Ocorrência simultânea de teratoma ovariano e hiperplasia endometrial cística com piometra em cadela Labrador Retriever / Simultaneous occurrence of ovarian teratoma and endometrial cystic hyperplasia with pyometra in a Labrador Retriever bitch

Background: Ovarian teratoma is a rare tumor that occurs in dogs. Its origin comes from embryonic cells of the notochord and it is a unipotent tumor. Pyometra is the accumulation of purulent content in the uterine lumen. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is one of the factors predisposing a dog to the development of pyometra. The safest and most efficient treatment for pyometra is ovariohysterectomy. The purpose of this report was to describe a case of ovarian teratoma and cystic endometrial hyperplasia with concomitant pyometra in a Labrador Retriever Bitch. Case: A 10-year-old bitch Labrador Retriever, weighing 42 kg, was evaluated at Animal Care Barueri Veterinary Clinic, in Barueri, São Paulo. The patient was referred from another veterinary service to our clinic for an ovariohysterectomy and removal of an intestinal foreign body as previous ultrasonography (US) had indicated the presence of pyometra and a foreign body in the descending colon (she had ingested cloth according to the owner's report). Laboratory tests, complete blood count, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, and creatinine levels did not show any significant changes. Upon examination, the clinical signs were mucopurulent vaginal discharge, 5% dehydration, rectal temperature 39.1°C, mild abdominal pain on palpation, normophagy, normodipsia, and normal defecation and urination. Laboratory tests and a new US were requested on which the uterus was observed with the presence of luminal anechoic content and increased uterine diameter (uterine horns 3.97 cm), an acoustic intestinal shadow supposedly from a foreign body, and on the leukogram, leukocytosis (23,600/mm3) due to neutrophilia with a right shift (20,532/mm3) was observed. Therapeutic ovariohysterectomy and exploratory celiotomy were chosen as therapeutic options. Celiotomy with caudoumbilical mid ventral access was performed. When the left uterine horn was identified, an attempt was made to pull it in order to expose the left ovary, but this maneuver was not successful. For this reason, the abdominal incision was enlarged cranially. At that point, a huge mass was observed in the ovary (which was supposedly the acoustic shadow of the foreign body in the descending colon/left ovary). The intestines appeared normal. Macroscopically, the mass had an irregular surface, round shape, firm consistency, and was 15 cm long x 10 cm wide. Once removed, the mass was incised in the transversal direction, purulent content, hair, and mineralized areas inside it were observed. Histopathological examination showed neoplastic proliferation, consisting of cells with elongated epithelioid shape that were arranged in long irregular bundles among well-differentiated adipose tissue. An exuberant eosinophilic matrix with extensive cystic areas filled with lamellar keratin and hairy stems covered by squamous epithelium was also observed. Extensive areas exhibiting nervous tissue with minimal atypia are shown. The morphological picture was compatible with teratoma. Discussion: The present report describes the concomitant presence of ovarian teratoma and pyometra in a dog. The diagnosis of pyometra requires complementary tests (laboratory and imaging). The intestinal acoustic shadow observed on the two US images obtained by two different professionals was suggestive of intestinal foreign body but was also a wrong diagnosis, which was confirmed after an exploratory celiotomy when the mass in the left ovary was identified. On the histopathological examination of this present case, epithelial, nervous, and cartilaginous tissues were observed. This differentiation of tissues corroborated the teratoma diagnosis. Thus, the importance of an accurate diagnosis contributes to the resolution of a surgical conditions that may have had a poor prognosis when the procedure took a longer time to perform.(AU)

Expression of CD44 in previously grafted alveolar bone / Expresión del marcador óseo CD44 en hueso alveolar previamente injertado

Objetive: To determine the expressions of the bone surface marker CD44 in samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with allograft, xenograft, and mixed, using the technique of guided bone regeneration. Material and Methods: This exploratory study was approved by the institutional research and ethics committee. By means of intentional sampling and after obtaining informed consent for tissue donation, 20 samples of alveolar bone previously regenerated with guided bone regeneration therapy with particulate bone graft and membrane were taken during implant placement. The samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histological analysis, and by immunohistochemistry for the detection of CD44. Results: Sections with hematoxylin-eosin showed bone tissue with the presence of osteoid matrix and mature bone matrix of usual appearance. Of the CD44+ samples, 80% were allograft and 20% xenograft. The samples with allograft-xenograft were negative. There were no differences in the intensity of CD44 expression between the positive samples. The marker was expressed in osteocytes, stromal cells, mononuclear infiltrate, and some histiocytes. Eighty percent of the CD44+ samples and 100% of the samples in which 60 or more cells were labelled corresponded to allografts (p=0.000). A total of 67% of the samples from the anterior sector, and 40% from the posterior sector were CD44+ (p=0.689). Conclusion: This study shows for the first time that guided bone regeneration using allografts is more efficient for the generation of mature bone determined by the expression of CD44, compared to the use of xenografts and mixed allograft-xenograft, regardless of the regenerated anatomical area.

Objetivo: Determinar la expresión del marcador de membrana óseo CD44 en muestras de hueso alveolar previamente regenerado con aloinjerto, xenoinjerto y mezcla mediante la técnica de regeneración ósea guiada. Material y Métodos: Con aval del Comité de Investigación y Ética, se realizó un estudio exploratorio. Por muestreo intencional y firma de consentimiento informado de donación, se tomaron durante la colocación del implante, 20 muestras de hueso alveolar previamente regenerado con terapia de regeneración ósea guiada con injerto óseo particulado y membrana. Las muestras fueron teñidas con hematoxilina-eosina para el análisis histológico y por inmunohistoquímica para la detección del CD44. Resultados: : Los cortes con hematoxilina-eosina mostraron tejido óseo con presencia de matriz osteoide y matriz ósea madura de aspecto usual. De las muestras CD44+, 80% fueron de aloinjerto y 20% de xenoinjerto. Las muestras con aloinjerto-xeoninjerto fueron negativas. No hubo diferencias en la intensidad de la expresión del CD44 entre las muestras positivas. El marcador se expresó en osteocitos, células estromales, infiltrado mononuclear y algunos histiocitos. El 80% de las muestras CD44+ y el 100% de las muestras con marcación de 60 o más células correspondían a aloinjertos (p=0,000). El 67% de las muestras del sector anterior y el 40% del sector posterior fueron CD44+ (p=0,689). Conclusión: Este estudio muestra por primera vez que la regeneración ósea guiada usando aloinjertos, es más eficiente para la generación de hueso maduro determinado por la expresión de CD44, comparado con el uso de xenoinjertos y mezcla de aloinjerto-xenoinjerto, independientemente del sector anatómico regenerado.

Arterial thromboembolism of non-cardiogenic origin in a domestic feline with ischemia and reperfusion syndrome / Tromboembolismo arterial de origem não cardiogênica em um felino doméstico com síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão

Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is an acute and severe clinical condition resulting from the formation of a thrombus and its accommodation in an artery, impairing the perfusion of tissues irrigated by it. In felines, it is often related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but there are reports of its association with neoplasms. Ischemia and reperfusion syndrome may occur secondary to ATE and result in difficult to correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of ATE, including its clinical and laboratory findings and electrolyte and acid-base changes compatible with ischemia and reperfusion syndrome. A 14-year-old crossbreed female feline with sudden pelvic limb paralysis was treated at the Feline Medicine Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical and laboratory alterations included hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. The electrocardiogram indicated sinoventricular rhythm, and echocardiogram evaluation showed no alterations. Thorax radiographic evaluation revealed areas of higher radiopacity in the pulmonary fields. We opted for abdominal aorta arteriotomy as an emergency treatment for thrombus removal. The feline died in the postoperative period, and histopathological examination of lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and heart were performed, being compatible with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis. This study deals with a case of ATE of possible neoplastic origin, which is uncommon in cats. In this case, the patient had difficult-to-manage hemodynamic impairment, as well as electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders severe and refractory to therapy, culminating in death. The time to start treatment from the presentation of clinical signs may be determinant in therapeutic success, reducing the possible effects of reperfusion syndrome.(AU)

O tromboembolismo arterial (TEA) é uma condição clínica aguda e grave decorrente da formação de um trombo e seu alojamento em uma artéria, prejudicando a perfusão dos tecidos irrigados por ela. Em felinos, está frequentemente relacionado com a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, porém existem relatos da sua associação com neoplasias. A síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão pode ocorrer secundária ao TEA e resultar em desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base de difícil correção. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um caso de TEA, incluindo seus achados clínico-laboratoriais e as alterações eletrolíticas e acidobásicas compatíveis com a síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão. Foi atendido no Serviço de Medicina de Felinos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul um felino, sem raça definida (S.R.D.), fêmea, de 14 anos de idade, com paralisia súbita dos membros pélvicos. As alterações clínicas e laboratoriais incluíram hipotermia, hipotensão, bradicardia, azotemia, acidose metabólica e hipercalemia. O eletrocardiograma indicou ritmo sinoventricular e a avaliação do ecocardiograma não mostrou alterações. A avaliação radiográfica do tórax revelou áreas de maior radiopacidade nos campos pulmonares. Optou-se pela arteriotomia da aorta abdominal como tratamento emergencial para a retirada do trombo. O felino veio a óbito no pós-operatório e foi realizado exame histopatológico dos pulmões, linfonodos mediastinais e do coração, que foi compatível com adenocarcinoma pulmonar com metástase para o linfonodo. O presente trabalho trata de um caso de TEA de possível origem neoplásica, o que é pouco comum em gatos. Neste caso, o paciente apresentou comprometimento hemodinâmico de difícil manejo, além de desordens eletrolíticas e do equilíbrio ácido-base graves e refratárias a terapia, culminando em óbito. O tempo do início do tratamento a partir da apresentação dos sinais clínicos pode ser determinante no sucesso terapêutico, reduzindo os...(AU)

Total intravenous anesthesia in domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) with propofol alone or in combination with methadone, nalbuphine or fentanyl for ulna osteotomy.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the propofol infusion rate and cardiopulmonary effects during total intravenous anesthesia with propofol alone and propofol combined with methadone, fentanyl or nalbuphine in domestic chickens undergoing ulna osteotomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, experiment trial. ANIMALS: A total of 59 healthy Hissex Brown chickens weighing 1.5 ± 0.2 kg. METHODS: Anesthesia was induced with propofol (9 mg kg-1) administered intravenously (IV) and maintained with propofol (1.2 mg kg-1 minute-1) for 30 minutes. Birds were intubated and supplemented with 100% oxygen through a nonrebreathing circuit under spontaneous ventilation. Thereafter, each animal was randomly assigned to one of four groups: group P, no treatment; group PM, methadone (6 mg kg-1) intramuscularly (IM); group PN, nalbuphine IM (12.5 mg kg-1); and group PF, fentanyl IV (30 µg kg-1 loading dose, 30 µg kg-1 hour-1 constant rate infusion). During the osteotomy surgery, the propofol infusion rate was adjusted to avoid movement of birds and provide adequate anesthesia. Pulse rate, invasive blood pressure, respiratory frequency, end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Pe'CO2) and hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded. RESULTS: Data were available from 58 chickens. The mean ± standard deviation propofol infusion rate (mg kg-1 minute-1) for the duration of anesthesia was: group P, 0.81 ± 0.15; group PM, 0.66 ± 0.11; group PN, 0.60 ± 0.14; and group PF, 0.80 ± 0.07. Significant differences were P versus PM (p = 0.042), P versus PN (p = 0.002) and PF versus PN (p = 0.004). Pulse rate, blood pressure and SpO2 remained acceptable for anesthetized birds with minor differences among groups. Values of Pe'CO2 >60 mmHg (8 kPa) were observed in all groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Methadone and nalbuphine, but not fentanyl, decreased the propofol infusion rate required for anesthesia maintenance, but resulted in no obvious benefit in physiological variables.

Arterial thromboembolism of non-cardiogenic origin in a domestic feline with ischemia and reperfusion syndrome / Tromboembolismo arterial de origem não cardiogênica em um felino doméstico com síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão

Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) is an acute and severe clinical condition resulting from the formation of a thrombus and its accommodation in an artery, impairing the perfusion of tissues irrigated by it. In felines, it is often related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but there are reports of its association with neoplasms. Ischemia and reperfusion syndrome may occur secondary to ATE and result in difficult to correct electrolyte and acid-base imbalances. The aim of the present study is to describe a case of ATE, including its clinical and laboratory findings and electrolyte and acid-base changes compatible with ischemia and reperfusion syndrome. A 14-year-old crossbreed female feline with sudden pelvic limb paralysis was treated at the Feline Medicine Service of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. Clinical and laboratory alterations included hypothermia, hypotension, bradycardia, azotemia, metabolic acidosis, and hyperkalemia. The electrocardiogram indicated sinoventricular rhythm, and echocardiogram evaluation showed no alterations. Thorax radiographic evaluation revealed areas of higher radiopacity in the pulmonary fields. We opted for abdominal aorta arteriotomy as an emergency treatment for thrombus removal. The feline died in the postoperative period, and histopathological examination of lungs, mediastinal lymph nodes, and heart were performed, being compatible with pulmonary adenocarcinoma with lymph node metastasis. This study deals with a case of ATE of possible neoplastic origin, which is uncommon in cats. In this case, the patient had difficult-to-manage hemodynamic impairment, as well as electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders severe and refractory to therapy, culminating in death. The time to start treatment from the presentation of clinical signs may be determinant in therapeutic success, reducing the possible effects of reperfusion syndrome.

O tromboembolismo arterial (TEA) é uma condição clínica aguda e grave decorrente da formação de um trombo e seu alojamento em uma artéria, prejudicando a perfusão dos tecidos irrigados por ela. Em felinos, está frequentemente relacionado com a cardiomiopatia hipertrófica, porém existem relatos da sua associação com neoplasias. A síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão pode ocorrer secundária ao TEA e resultar em desequilíbrios eletrolíticos e ácido-base de difícil correção. O objetivo do presente trabalho é descrever um caso de TEA, incluindo seus achados clínico-laboratoriais e as alterações eletrolíticas e acidobásicas compatíveis com a síndrome de isquemia e reperfusão. Foi atendido no Serviço de Medicina de Felinos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul um felino, sem raça definida (S.R.D.), fêmea, de 14 anos de idade, com paralisia súbita dos membros pélvicos. As alterações clínicas e laboratoriais incluíram hipotermia, hipotensão, bradicardia, azotemia, acidose metabólica e hipercalemia. O eletrocardiograma indicou ritmo sinoventricular e a avaliação do ecocardiograma não mostrou alterações. A avaliação radiográfica do tórax revelou áreas de maior radiopacidade nos campos pulmonares. Optou-se pela arteriotomia da aorta abdominal como tratamento emergencial para a retirada do trombo. O felino veio a óbito no pós-operatório e foi realizado exame histopatológico dos pulmões, linfonodos mediastinais e do coração, que foi compatível com adenocarcinoma pulmonar com metástase para o linfonodo. O presente trabalho trata de um caso de TEA de possível origem neoplásica, o que é pouco comum em gatos. Neste caso, o paciente apresentou comprometimento hemodinâmico de difícil manejo, além de desordens eletrolíticas e do equilíbrio ácido-base graves e refratárias a terapia, culminando em óbito. O tempo do início do tratamento a partir da apresentação dos sinais clínicos pode ser determinante no sucesso terapêutico, reduzindo os...

Becoming Baby-Friendly and Transforming Maternity Care in a Safety-Net Hospital on the Texas-Mexico Border.

Nurse leaders used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's survey on Maternity Practices in Infant Nutrition and Care, as well as Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative guidelines, to transform maternity care in a safety-net hospital with more than 3,500 births annually. Implementing evidence-based guidelines to support breastfeeding was essential for a vulnerable population characterized by minimal prenatal care and high rates of diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and poverty. Research showing the importance of breastfeeding in protecting against these factors guided extensive changes in our maternity care model. The nursing and medical teams changed long-held practices that separated women from their newborns and observed substantial improvements in breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding rates at discharge.

Anal atresia associated with rectovaginal fistula in a bitch / Atresia anal associada à fístula retovaginal em cadela

Background: Anal atresia, a congenital defect that is common in animals, frequently affects calves and piglets. Its occurrence is associated with a defect in the perforation of the membrane that separates the endodermis of the posterior intestine from the ectodermic membrane of the anus. Anorectal congenital anomalies are rare in dogs and cats, with anal atresia being the most common of them. Anal atresia is a deformity that affects the anal opening and the terminal rectum, resulting in closure of the anal outlet. It can be classifi ed into four types. Clinical signs include the passage of feces through the vulva, vulvar dermatitis, tenesmus, cystitis, megacolon, etc. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, physical examination and supplementary tests. The treatment consists of surgical correction of the fistula, reconstruction of the vagina and of the fi nal portion of the rectum. The objective of this study is to report the surgical correction of a bitch with anal atresia associated with retrovaginal fi stula, with satisfactory recovery of the patient. Case: A mongrel bitch with one month of age and body mass of 100 grams was admitted to Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul with a history of feces in the vulva and absence of anal orifi ce. The patient presented tenesmus and was prostrate and underdeveloped in relation...

Anal atresia associated with rectovaginal fistula in a bitch / Atresia anal associada à fístula retovaginal em cadela

Background: Anal atresia, a congenital defect that is common in animals, frequently affects calves and piglets. Its occurrence is associated with a defect in the perforation of the membrane that separates the endodermis of the posterior intestine from the ectodermic membrane of the anus. Anorectal congenital anomalies are rare in dogs and cats, with anal atresia being the most common of them. Anal atresia is a deformity that affects the anal opening and the terminal rectum, resulting in closure of the anal outlet. It can be classifi ed into four types. Clinical signs include the passage of feces through the vulva, vulvar dermatitis, tenesmus, cystitis, megacolon, etc. The diagnosis is based on history, clinical signs, physical examination and supplementary tests. The treatment consists of surgical correction of the fistula, reconstruction of the vagina and of the fi nal portion of the rectum. The objective of this study is to report the surgical correction of a bitch with anal atresia associated with retrovaginal fi stula, with satisfactory recovery of the patient. Case: A mongrel bitch with one month of age and body mass of 100 grams was admitted to Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul with a history of feces in the vulva and absence of anal orifi ce. The patient presented tenesmus and was prostrate and underdeveloped in relation...(AU)

Ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia secondary to intervertebral disc protrusion in a dog / Mielomalácia hemorrágica ascendente secundária à protrusão de disco intervertebral em cão

Background: Myelomalacia is a multifocal syndrome that causes hemorrhagic infarction of the spinal cord that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. It occurs as a consequence of acute spinal cord trauma, usually by extrusion of intervertebral disc in the thoracolumbar spine, affecting up to 10% of dogs with acute paralysis and deep pain loss in the pelvic limbs due to disc disease. This disease may be focal or diffuse; the diffuse form is typically associated with cranial and caudal migration of neurologic signs and is often fatal. The mechanical lesion to the spinal cord triggers secondary injury mediated by the existence of oxygen free radicals, alterations in the concentrations of neurotransmitters ions and amino acids, and it results in the reduction of the spinal cord blood fl ow, ischemia and progressive cranial and caudal necrosis to the focus of the initial injury.Case: A 5-year-old Dachshund male intact dog weighting 8 kg was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) with initial complaint of acute paralysis of the hind limbs for two days. On clinical examination there was paraplegia, absence of deep pain in the pelvic limbs, with decreased patellar, sciatic and tibial cranial refl exes. The anal sphincter was relaxed and the bladder was easily expressed. The panniculus refl ex was intact up to t

Background: Myelomalacia is a multifocal syndrome that causes hemorrhagic infarction of the spinal cord that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. It occurs as a consequence of acute spinal cord trauma, usually by extrusion of intervertebral disc in the thoracolumbar spine, affecting up to 10% of dogs with acute paralysis and deep pain loss in the pelvic limbs due to disc disease. This disease may be focal or diffuse; the diffuse form is typically associated with cranial and caudal migration of neurologic signs and is often fatal. The mechanical lesion to the spinal cord triggers secondary injury mediated by the existence of oxygen free radicals, alterations in the concentrations of neurotransmitters ions and amino acids, and it results in the reduction of the spinal cord blood fl ow, ischemia and progressive cranial and caudal necrosis to the focus of the initial injury.Case: A 5-year-old Dachshund male intact dog weighting 8 kg was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) with initial complaint of acute paralysis of the hind limbs for two days. On clinical examination there was paraplegia, absence of deep pain in the pelvic limbs, with decreased patellar, sciatic and tibial cranial refl exes. The anal sphincter was relaxed and the bladder was easily expressed. The panniculus refl ex was intact up to t

Mielomalácia hemorrágica ascendente secundária à protrusão de disco intervertebral em cão / Ascending Hemorrhagic Myelomalacia Secondary to Intervertebral Disc Protrusion in a Dog

Background: Myelomalacia is a multifocal syndrome that causes hemorrhagic infarction of the spinal cord that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. It occurs as a consequence of acute spinal cord trauma, usually by extrusion of intervertebral disc in the thoracolumbar spine, affecting up to 10% of dogs with acute paralysis and deep pain loss in the pelvic limbs due to disc disease. This disease may be focal or diffuse; the diffuse form is typically associated with cranial and caudal migration of neurologic signs and is often fatal. The mechanical lesion to the spinal cord triggers secondary injury mediated by the existence of oxygen free radicals, alterations in the concentrations of neurotransmitters ions and amino acids, and it results in the reduction of the spinal cord blood flow, ischemia and progressive cranial and caudal necrosis to the focus of the initial injury. Case: A 5-year-old Dachshund male intact dog weighting 8 kg was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) with initial complaint of acute paralysis of the hind limbs for two days. On clinical examination there was paraplegia, absence of deep pain in the pelvic limbs, with decreased patellar, sciatic and tibial cranial reflexes. The anal sphincter was relaxed and the bladder was easily expressed. The panniculus reflex was intact up to the 10th thoracic vertebra (T10). The patient had exacerbated pain on palpation of the thoracic spine. The other physiological parameters were within normal limits. Based on clinical findings, ascending myelomalacia was the presumed diagnosis. Biochemical and haematological profiles were unremarkable. The myelographic examination did not reveal a site of spinal cord compression, as the column of contrast suffered no deviation or blockage in its path. Pain was medically managed. The following day, the animal had hypothermia, forelimbs paresis, dyspnea and abdominal breathing. The panniculus reflex had migrated cranially, to the height of the 6th thoracic vertebra (T6). The owner opted for euthanasia and the patient was referred to necropsy. At necropsy the L1-L2 intervertebral disc suffered disc protrusion and not extrusion. Along the spinal cord there was multifocal hemorrhage in the white and gray matter, with gliosis, malacia, fibrin deposition and axonal spheroids. In the lumbar spinal segments L1 and L2, there was neutrophilic infiltrate and calcification area in the meninges. Discussion: It is often cited in the literature that young dogs, especially the Dachshund breed, are prone to intervertebral disc disease, with acute paralysis and, in severe cases, myelomalacia ascending, as in this case. What is rare, though, is the occurrence of myelomalacia associated with disc protrusion only instead of disc extrusion. The multifocal character of the disease evidenced by changes and worsening of neurological signs in the course of the disease was reported in this case. The physical examination findings and its evolution are the same cited in the literature, such as atonic bladder, absence of patellar reflex, anal sphincter relaxation. Dyspnea is related to paralysis of the intercostal muscles and diaphragm and is irreversible and fatal. Early diagnosis of myelomalacia ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia is crucial to prevent death from respiratory failure due to the progression of the disease. Effective treatment for preventing the progression of necrosis and hemorrhage resulting from spinal thoraco-lumbar disc disease, acute paraplegia and which leads to loss of deep pain has not been found yet.

Ascending hemorrhagic myelomalacia secondary to intervertebral disc protrusion in a dog / Mielomalácia hemorrágica ascendente secundária à protrusão de disco intervertebral em cão

Background: Myelomalacia is a multifocal syndrome that causes hemorrhagic infarction of the spinal cord that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. It occurs as a consequence of acute spinal cord trauma, usually by extrusion of intervertebral disc in the thoracolumbar spine, affecting up to 10% of dogs with acute paralysis and deep pain loss in the pelvic limbs due to disc disease. This disease may be focal or diffuse; the diffuse form is typically associated with cranial and caudal migration of neurologic signs and is often fatal. The mechanical lesion to the spinal cord triggers secondary injury mediated by the existence of oxygen free radicals, alterations in the concentrations of neurotransmitters ions and amino acids, and it results in the reduction of the spinal cord blood fl ow, ischemia and progressive cranial and caudal necrosis to the focus of the initial injury.Case: A 5-year-old Dachshund male intact dog weighting 8 kg was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) with initial complaint of acute paralysis of the hind limbs for two days. On clinical examination there was paraplegia, absence of deep pain in the pelvic limbs, with decreased patellar, sciatic and tibial cranial refl exes. The anal sphincter was relaxed and the bladder was easily expressed. The panniculus refl ex was intact up to t

Background: Myelomalacia is a multifocal syndrome that causes hemorrhagic infarction of the spinal cord that can occur as a sequel to acute spinal cord injury. It occurs as a consequence of acute spinal cord trauma, usually by extrusion of intervertebral disc in the thoracolumbar spine, affecting up to 10% of dogs with acute paralysis and deep pain loss in the pelvic limbs due to disc disease. This disease may be focal or diffuse; the diffuse form is typically associated with cranial and caudal migration of neurologic signs and is often fatal. The mechanical lesion to the spinal cord triggers secondary injury mediated by the existence of oxygen free radicals, alterations in the concentrations of neurotransmitters ions and amino acids, and it results in the reduction of the spinal cord blood fl ow, ischemia and progressive cranial and caudal necrosis to the focus of the initial injury.Case: A 5-year-old Dachshund male intact dog weighting 8 kg was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS) with initial complaint of acute paralysis of the hind limbs for two days. On clinical examination there was paraplegia, absence of deep pain in the pelvic limbs, with decreased patellar, sciatic and tibial cranial refl exes. The anal sphincter was relaxed and the bladder was easily expressed. The panniculus refl ex was intact up to t

Peritonite séptica secundária à deiscência de enterotomia em felino: relato de caso

Introdução: A peritonite consiste em inflamação do peritônio, com classificação variável em relação à origem, ao grau de contaminação e à extensão (localizada ou difusa). A perda da integridade da parede intestinal corresponde à maioria dos casos de peritonite bacteriana nos cães e gatos. Geralmente, a apresentação é aguda em casos de peritonite séptica e crônica na peritonite não séptica. No caso de peritonite séptica, os sinais clínicos constam de desconforto abdominal, letargia, anorexia, perda de peso, vômito, diarréia, distensão abdominal, icterícia variável e colapso. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de peritonite séptica secundária à enterotomia em felino.Caso: Um felino, fêmea, castrado, de aproximadamente um ano de idade, foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS), com histórico de ter sido submetida à enterotomia em outro estabelecimento veterinário, devido à formação de fecaloma, uma semana prévia à consulta ao HCV-UFRGS. Os proprietários relataram que alguns dias após o procedimento o animal apresentou-se prostrado, anoréxico e constipado. No exame físico, apresentou dor aguda à palpação abdominal, além de abdômen distendido, dispnéia, mucosas hipocoradas, desidratação e temperatura retal de 39,4C. Os exames de sangue revelaram anemia leve (23%) normocrômica normocítica, leucopenia, hipoprot

Peritonite séptica secundária à deiscência de enterotomia em felino: relato de caso

Introdução: A peritonite consiste em inflamação do peritônio, com classificação variável em relação à origem, ao grau de contaminação e à extensão (localizada ou difusa). A perda da integridade da parede intestinal corresponde à maioria dos casos de peritonite bacteriana nos cães e gatos. Geralmente, a apresentação é aguda em casos de peritonite séptica e crônica na peritonite não séptica. No caso de peritonite séptica, os sinais clínicos constam de desconforto abdominal, letargia, anorexia, perda de peso, vômito, diarréia, distensão abdominal, icterícia variável e colapso. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de peritonite séptica secundária à enterotomia em felino.Caso: Um felino, fêmea, castrado, de aproximadamente um ano de idade, foi atendido no Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS), com histórico de ter sido submetida à enterotomia em outro estabelecimento veterinário, devido à formação de fecaloma, uma semana prévia à consulta ao HCV-UFRGS. Os proprietários relataram que alguns dias após o procedimento o animal apresentou-se prostrado, anoréxico e constipado. No exame físico, apresentou dor aguda à palpação abdominal, além de abdômen distendido, dispnéia, mucosas hipocoradas, desidratação e temperatura retal de 39,4C. Os exames de sangue revelaram anemia leve (23%) normocrômica normocítica, leucopenia, hipoprot

Optimización del diagnóstico de infección de vías urinarias: detección fotométrica de piuria y bacteriuria / Optimization of infection tract urinary diagnosis

Marco Teórico: Para apoyar el diagnóstico de infección de vías urinarias, en la última década Vytek Systems, Missouri USA desarrolló un analizador semiautomatizado (BACT-T-SCREEN), el cual realiza una prueba fotométrica cualitativa para la detección de bacterias y leucocitos la cual hemos modificado desde el punto de vista analítico al considerar cuantitativamente la absorción diferencial (delta=absorción problema-absorción calibración) empleando curvas de operación relativa(COR). Objetivo: Evaluar la confiabilidad (eficacia) de nuestro procedimiento y la aplicabilidad del instrumento (eficiencia) en la rutina de trabajo del Laboratorio de Microbiología del HABC. Tipo de estudio: Clínico, prospectivo, experimental, analítico, comparativo. Realizado en la rutina de trabajo del laboratorio de microbiología durante el primer trimestre de 1994. Resultados: En 220 cultivos hubo un 23 por ciento con desarrollo. Existió un predominio de Gramm negativos en 85 por ciento, E. coli en 60 por ciento, levaduras en 6 por ciento. Al correlacionar la absorción diferencial (delta) del fotómetro Bact-T-Screen con el número de colonias aisladas en el cultivo se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación del 0.93 y se encontró que una delta de 20 equivale a 100,000 unidades formadoras de colonias por mililitro (UFC/mL). En base al Teorema de Bayes aplicando curvas de operación relativa(COR) se demostró que la delta con mayor eficacia es la de 15 unidades con un Valor Predictivo Positivo del 90 por ciento ya que de esta manera se elimina el 72 por ciento de los cultivos. Conclusiones: El analizador representa un avance significativo en el manejo de infección urinaria al lograr establecer un diagnóstico confiable, oportuno y económico en menos de una hora