-9.9) of non-obese participants defined by BF% and WC standards misidentified as obese using BMI. However, 65% (95% CI 55.7-77.4) of BF%-defined obese participants and 36% (95% CI 22.5-49.9) of WC-defined obese participants were misclassified as non-obese using BMI (i.e. false negatives). CONCLUSIONS: Rates of BMI-based obesity in Russian male firefighters were similar to that of males in the general Russian adult male population. Compared with BF% or WC standards, BMI-based obesity classi- fication produced low rates of false positives but demonstrated high rates of false negatives.

[The topical problems of physical health of the children and adolescents].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the level of the physical development and health of the children and adolescents depending on the age and sex using the methods and principles of pathophysiological investigations. The study involved 15,067 Moscow-based schoolchildren at the age varying from 7 to 17 years, including 7,760 boys and 7,307 girls. It was shown that the girls aged 7-14 and boys 8-16 years had body mass index (BMI) significantly different from the respective normal-for-age values. The boys aged 8 years or more had a significantly higher BMI than the girls of the same age which suggests a greater prevalence of the hypersthenic body type among the boys of this age group. The most intensive growth of body mass index was observed in both the girls and the boys during the period between 8 and 9 years. It is concluded that BMI in addition to gender and age is a major factor influencing the health status of the schoolchildren. The children and adolescents having the normal body type were characterized by a higher physical health index (PHI) in comparison to those with hypo- or hypersthenic body type. The index of physical health sharply decreased in both the boys and the girls within the first school year. A rise in the index of physical health was observed in the girls starting from the age of 14 years and in the boys from the age of 13 years. By the age of 17 years, the boys had a higher index of physical health in comparison with that in the girls. By the time of graduation from school, the index of physical health was lower regardless of gender than it was at the entry to school.

[The role of cellular mediators in the development of the phenomenon of inhibition induced by barium sulfate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of blood under the influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with intolerance to these drugs].

We investigated contribution mediator mechanism in the development of the phenomenon of inhibition induced by barium sulfate luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCHL) of blood under the influence of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patients with intolerance to these drugs. It was found that the phenomenon of suppression SLCHL blood under the influence of NSAIDs in patients with intolerance is mediated by the participation of mediators, and the contribution of H1--and H2--histamine receptors, 5-HT2 serotonin receptors and Cys-leukotriene receptors in the development of that phenomenon depends on the chemical nature of NSAIDs and the clinical manifestations of intolerance.

[OFF-LABEL DRUG USAGE IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION OF NEWBORNS].

Infectious pathology in the neonatal period is of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Urinary tract infection occurs in 23% of all infectious diseases. The treatment of infectious diseases mainly employs eradication therapy, mostly with anti-bacterial drugs. In practice, the therapy of infants frequently employs prescribing off-label drugs (cephalosporins 1 and 4 generation, macrolides, carbapenem, sulfonamides), which extends the duration of therapy on the average by 37.1% and increases the incidence of adverse reactions on the average by 11.4%. We believe that neonatologists should use drugs in accordance with prescription labeling. Elucidation of age-related restrictions, dosing, administration ways, and therapy duration must be carried out in the framework of clinical investigations. This is important for increasing the efficacy and safety of practical drug therapy.

[Adipose tissue composition in puberty and postpuberty according to age, sex (gender), physical activity and alimentary behavior].

The study involved 110 adolescents from 15 to 22 years (35 boys, 75 girls). To assess eating habits and physical activity we used WHO questionnaires. We also analyzed anthropometry, bioimpedance data, parameters of the cardiovascular system: systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate. It has been shown, that body mass index (BMI) in adolescents didn't correlate with the content of both total and visceral adipose tissue in the body and shoud not be used as a major diagnostic criterion of obesity. An excessive content of total adipose tissue was shown in 15% of the puberty and postpuberty teens. Visceral fat content was significantly higher in male, than female (3.03±3.31 vs 2.11±1.57%), independently of the total fat percentage (18.91±16.83 and 31.72±19.24% respectively). The visceral fat in the body begins to increase in age of 16. According to the authors, such an effect in boys and girls is associated with the final changes of puberty (concentration of sex steroids). Such hormons like testosterone and progesterone and estradiol have different effects on the white adipose tissue and play a key role in proceses of its differentiation and metabolism. Percentage of total adipose tissue depends on dietary habits in the first place ­ the predominance of fast food. A significant relationship of physical activity and the percentage of visceral fat was shown.

[Osteoimmunnology and periodontitis].

Periodontal disease is a pathological condition that involves inflammation of the tooth supporting structures. Accumulated lines of evidence suggest that hyperimmune responses to periodontal bacteria result in the destruction of periodontal connective tissue and alveolar bone. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the immune-inflammatory host response that ultimately results in loss of alveolar bone and stimulates osteoclastogenesis.

[Possibility of diagnostics of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs intolerance with a change in the chemiluminescent glow of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the peripheral blood].

We investigated the intensity of barium sulfate stimulated luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (SLCL) of pre-incubated blood with various concentrations of sodium salicylate, sodium metamizol or sodium diclofenac. Blood was received from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to aspirin and/or sodium metamizol and/or sodium diclofenac. Revealed valid differences in SLCL of blood received from healthy donors and patients with intolerance to these drugs allows us to use chemiluminescence method for the diagnosis of intolerance to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.