Existe un debate considerable en la literatura sobre cómo el narcisismo predice diversos comportamientos asociados con la utilidad de los sitios de redes sociales, pero los investigadores han prestado menos atención a explorar los mediadores potenciales de esta relación. Con base en la literatura existente, anticipamos que el narcisismo predice comportamientos de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales. El estudio actual también investigó el papel mediador del perfeccionismo multidimensional entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción. Se recopiló un total de 605 cuestionarios completos de estudiantes de universidades de Rawalpindi e Islamabad, Pakistán, mediante un muestreo conveniente. El estudio utilizó el Inventario de Personalidad Narcisista (Ames et al., 2006), un cuestionario de desarrollo propio sobre comportamiento de autopromoción en sitios de redes sociales y la Escala de Perfeccionismo Multidimensional (Hewitt et al., 1991). Los hallazgos indicaron que las mujeres en comparación con los hombres y las solteras en comparación con las casadas obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas en narcisismo. Los niveles educativos más altos se asociaron con tasas más altas de narcisismo. Los resultados también sugieren que el narcisismo se correlaciona con el perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y, más significativamente, con el narcisismo orientado a los demás. El perfeccionismo orientado a uno mismo y a los demás medió significativamente la relación entre el narcisismo y el comportamiento de autopromoción en los sitios de redes sociales.(AU)
There is considerable debate in the literature about how narcis-sism predicts various behaviors associated with the utility of social net-working sites, but researchers have paid less attention to exploring the po-tential mediators of this relationship.Based on the existing literature, we anticipated that narcissism predicts self-promoting behaviors on social networking sites. The current study also investigated the mediating role of multidimensional perfectionismbetween narcissism and self-promoting behavior. A total of 605 complete questionnaires weregathered fromstu-dents from universities from Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan using convenient sampling. The study used Narcissistic Personality Inventory (Ames et al., 2006), self-developed Self-promoting Behavior on social net-working sites questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt et al., 1991). Findings indicated that females as compared to males and single as comparedto married individuals scored higher on narcissism. Higher educational levels were associated with higher rates of narcissism. The results also suggestthat narcissism correlated with self-oriented per-fectionism, and more significantlywith others-oriented narcissism. Self-oriented and others-oriented perfectionism significantly mediated the rela-tionship between narcissism and self-promoting behavior on social net-working sites.(AU)
Humans , Male , Female , Mental Health , Perfectionism , Narcissism , Behavior , Students/psychology , Pakistan
Protein kinases are responsible for protein phosphorylation and are involved in important intracellular signal transduction pathways in various cells, including neurons; however, a considerable number of poorly characterized kinases may be involved in neuronal development. Here, we considered mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinases (MAP4Ks), related to as candidate regulators of neurite outgrowth and synaptogenesis, by examining the effects of a selective MAP4K inhibitor PF06260933. PF06260933 treatments of the cultured neurons reduced neurite lengths, not the number of synapses, and phosphorylation of GAP43 and JNK, relative to the control. These results suggest that MAP4Ks are physiologically involved in normal neuronal development and that the resultant impaired neurite outgrowth by diminished MAP4Ks' activity, is related to psychiatric disorders.
Neurites , Neurons , Humans , Neurons/metabolism , Neurites/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Phosphorylation , Neuronal Outgrowth
This comparative study is an attempt to explore the determinants of capital structure for Malaysian firms listed in various sectors level. Within the framework of traditional and moderate dynamic capital structure theories, the key determinants such as fixed assets, current assets, return on equity, size, earning per share and total assets are tested in relation to the debt-equity ratio. The large-scale study entails data collected from 551 listed firms of Bursa Malaysia main market over 12 years period i.e. 2005-2016. Notably, this study combines Time Series econometrics with Panel Data analysis to enhance methodological robustness. Moreover, the comparative analysis approach is designated to recognize the most persistent capital structure determinants. In the first place, the Multiple Regression analysis (MRA) is selected as a baseline estimation method. Subsequently, the Auto Regression Distributed Lag model (ARDL), the Panel Data Static models, and Dynamic model via the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) are employed to identify the capital structure determinants for the firms listed at Bursa Malaysia. The outcomes are surprising and indicate that the entire market is primarily controlled by the studied determinant total assets, which is significant in both construction and property sectors through MRA, ARDL, and GMM analysis. Technically, the significant role of tangibility and the existence of speed of adjustment across sectors imply that the Dynamic Capital Structure is the most prominent among all, followed by the Dynamic Trade-off theory.
@#Introduction: Burnout is a growing trend among medical students worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with burnout among medical students at a public university in Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1st through 5th year medical students at a public university using a simple random sampling method in recruiting participants. In this study, The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey for Student (MBI-SS) was used and burnout is defined as severely emotionally exhausted and severely depersonalised. Results: A total of 328 medical students were recruited with a with response rate of 88.6%. The burnout prevalence was 10.1%. Based on multivariate logistic regression, presence of smartphone addiction with adjusted (odds ratio (OR) 7.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.67, 32.49), course choice not based on personal interest or due to family pressure (OR 2.72, 95% CI = 1.08, 6.85) and the presence of family relationship problems (OR = 3.58, 95% CI = 1.27, 10.04) are more likely to be associated with burnout among the medical students. Conclusion: Our study has shown that every tenth medical students suffers from burnout. Medical students who are addicted to smartphone, have chosen medical course against individual interest or because of family pressure and have family relationship problems are at risk of getting burnout. Intervention is required to address this issue for the future well-being of medical students.
BACKGROUND: Smoking prevalence remains high in Malaysia. Primary care doctors have a good opportunity to motivate the smokers to quit smoking in view of the accessibility of primary healthcare clinics to the public. The objective of this study was to determine the practice of smoking cessation management among primary care doctors and its associated factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among 383 medical officers and interns in all government primary healthcare clinics in the district of Petaling, Klang and Hulu Langat from June to August 2020. All doctors were involved in the care of patients for smoking cessation. The knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking cessation management were assessed using a 17-items validated questionnaire which covered the components of 5As (Ask, advise, assess, assist, arrange) and 5Rs (Relevance, risk, reward, roadblocks, repetition). The management of pre-contemplation phase included the components of ask, advise, assess and 5Rs. The management of the contemplation phase included the components of assist and arrange. RESULT: The majority of the respondents had poor score of knowledge (62.4%); attitude (58%) and practice (pre-contemplation management:50.9%; contemplation management:75.7%). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the significant factors associated with the poor practice of smoking cessation management in the pre-contemplation phase were poor (OR = 2.14, 95% CI 1.11-4.12, p <0.01) or moderate knowledge (OR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.19-5.26, p<0.01), poor attitude (OR = 2.16, 95% CI 1.39-3.37, p<0.01), lacks smoking cessation banners, brochures and leaflets in the clinic (OR = 2.01, 95%CI 1.26-3.19, p<0.01) and lack of nicotine replacement medications (OR = 2.27. 95%CI 1.27-4.06, p<0.01). No significant factors were shown associated with the practice of the contemplation phase. CONCLUSION: The majority of primary care doctors had poor knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking cessation management. Factors that had increased the odds of the poor practice of smoking management at the pre-contemplation phase were poor knowledge, poor attitude, and insufficient organizational support for health promotion materials and nicotine replacement medication.
Smoking Cessation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Humans , Malaysia/epidemiology , Nicotine , Nicotinic Agonists , Primary Health Care , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices
Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf ex Holmes, an essential and critically endangered medicinal plant from Kashmir Himalayas, was studied for its antioxidant and antifungal properties. The shade-dried powdered rhizome was extracted sequentially with hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. These subsequent fractions were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC); total flavonoid content (TFC); antioxidant assays, such as 1,1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH); ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP); superoxide radical scavenging (SOR); hydroxyl radical scavenging (OH) and antifungal activity using the poisoned food technique. Highest TPC (5.26 ± 0.01 mg/g) and TFC (2.92 ± 0.04 mg/g) were reported from methanolic extracts. The highest values of radical scavenging activities were also observed in methanolic extracts with IC50 values of 163.71 ± 2.69 µg/mL in DPPH, 173.69 ± 4.91 µg/mL in SOR and 159.64 ± 2.43 µg/mL in OH. The chemical profile of ethyl acetate extract was tested using HR-LCMS. Methanolic extracts also showed a promising inhibition against Aspergillus niger (66.18 ± 1.03), Aspergillus flavus (78.91 ± 1.19) and Penicillium notatum (83.14 ± 0.97) at a 15% culture filtrate concentration with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 230 µg/mL, 200 µg/mL and 190 µg/mL, respectively. Overall, the methanolic fractions showed significant biological potential, and its pure isolates might be used to construct a potential new medicinal source.
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and is the most common and prevalent form of malignancy diagnosed in women. lncRNAs are found to be frequently dysregulated in cancer, and its expression plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. The study included 100 histopathologically confirmed, newly diagnosed untreated patients of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast cancer patients and 100 healthy subjects. After blood collection, the serum was separated and total RNA was extracted, cDNA was synthesized using 100 ng of total RNA, and lncRNA (ANRIL, TUG1, UCA1, and HIT) expression was analyzed. Increased ANRIL (3.83-fold), TUG1 (7.64-fold), UCA1 (7.82-fold), and HIT (3.31-fold) expressions were observed in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Relative expression of lncRNAs UCA-1 (p = 0.010) and HIT-1 (p < 0.0001) was significantly elevated in patients with advanced breast cancer stage compared to those with early-stage disease. While lncRNA TUG-1 expression was found to be higher in patients with early-stage tumors than those with advanced-stage tumors (p = 0.06), lncRNA ANRIL showed increased expression in patients with PR positive status (p = 0.04). However, we found a significant difference in lncRNA HIT expression in HER-2 positive breast cancer patients compared to HER-2 negative breast cancer patients (p = 0.005). An increase in the expression of serum lncRNAs ANRIL (p < 0.0001), UCA-1 (p = 0.004), and HIT (p < 0.0001) was observed in the distant organ metastatic breast cancer patients. In the ROC curve concerning lymph node involvement, the sensitivity and specificity of lncRNA HIT were 68% and 58%, respectively (p value = 0.007). In the ROC curve w.r.t. stages of disease, the sensitivity and specificity of lncRNA HIT were 80% and 50%, respectively (p value < 0.0001). Better sensitivity and specificity were observed for lncRNA HIT (sensitivity 91% and specificity 78%; p value < 0.0001) and ANRIL (sensitivity 70% and specificity 60%; p value < 0.0001) w.r.t distant organ metastases.
Breast Neoplasms/blood , RNA, Long Noncoding/blood , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , RNA, Long Noncoding/biosynthesis
The objective of this study was to improve the dissolution and solubility of dexibuprofen (DEX) using hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin (HPßCD) inclusion complexes and also to evaluate the effect of presence of hydrophilic polymers on solubilization efficiency of HPßCD. Three different methods (physical trituration, kneading and solvent evaporation) were used to prepare binary inclusion complexes at various drug-to-cyclodextrin weight ratios. An increase in solubility and drug release was observed with the kneading (KN) method at a DEX/HPßCD (1:4) weight ratio. The addition of hydrophilic polymers poloxamer-188 (PXM-188) and poloxamer-407 (PXM-407) at 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20% w/w enhanced the complexation efficiency and solubility of DEX/HPßCD significantly. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that DEX was successfully incorporated into the cyclodextrin cavity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) revealed less crystallinity of the drug and its entrapment in the cyclodextrin molecular cage. The addition of PXM-188 or PXM-407 reduced the strength of the DEX endothermic peak. With the addition of hydrophilic polymers, sharp and intense peaks of DEX disappeared. Finally, it was concluded that PXM-188 at a weight ratio of 10.0% w/w was the best candidate for improving solubility, stability and release rate of DEX.
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) total antibodies in the north, middle, and south regions of West Bank and the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (IgA, IgM, and IgG) in the Palestinian population. This was a cross-sectional study. The serological and epidemiological data of 1269 persons were assessed. Participants were selected randomly among primary health care center attendees in Palestine between November 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020. All serum samples were tested for total antibodies using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. IgM, IgG, and IgA-specific antibody titers were measured using ELISA. The overall prevalence (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies and specific antibodies were estimated. A multivariate regression model was used to assess the predictive factors for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 24·0% (95% CI, 21·7%-26·5%). Seroprevalence was significantly higher among people living in south West Bank (adjusted Odds ratio [aOR], 2·22; 95% CI: 1·58-3·11), people who had COVID-19 symptoms (aOR, 3·92; 95% CI, 2·83-5·43), people with a COVID-19 contact history (aOR, 1·44; 95% CI, 1·03-2·03), patients with hypertension (aOR, 1·57; 95% CI, 1·06-2·33), and non-smokers (aOR, 0·47; 95% CI, 0·31-0·72). A total of 171 blood samples from SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were chosen at random for additional serological testing. Specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies were positive in 14·0% (95% CI, 9·2%-20·2%), 88·3% (82·5%-92·7%), and 42·1% (34·6%-59·9%) of the samples, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were common among PHC center attendees and were significantly associated to sex, smoking, and COVID-19 contact history. However, considering that almost three-quarters of this population remains susceptible, maintaining public health measures and encouraging access to immunization is critical in protecting this population.
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Arabs , COVID-19 Serological Testing , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2/metabolism , Adult , Aged , COVID-19/blood , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence
@#Ectopic pregnancy is an extra-uterine pregnancy and is a potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to death from intra-peritoneal hemorrhage. This case reports a rare occurrence of ruptured tubal pregnancy in which the patient presented early with abdominal pain and a negative urine pregnancy test but subsequently presented again with evidence of intra-peritoneal hemorrhage. A negative urine pregnancy test is often used to rule out pregnancy, but it is not 100% sensitive. Complete assessment is critical in this important diagnosis in order to plan for the appropriate emergency management.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the various lasers in dentistry and to investigate if it can be used for treatment of refractory periodontitis. METHODS: The study followed partially the PRISMA guidelines as it is a narrative review. A number of articles were selected from a period of 1980 to 2020 from databases, PubMed, PubMed central, Cochrane and Scopus. Articles related to the effects of lasers on periodontitis both refractory and aggressive were investigated. RESULTS: After reviewing the literature, 70 articles were found, related to application of lasers in periodontal diseases. Out of the 70, 11 articles pertained to the effect of laser for the treatment of Refractory and inflammatory periodontitis. 5 articles related to experimental animal models, one pertaining to in-vitro and six studies related to in-vivo in human cohorts. DISCUSSION: It was found that lasers if used in controlled parameters by incorporating laser assisted treatment such as Photodynamic therapy and low level laser therapy can be of use as an adjunct therapy for treatment of refractory periodontitis. The use of different wavelengths in the initial and maintenance phase of periodontal disease plays a positive role. The presence of in-vitro and animal model studies is one of the limitation to this study. The available studies have shown marked reduction in inflammation and better clinical and microbiological parameters. The drawback of this study is the limited literature involving laser management for refractory periodontitis in human cohorts. CONCLUSION: Different wavelengths of laser and choice of laser assisted periodontal treatment plays an important role in the overall progress and prognosis of periodontal disease activity.
INTRODUCTION: Giant bladder uric acid stone cases that have more than 4 cm in diameters and weighing more than 100 g are considered rare. PRESENTATION OF CASES: At the end of 2019, two men presented with chronic lower abdominal pain since five years ago. Abdominal radiography found a giant opaque mass inside the bladder. Open suprapubic cystolithotomy was performed by a general surgeon. Both giant bladder stones were extracted and measured approximately 11 × 7 × 6 cm and 500 g in weight. More than 80 % of stone composition was uric acid. Neither of the patients developed severe complications after the procedure. DISCUSSION: Our patients had a history of prolonged sun exposure related to occupation and high protein intake. Benign prostatic hyperplasia as a major underlying cause for stone formation was not found in the digital rectal examination. Prostatectomy was not performed. Uric acid stone is common in Southeast Asia, with a multifactorial pathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: Open suprapubic cystolithotomy is the best method to extract giant bladder stones in limited settings in the rural areas of Indonesia. It was likely that the most important factors associated with the stone formation were the climate and dietary habits. The findings showed that pathogenesis of bladder stone formation and particularly, uric acid bladder stone is still not clearly understood.
Glenoid perforation is not the intended consequence of the surgery and must be avoided. The analysis on biomechanical aspect of glenoid vault perforation remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of glenoid perforation towards stress distribution and micromotion at the interfaces. Eight glenoid implant models had been constructed with various size, number and type of fixation. A load of 750 N was applied to centre, superior-anterior and superior-posterior area. Implant perforation had minimal impact on stress distribution and micromotion at the interfaces. However, cement survival rate for implant without perforation was the highest with a difference of up to 37% compared to other perforated models. Besides that, implant fixation and high stresses at the implant had more of an impact on implant instability than implant perforation. As a conclusion, glenoid perforation did not influence the stress distribution and micromotion, but, it reduced cement survival rate and increase the stress critical volume.
Arthroplasty, Replacement, Shoulder , Computer Simulation , Joint Prosthesis , Motion , Shoulder Joint/surgery , Spontaneous Perforation/surgery , Stress, Mechanical , Biomechanical Phenomena , Finite Element Analysis , Humans , Probability , Prosthesis Design
PURPOSE: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) screening among Palestinian diabetic patients is limited. To improve the care of our patients, we explored the barriers to DR screening with a qualitative study. METHODS: Three focus groups were conducted in the northern West Bank. Patients noncompliant with DR screening were recruited from Primary Health Care clinics. Questions were adapted from similar published studies. Informed consent was obtained and group discussions were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed for themes by three researchers. RESULTS: Most patients reported financial barriers including the costs of the exam and additional treatments, and transportation to the referral clinic. System related issues were the difficulty of getting appointments and long wait times due to inadequate numbers of ophthalmologists or screening facilities, and physicians failing to recommend screening. Personal concerns related to patients having other priorities, fears about the results, and the negative experiences of family members. Finally, cultural aspects included the stigma of wearing glasses and not doing a test for a condition without symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Barriers to completing retinopathy screening are multidimensional with financial, personal, educational, health system, and cultural factors. These should be taken into consideration by policy makers in order to increase the uptake and quality of service.
Intact glenoid labrum is one of passive stabilizer for glenohumeral joint, which have various stiffness at different region. The aim of this study is to develop new artificial glenoid labrum from Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) hydrogel, which known as good biomaterial due to its biocompatibility and ability to tailor its modulus. PVA hydrogel was formed using freeze-thaw (FT) method and the stiffness of PVA was controlled by manipulating the concentration of PVA and number of FT cycles. Then, the gradual stiffness was formed using simple diffusion method by introducing the pre-freeze-and-thaw steps. The results showed 20% PVA with three FT cycles suit to highest stiffness of glenoid labrum while 10% PVA with three FT cycles suit to lowest stiffness of glenoid labrum. The functionally graded PVA hydrogel was then developed using the same method by diffusing two mixture (20% PVA and 10% PVA). Mechanical compression test showed, the highest modulus (0.41â¯MPa) found at the 20% PVA region and lowest modulus (0.1â¯MPa) found at 10% PVA region. While, at intermediate region, the compressive modulus was in between 20% and 10%, 0.2â¯MPa. The existence of gradual stiffness was further prove by checking crystallinity of material at each region using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Wide Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD). Microstructure of material was obtained from Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). This functionally graded PVA hydrogel also able to reduce about 51% of stress at glenoid implant and up to 17% for micromotion at the interfaces. Existence of artificial glenoid labrum could minimize the occurrence of glenoid component loosening.
Biomimetic Materials , Freezing , Polyvinyl Alcohol , Shoulder Joint , Compressive Strength , Materials Testing
@#Topical corticosteroids are common medications prescribed for skin problems encountered in the primary care or dermatology clinic settings. As skin conditions comprise of around 20% of cases seen in primary care, this article written to guide readers, especially non-dermatologists on the appropriate potency of topical corticosteroids to be chosen for skin problems of patients and to list the side effects both local and systemic
Abstract@#Cases of penile siliconoma are unusual and less commonly present to medical practitioners. The siliconoma is a subsequence of injecting high viscous solution into the penis; commonly sillicone with the aim to enhance its size and performance. This case will look at a patient who developed penile siliconoma after a dubious penile implant injection gone wrong. It will also look at what surgical options are available to the unfortunate patients to ease their suffering. Physician should have a high index of suspicion on the use of such substances to enhance sexual performances in patients presenting with atypical penile swelling.
The present study was conducted to compare the stability of four commercially available implants by investigating the focal stress distributions and relative micromotion using finite element analysis. Variations in the numbers of pegs between the implant designs were tested. A load of 750 N was applied at three different glenoid positions (SA: superior-anterior; SP: superior-posterior; C: central) to mimic off-center and central loadings during activities of daily living. Focal stress distributions and relative micromotion were measured using Marc Mentat software. The results demonstrated that by increasing the number of pegs from two to five, the total focal stress volumes exceeding 5 MPa, reflecting the stress critical volume (SCV) as the threshold for occurrence of cement microfractures, decreased from 8.41 to 5.21 % in the SA position and from 9.59 to 6.69 % in the SP position. However, in the C position, this change in peg number increased the SCV from 1.37 to 5.86 %. Meanwhile, micromotion appeared to remain within 19-25 µm irrespective of the number of pegs used. In conclusion, four-peg glenoid implants provide the best configuration because they had lower SCV values compared with lesser-peg implants, preserved more bone stock, and reduced PMMA cement usage compared with five-peg implants.
Finite Element Analysis , Glenoid Cavity/physiology , Joint Prosthesis , Prosthesis Design , Range of Motion, Articular/physiology , Stress, Mechanical , Bone Cements/pharmacology , Glenoid Cavity/drug effects , Range of Motion, Articular/drug effects , Weight-Bearing
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous coronary interventions are almost always preceded by the loading dose of platelets inhibiter drugs such as clopidogrel or prasugrel and followed by maintenance therapy to decrease the mortality and morbidity due to stent thrombosis. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of clopidogrel and prasugrel for inhibiting platelet aggregation among patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial study was done in Department of Cardiology, Postgraduate Medical Institute Govt. Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. A total of 148 patients were randomly allocated to either group-A containing 74 patients using clopidogrel or group-B containing 74 patients using prasugrel RESULTS: Group-A had 55 (74.3%) male and 19 (25.7%) females while group-B had 56(75.7%) males and 18 (24.3%) females (p=0.85). Mean age was 54.9 +/- 11.2 years in group-A and was 57.7 +/- 8.7 years in group-B (p=0.09). Mean body weight was 71.8?6.4 Kg in group-A and 70.8 +/- 6.3 Kg in group-B (p=0.35). Mean Baseline platelet aggregation before drug administration was 10.43 +/- 1.9 ohm in group-A while 10.12 +/- 2.2 ohm in group-B (p=0.36). Mean Follow up platelet aggregation 6 hours after drug administration was 5.88 +/- 2.9 in group-A while it was 3.47 +/- 1.8 ohm in group-B (p=0.001). Mean Difference between basal and follow up platelet aggregation +/-SD was 52.9649 +/- 24.77 in group-A while it was 82.25 +/- 14.34 in group-B (p=0.001). 63(85.15%) of group-A had inhibition of platelets aggregation >10% as compare to 72(97.3%) of group-B had inhibition of platelets aggregation >10% (p=0.009). CONCLUSION: Prasugrel is more efficacious than clopidogrel in term of inhibition of platelets aggregation.
Angina, Unstable/surgery , Coronary Restenosis/prevention & control , Elective Surgical Procedures , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , Piperazines/administration & dosage , Thiophenes/administration & dosage , Ticlopidine/analogs & derivatives , Angina, Unstable/diagnostic imaging , Clopidogrel , Coronary Angiography , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Prasugrel Hydrochloride , Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage , Retrospective Studies , Stents , Ticlopidine/administration & dosage , Treatment Outcome
BACKGROUND: Increased body weight is a major risk factor for the metabolic syndrome which is a cluster of coronary heart disease risk factors, like: hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidaemia. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of abdominal obesity and diabetes mellitus in the population of Peshawar and association between them. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study, performed by the Cardiology Department, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, in the population of Peshawar. All participants were interviewed in detail regarding known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Waist circumference (≥102 cm in male and ≥88 cm in females) was used as the surrogate marker for abdominal obesity in already diagnosed patients of type-2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: A total of 2548 individuals were included, 71.1% were male. Mean age was 37.94±12.59 years. Mean waist circumference was 90.25±13.45cm in males and 90.52±12.52cm in females. Diabetes was present in 4.4% of the participants and abdominal obesity in 56.6% Among the male, abdominal obesity was present in 39.4% and diabetes in 2.9%. Out of 39.4% males with abdominal obesity, 2% were diabetic. Out of 38.6% males with no abdominal obesity, 0.9% was diabetic. Amongst the total 559 (21.1%) female subjects, 17.2% were having abdominal obesity and 1.4% was diabetics. Among 123 (4.8%) females with no abdominal obesity, 0.1% was diabetic. A positive association was established between abdominal obesity and diabetes mellitus with a significant p-valve (<0.05). CONCLUSION: Abdominal obesity is more common in the local population of Peshawar and associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Obesity, Abdominal/epidemiology , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Pakistan/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Waist Circumference
