Task-Incremental Learning for Drone Pilot Identification Scheme.

With the maturity of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technology and the development of Industrial Internet of Things, drones have become an indispensable part of intelligent transportation systems. Due to the absence of an effective identification scheme, most commercial drones suffer from impersonation attacks during their flight procedure. Some pioneering works have already attempted to validate the pilot's legal status at the beginning and during the flight time. However, the off-the-shelf pilot identification scheme can not adapt to the dynamic pilot membership management due to a lack of extensibility. To address this challenge, we propose an incremental learning-based drone pilot identification scheme to protect drones from impersonation attacks. By utilizing the pilot temporal operational behavioral traits, the proposed identification scheme could validate pilot legal status and dynamically adapt newly registered pilots into a well-constructed identification scheme for dynamic pilot membership management. After systemic experiments, the proposed scheme was capable of achieving the best average identification accuracy with 95.71% on P450 and 94.23% on S500. With the number of registered pilots being increased, the proposed scheme still maintains high identification performance for the newly added and the previously registered pilots. Owing to the minimal system overhead, this identification scheme demonstrates high potential to protect drones from impersonation attacks.

Omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. It is unclear if the change of omega-3 index will affect T2D. Aiming of the present systematic review was to elucidate the correlation between omega-3 index and T2D. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science (from 1948 to May 2021) was conducted. The overall effect size (standard mean difference) was combined using a random-effect model. RESULTS: Eight eligible case-control studies were identified, and there were 1,357 patients with T2D and 1,616 non-diabetic controls. The result showed that the omega-3 index was significantly lower in diabetic cases than that in controls (SMD= -1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.40, -1.22), but with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 99.0%). In subgroup analysis based on race, a negative correlation was found in Asians (SMD = -1.71; 95% CI: -1.82, -1.60), and heterogeneity was substantially decreased (I2=0). CONCLUSIONS: omega-3 index is negatively correlated with T2D, which indicated that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids might have beneficial on T2D prevention.

[Analysis on clinical characteristics of patients undergoing CPR in department of emergency and factors influencing the success of resuscitation].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical data and characteristics of patients undergoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the emergency department and the factors affecting the success of resuscitation, so as to allocate medical resources in emergency department, improve the CPR process and increase the success rate of CPR. METHODS: 538 patients with cardiac arrest who were registered by Utstein in the emergency department of the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin from December 2009 to December 2019 were selected as study subjects. The clinical data and characteristics were analyzed. According to whether the resuscitation was successful, the patients were divided into successful group and failed group, and the factors influencing success of resuscitation were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 538 patients were enrolled in this study, with an average age of (65.53±15.56) years old. The number of patients aged 71-80 years old was the largest (145 cases, 27.0%), followed by those aged 61-70 years old (105 cases, 19.5%) and 51-60 years old (99 cases, 18.4%). The main causes of cardiac arrest were acute myocardial infarction in 203 cases (37.7%), unknown causes in 77 cases (14.3%) and other cardiac causes in 61 cases (11.3%). The initial types of heart rhythm were no pulse electrical activity (215 cases, 40.0%) and cardiac arrest (179 cases, 33.3%). In this study, 195 patients were resuscitated successfully, and the success rate of recovery was 36.2%. Compared with the successful group, the time of onset to resuscitation (minutes: 14.94±1.03 vs. 9.02±1.05), start time of epinephrine application (minutes: 8.50±0.02 vs. 4.21±0.16), time of onset to endotracheal intubation success (minutes: 9.56±1.87 vs. 5.86±0.84) and total duration of CPR (minutes: 48.75±1.73 vs. 35.39±2.51) in the failed group were significantly prolonged (all P < 0.05), and the cumulative epinephrine dosage was significantly increased (mg: 8.48±4.81 vs. 6.31±4.86, P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the location of onset and main causes of cardiac arrest between the two groups (both P < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in gender, age, initial heart rate type and the proportion of defibrillation (all P > 0.05). Binary Logistic analysis showed that the time from onset to resuscitation [odds ratio (OR) = 1.763, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.713-1.804, P = 0.000], cumulative dosage of epinephrine (OR = 1.759, 95%CI was 1.708-1.765, P = 0.000), time of onset to endotracheal intubation success (OR = 1.023, 95%CI was 0.988-1.047, P = 0.008) and start time of epinephrine use (OR = 1.819, 95%CI was 1.785-1.946, P = 0.002) were risk factors for successful resuscitation (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiogenic disease is the main cause of cardiac arrest, and the time from onset to resuscitation, cumulative dosage of epinephrine, success time of endotracheal intubation and time of epinephrine application are independent factors influencing the success of resuscitation in department of emergency.

[Comparison of different criteria to evaluate acute kidney injury and determine short-term prognosis of patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the acute kidney injury classification systems of RIFLE,AKIN,KDIGO and conventional criteria for determining prognosis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) patients. METHODS: Patients with ACLF admitted to our hospital between July 2008 and March 2014 were enrolled in the study. The incidence, stages, and outcomes of acute kidney injury were determined according to the RIFLE, AKIN,KDIGO and conventional criteria.ROC curves were generated to compare the predictive ability for 30-day mortality of the four systems.Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for statistical analyses, as well. RESULTS: All four classification systems detected acute kidney injury among the patients in the study population (n =358), but the detection rates were not consistent (expressed as % of total): KDIGO criteria: 45.0%, AKIN: 38.8%, rIFLE: 35.5%, conventional criterion: 20.4%. The KDIGO and AKIN criteria showed higher sensitivity (72%), especially to early kidney injury, but the conventional criterion showed higher specificity (92%). The AUC for 30-day mortality was highest for the conventional criteria (0.75), followed by AKIN (0.72), rIFLE (0.70) and KDIGO (0.69) (all, P less than 0.05). In-hospital mortality increased with severity of AKI in a stepwise manner. CONCLUSION: Among the four common evaluation systems for acute kidney injury, the conventional criteria has the highest specificity for predicting short-term prognosis of patients with ACLF, while the AKIN and KDIGO criteria have the highest sensitivity for the presence of acute kidney injury, especially at the early stage.

Elevated mean platelet volume is associated with poor short-term outcomes in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: It has been shown that mean platelet volume (MPV) can be used as a prognostic biomarker in some chronic diseases. The aim of the present study is to investigate the possible association between MPV and clinical outcome and prognosis in patients with HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) within 4 weeks. METHODS: This study included 64 patients with HBV-ACLF, 19 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients, 27 patients with hepatitis B-related cirrhosis (CR, Child-Pugh A/B), 51 healthy subjects (healthy controls [HC]). The complete blood counts and biochemical examination of blood were obtained after 12h of fasting. In the ACLF group, the relationships between the prognosis and the MPV were analyzed. RESULTS: At baseline, a statistically significant increase in MPV was shown in patients with ACLF (median 9.5, range 7.1-14.1) compared with HC (8.0, 7.2-11.9, P<0.001), CR (8.4, 5.9-11.1, P<0.001) and CHB (8.3, 7.3-12.0, P<0.001). The MPV value was positively correlated with model of end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and international normalized ratio (INR). The MPV level was significantly increased in nonsurvivors than survivors. High MPV level showed a significantly lower survival rate (P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that only MPV level was independent factor predicting poor short-term outcomes. CONCLUSION: MPV values at presentation were higher among nonsurvivors than survivors, and this parameter was well correlated with liver function parameters and may be used as a predictor for 4-week mortality rate in patients with HBV-ACLF.