Multifunctional type lll recombinant human collagen incorporated sodium alginate hydrogel with sustained release of extra cellular vehicles for wound healing multimodal therapy in diabetic mice.

The effective promotion of wound healing poses a substantial challenge for clinical treatment. Despite evidence supporting the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in this process, their therapeutic potential is currently restrict by challenges in targeting and maintaining them. The manufacturing process for rhCol III, or recombinant human collagen III, is stable, and the rejection rate is low. We used a cross-linking method to prepare a rhCol III incorporated sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel, which enabled to accomplish an EV sustained release that was site-specific. Cell viability through MTT assay, proliferation and ROS generation were performed with MC3T3-E1cell lines. In addition, diabetic wounds are characterised by an environment of hyper-inflammation and elevated oxidative stress. The rhCol III/SA-EVs hydrogel, which is a delivery vehicle with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant characteristics, promotes wound healing in this setting. The In vivo effectiveness of the created wound dressing on a diabetic wound model was examined in this study. After 21 days of treatment, the wound dressing significantly (p < 0.05) expedited wound healing compared to the control group, and wound closure was approximately 95% without any negative systemic reactions.

A Focused Review on Molecular Signalling Mechanisms of Ginsenosides Anti-Lung Cancer and Anti-inflammatory Activities.

BACKGROUND: Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) is a cultivated medicinal herb that has been widely available in the Asian region since the last century. Ginseng root is used worldwide in Oriental medicine. Currently, the global mortality and infection rates for lung cancer and inflammation are significantly increasing. Therefore, various preventative methods related to the activity of ginsenosides have been used for lung cancer as well as inflammation. METHODS: Web-based searches were performed on Web of Science, Springer, PubMed, and Scopus. A cancer statistical analysis was also conducted to show the current ratio of affected cases and death from lung cancer around the world. RESULTS: Ginsenosides regulate the enzymes that participate in tumor growth and migration, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signalregulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), the gelatinase network metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2/9) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In addition, ginsenosides also possess anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the formation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α) (TNF-α) and interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and controlling the activities of inflammatory signalling pathways, such as NF-κB, Janus kinase2/signal transducer, and activator of transcription 3 (Jak2/Stat3). CONCLUSION: In several in vitro and in vivo models, P. ginseng showed potential beneficial effects in lung cancer and inflammation treatment. In this review, we provide a detailed and up-to-date summary of research evidence for antilung cancer and anti-inflammatory protective effects of ginsenosides and their potential molecular mechanisms.

Role of Ginsenosides in Browning of White Adipose Tissue to Combat Obesity: A Narrative Review on Molecular Mechanism.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Adipose tissue play an important role in the regulation of energy balance and homeostasis. Two main types of adipose tissue are found in mammals, white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT acts as energy storage in the form of triglycerides; excess WAT is a cause of overweight and obesity. Conversely, BAT works by dissipating energy as heat, which may facilitate the suppression of obesity and play a vital role in maintaining core body temperature. Recently a new type of adipocyte has been introduced: beige or brite adipocytes. This adipocyte has morphological and functional similarities to BAT but, developmentally, it is more closely related to WAT. In response to appropriate stimuli, WAT deposits can take on characteristics like BAT and act as beige or brite adipocyte, through a process called "browning." Browning has become a promising therapeutic target for obesity due to its fat-burning potential. METHODS: Searches were carried out using MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The in vivo and in vitro mechanisms of ginsenosides related to beige adipocytes were also included. RESULTS: In this review, we found a considerable number of articles suggesting that the anti-obesity action of ginsenosides might be related to WAT browning and discussed the possible mechanisms for this. CONCLUSION: Current evidence from the in vitro and in vivo studies strongly supports that ginsenosides may play a significant role in the browning of WAT. The browning effects of ginsenosides are associated with various signaling pathways, markers, and transcription factors. In conclusion, ginsenosides may help counteract obesity by promoting the browning of WAT.

Nitrate removal from low C/N wastewater at low temperature by immobilized Pseudomonas sp. Y39-6 with versatile nitrate metabolism pathways.

For solving the challenge in nitrate removal from low C/N wastewater at low temperature, Pseudomonas sp. Y39-6 was isolated and used in nitrate removal. It showed aerobic-heterotrophic denitrification with rate of 1.77 ± 0.31 mg/L·h and unusual aerobic-autotrophic nitrate removal (rate of 0.324 mg/L·h). The aerobic-autotrophic nitrate removal mechanisms were deep investigated by analyzing the nitrate removal process and genomic information. At aerobic-autotrophic condition, the strain Y39-6 could assimilate nitrate to amino acid (NO3- + PHA + CO2 â†’ C5H7O2N) with the carbon source from Polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) degradation and CO2 fixation. Flagella motivation, swarming activity and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production regulated Pseudomonas sp. Y39-6 forming biofilm. Carriers immobilized with Pseudomonas sp. Y39-6 were used in moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) and achieved 24.83% nitrate removal at C/N < 1 and 4 °C. Results of this study provided a practical way for nitrogen removal from low C/N wastewater in cold region.

Dendropanax Morbifera Extract-Mediated ZnO Nanoparticles Loaded with Indole-3-Carbinol for Enhancement of Anticancer Efficacy in the A549 Human Lung Carcinoma Cell Line.

Dendropanax morbifera is a versatile plant that has been used as a herbal medicine due to its various useful medicinal effects. To protect its active component from biological stress and increase its drug efficacy as well as drug bioavailability, nanoemulsion was prepared. Dendropanax morbifera zinc oxide nanoparticles (DM-ZnO NPs) were synthesized using the plant extract via the co-precipitation method and loaded with active indole-3-carbinol for nanoemulsion formulation using the ultrasonication process. Field emission transmission electron microscope revealed the flower shape of the Dendropanax morbifera indole-3-carbinol zinc oxide nanoemulsion (DM-ZnO-I3C-NE). In contrast, DM-ZnO NPs showed a spheroid shape that coincides agreeably with field emission electron scanning microscope. The hydrodynamic sizes by dynamic light scattering are about 65 ± 3 nm and 239.6 ± 6 nm and the crystallite sizes from X-ray diffraction are 11.52 nm and 16.07 nm for DM-ZnO NPs and DM-ZnO-I3C-NE, respectively. In vitro analysis revealed the cytotoxicity of DM-ZnO-I3C-NE against a human lung cancer cell line (A549) at 12.5 µg/mL as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The DM-ZnO-I3C-NE-induced ROS generation level was higher than that of DM-ZnO NPs and free indole-3-carbinol. The synergistic effect of DM-ZnO and indole-3-carbinol indicates DM-ZnO-I3C-NE as a potential candidate for future lung cancer drug and could be scope for functional food.

Lysobacter panacihumi sp. nov., isolated from ginseng cultivated soil.

A Gram-negative, non-motile, aerobic, catalase-, and oxidasepositive bacterial strain, designated DCY117T, was isolated from ginseng cultivated soil in Gochang-gun, Republic of Korea, and was characterized taxonomically using a multifaceted approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY117T showed highest similarity to Lysobacter ruishenii CTN-1T (95.3%). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that closely related relatives of strain DCY117T were L. aestuarii S2-CT (95.1%), L. daejeonensis GH1-9T (95.0%), and L. caeni BUT-8T (94.9%). Diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were the major polar lipids of strain DCY117T. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major cellular fatty acids of strain DCY117T were iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17:1ω9c and/or 10-methyl-C16:0). Genomic DNA G + C content was 61.8 mol%. On the basis of our findings, strain DCY117T is a novel species in the genus Lysobacter. We propose the name Lysobacter panacihumi sp. nov., and the type strain is DCY117T (= KCTC 62019T = JCM 32168T).

Caspase-3/MAPK pathways as main regulators of the apoptotic effect of the phyto-mediated synthesized silver nanoparticle from dried stem of Eleutherococcus senticosus in human cancer cells.

Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) was used for the synthesis of an ecofriendly silver nanoparticle (Sg-AgNP), which has exhibited antibacterial, antioxidant effect and lower cytotoxicity to normal cells in comparison to human cancer cells. Although, the potential anticancer activity of Sg-AgNP has not been determined. In this study, two cancer cell lines were used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effect of Sg-AgNP along with the determination of the role of the Caspase-3 / p38 MAPK pathways. Results shown that Sg-AgNP reduced the cell viability of colon cancer cells HT29 and lung cancer cells A549. The cytotoxic effect was higher than the effect exhibited by a commercial silver nanoparticle and Cisplatin. Reactive oxygen species were observed to be superior in both cell lines in the presence of Sg-AgNPs than c-AgNPs and Cisplatin. It was observed an activation of MAPK14 gene and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK protein in both cell lines induced by Sg-AgNPs treatment. Furthermore, induction of morphological changes in the nucleus was done by Sg-AgNPs at 10 µg/mL in both cell lines. On the other hands, the activation of CASP3 gene and Caspase-3 protein was observed in HT29 cells but only at protein level in A549 cells. These results, suggest that Sg-AgNPs anticancer potential activity might be linked to the induction of apoptosis though the generation of ROS by activation of the Caspase-3/p38 MAPK pathway.