[Wireless Pulse Wave Monitoring System Based on Reflective Flexible Probe and AFE4490].

Pulse rate and blood oxygen levels are crucial physiological parameters that reflect physiological and pathological information within the human body. The system designs a wireless pulse wave monitoring system utilizing a flexible reflective probe and the AFE4490, which is capable of monitoring pulse wave and blood oxygen levels on the human forehead. The system is predominantly based on a reflective flexible probe, the AFE4490, a power supply module, a control microcontroller unit (MCU), and a Wi-Fi module. Post-processing by a slave computer, the collected pulse wave data is wirelessly transmitted to a smartphone. The real-time pulse waveform, pulse rate, and blood oxygen levels are displayed on an application. Following relevant tests and verifications, the system can accurately detect pulse wave signals, meet the requirements for wearable technology, and possesses significant market application potential.

[Research Progress on End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide Detection Technology Based on Non-Dispersive Infrared Method].

The concentration of end-tidal carbon dioxide is one of the important indicators for evaluating whether the human respiratory system is normal. Accurately detecting of end-tidal carbon dioxide is of great significance in clinical practice. With the continuous promotion of the localization of end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring technology, its application in clinical practice in China has become increasingly widespread in recent years. The study is based on the non-dispersive infrared method and comprehensively elaborates on the detection principle, gas sampling methods, key technologies, and technological progress of end-tidal carbon dioxide detection technology. It comprehensively introduces the current development status of this technology and provides reference for application promotion and further improvement.

Increased Attenuation of Intestinal Contents at CT Indicates Bowel Necrosis in Closed-Loop Small Bowel Obstruction.

Background Preoperative recognition of irreversible bowel necrosis is important, as it provides valuable guidance for surgical strategy selection but also may inform perioperative risk assessment and communication. Few studies have focused on the association between CT signs and bowel necrosis. Purpose To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CT signs to predict bowel necrosis in patients with closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO). Materials and Methods This retrospective single-center study included patients who were surgically confirmed to have CL-SBO caused by adhesion or internal hernia between January 2016 and May 2022. Necrosis was determined based on surgical exploration and postoperative pathologic examination. Two radiologists independently reviewed CT signs by both subjective visual assessment and objective measurement. Disagreements were resolved in consensus with a third gastrointestinal radiologist. Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to assess the association between CT signs and bowel necrosis, and Cohen κ was used to assess interobserver agreement. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each CT sign. Results This study included 145 patients: 61 (42.1%) in the necrotic group (median age, 62 years [IQR, 51-71.5 years]; 37 [60.7%] women) and 84 (57.9%) in the nonnecrotic group (median age, 61.5 years [IQR, 51-68.8 years]; 51 [60.7%] women). Univariable analysis and multivariable analysis showed that increased attenuation of intestinal contents and increased attenuation of intestinal wall were independent predictors for bowel necrosis (odds ratio = 45.3 and 15.1; P = .001 and P < .001, respectively). Increased attenuation of intestinal contents and increased attenuation of intestinal wall had similar sensitivity (64% and 67%, respectively) and specificity (99% and 92%, respectively) for predicting bowel necrosis. However, interobserver agreement was better for assessing the contents than the wall (κ = 0.84 and 0.59, respectively). Conclusion Increased attenuation of intestinal contents was a highly specific CT sign with good reproducibility to predict bowel necrosis in CL-SBO. © RSNA, 2024 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Taourel and Zins in this issue.

Prediction of bowel necrosis by reduced bowel wall enhancement in closed-loop small bowel obstruction: Quantitative methods.

PURPOSE: To assess diagnostic performance and reproducibility of reduced bowel wall enhancement evaluated by quantitative methods using CT to identify bowel necrosis among closed-loop small bowel obstruction (CL-SBO) patients. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included patients who diagnosed with CL-SBO caused by adhesion or internal hernia during January 2016 and May 2022. Patients were divided into necrotic group (n = 41) and non-necrotic group (n = 67) according to surgical exploration and postoperative pathology. Two doctors independently measured the attenuation of bowel wall and consensus was reached through panel discussion with a third gastrointestinal radiologist. Reduced bowel wall enhancement was assessed by four quantitative methods. Univariate analyses were used to evaluate the association between each method and bowel necrosis, and kappa/intraclass correlation coefficient values were used to assess interobserver agreement. Diagnostic performance parameters were calculated for each method. RESULTS: Reduced bowel wall enhancement in arterial phase (OR 8.98, P < 0.0001), reduced bowel wall enhancement in portal phase (OR 16.84, P < 0.001), adjusted reduced bowel wall enhancement in arterial phase (OR 29.48, P < 0.001), adjusted reduced bowel wall enhancement in portal phase (OR 145.69, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with bowel necrosis. Adjusted reduced bowel wall enhancement in portal phase had the best diagnostic performance (AUC: 0.92; Youden index: 0.84; specificity: 94.03 %) and interobserver agreement (kappa value of 0.59-0.73) to predict bowel necrosis. CONCLUSION: When assessing reduced bowel enhancement to predict bowel necrosis among CL-SBO patients, using unenhanced CT images and proximal dilated loop as standard references in portal phase is the most accurate quantitative method among those tested.

RFX6 Maintains Gene Expression and Function of Adult Human Islet α-Cells.

Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor regulatory factor X-box binding 6 (RFX6) are associated with human diabetes. Within pancreatic islets, RFX6 expression is most abundant in islet α-cells, and α-cell RFX6 expression is altered in diabetes. However, the roles of RFX6 in regulating gene expression, glucagon output, and other crucial human adult α-cell functions are not yet understood. We developed a method for selective genetic targeting of human α-cells and assessed RFX6-dependent α-cell function. RFX6 suppression with RNA interference led to impaired α-cell exocytosis and dysregulated glucagon secretion in vitro and in vivo. By contrast, these phenotypes were not observed with RFX6 suppression across all islet cells. Transcriptomics in α-cells revealed RFX6-dependent expression of genes governing nutrient sensing, hormone processing, and secretion, with some of these exclusively expressed in human α-cells. Mapping of RFX6 DNA-binding sites in primary human islet cells identified a subset of direct RFX6 target genes. Together, these data unveil RFX6-dependent genetic targets and mechanisms crucial for regulating adult human α-cell function.

Correlation between Apolipoprotein A1 and the Occurrence and Prognosis of Cardiovascular Events in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients.

BACKGROUND: This study investigates the value of apolipoprotein A1 in assessing the occurrence and prognosis of cardiovascular events in peritoneal dialysis patients. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted based on the clinical information of 80 end-stage renal disease patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis at Zhuji People's Hospital Zhejiang Province from January 2015 to December 2016. Based on the median value of apolipoprotein A1, patients were evenly distributed as either High Apolipoprotein A1 Group (H-ApoA1, > 1.145g/L, n = 40) or Low Apolipoprotein A1 Group (L-ApoA1, < 1.145g/L, n = 40). RESULTS: When compared with the H-ApoA1 group, the L-ApoA1 group patients were observed to have higher BMI, total Kt/V, hemoglobin, AKP, glycated hemoglobin, HOMA-IR, HDL levels, while simultaneously having lower total Ccr, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, CRP levels (p < 0.05). Further analysis found that the all-cause mortality rate, cardiovascular death rate, and cardiovascular event rates were significantly higher in L-ApoA1 group patients than the H-ApoA1 group (p < 0.05); no statistical significance was found for mortality rates due to infection, abandon treatment, tumor, failure, gastrointestinal bleeding or undetermined reasons between the two groups (p > 0.05). In addition, the median all-cause mortality and median occurrence of cardiovascular events of L-ApoA1 group patients were observed to be shorter than the H-ApoA1 group (p < 0.05), and apolipoprotein A1 is a risk factor for all-cause mortality rate and cardiovascular occurrence end-point events (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Peritoneal dialysis patients with a reduced level of apolipoprotein A1 have a poorer prognosis and more severe cardiovascular events.

Integrating genetics with single-cell multiomic measurements across disease states identifies mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Dysfunctional pancreatic islet beta cells are a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms, including gene dysregulation, is lacking. Here we integrate information from measurements of chromatin accessibility, gene expression and function in single beta cells with genetic association data to nominate disease-causal gene regulatory changes in T2D. Using machine learning on chromatin accessibility data from 34 nondiabetic, pre-T2D and T2D donors, we identify two transcriptionally and functionally distinct beta cell subtypes that undergo an abundance shift during T2D progression. Subtype-defining accessible chromatin is enriched for T2D risk variants, suggesting a causal contribution of subtype identity to T2D. Both beta cell subtypes exhibit activation of a stress-response transcriptional program and functional impairment in T2D, which is probably induced by the T2D-associated metabolic environment. Our findings demonstrate the power of multimodal single-cell measurements combined with machine learning for characterizing mechanisms of complex diseases.

Integration of single-cell multiomic measurements across disease states with genetics identifies mechanisms of beta cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes.

Altered function and gene regulation of pancreatic islet beta cells is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but a comprehensive understanding of mechanisms driving T2D is still missing. Here we integrate information from measurements of chromatin activity, gene expression and function in single beta cells with genetic association data to identify disease-causal gene regulatory changes in T2D. Using machine learning on chromatin accessibility data from 34 non-diabetic, pre-T2D and T2D donors, we robustly identify two transcriptionally and functionally distinct beta cell subtypes that undergo an abundance shift in T2D. Subtype-defining active chromatin is enriched for T2D risk variants, suggesting a causal contribution of subtype identity to T2D. Both subtypes exhibit activation of a stress-response transcriptional program and functional impairment in T2D, which is likely induced by the T2D-associated metabolic environment. Our findings demonstrate the power of multimodal single-cell measurements combined with machine learning for identifying mechanisms of complex diseases.

Clinical outcomes after treatment for NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after kidney transplantation / 中华器官移植杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of ceftazidime/avibactam(CZA)plus aztreonam(ATM)for New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase(NDM)carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)infection after kidney transplantation.Methods:Clinical data are retrospectively reviewed for 11 RT recipients infected with NDM metallo-β-lactamase CRKP admitted into First Affiliated Hospital of Xi 'an Jiaotong University and Affiliated Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University from November 2018 to December 2019.Based upon treatment protocol, they are divided into two groups of ceftazidime/avibactam plus aztreonam(CZA-ATM, 5 cases)and other effective antibiotics(OAA, 6 cases).Age, gender, infection type, drug resistance gene, changes in body temperature and leucocyte count, treatment course and prognosis are summarized.Results:A total of 11 patients with NDM-producing CRKP infection after RT are recruited.There are seven males and four females with an age range of(19~66)(38.9±14.4)years.There are mixed pulmonary and urinary tract infections(3 cases), urinary tract infection(2 cases), pulmonary infection(1 case)and perirenal infection(5 cases).All isolates harbore NDM carbapenemase gene, 5 isolates carry Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase(KPC)gene and 1 isolate contained both imipenemase metallo-β-lactamase(IMP)and verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase(VIM)gene concurrently.Ceftazidime-avibactam plus aztreonam(CZA-ATM)is prescribed in five patients while the remainders receive OAA.No adverse reactions occurred in individuals on CZA-ATM and 2 cases on OAA have adverse reactions with a poor appetite and diarrhea.After 30-day infection, the curative cases of CZA-ATM and OAAs groups reach 4 and 5 respectively.No death occurred in neither groups at Day 30.And 90-day mortality is 0 and 1 respectively.Conclusions:For RT patients infected with NDM-producing CRKP, CZA-ATM combination therapy may be another effective treatment.

Topological Equivalence Theorem and Double-Copy for Chern-Simons Scattering Amplitudes.

We study the mechanism of topological mass generation for 3-dimensional Chern-Simons gauge theories and propose a brand-new topological equivalence theorem to connect scattering amplitudes of the physical gauge boson states to that of the transverse states under high-energy expansion. We prove a general energy cancelation mechanism for N-point physical gauge boson amplitudes, which predicts large cancelations of E4 - L → E(4 - L) - N at any L-loop level (L ⩾ 0). We extend the double-copy approach to construct massive graviton amplitudes and to study their structures. We newly uncovered a series of strikingly large energy cancelations E12 → E1 of the tree-level 4-graviton scattering amplitude under high-energy expansion and establish a new correspondence between the 2 energy cancelations in the topologically massive Yang-Mills gauge theory and the topologically massive gravity theory. We further study the scattering amplitudes of Chern-Simons gauge bosons and gravitons in the nonrelativistic limit.

The Tabula Sapiens: A multiple-organ, single-cell transcriptomic atlas of humans.

Molecular characterization of cell types using single-cell transcriptome sequencing is revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. We created a human reference atlas comprising nearly 500,000 cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues, and tissue-specific variation in gene expression. Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, identification of the tissue-specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. Cell type-specific RNA splicing was discovered and analyzed across tissues within an individual.

Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neoadjuvant Treatment of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors of the human digestive system. Due to its insidious onset, many patients have already lost the opportunity for radical resection upon tumor diagnosis. In recent years, neoadjuvant treatment for patients with borderline resectable PDAC has been recommended by multiple guidelines to increase the resection rate of radical surgery and improve the postoperative survival. However, further developments are required to accurately assess the tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy and to select the population suitable for such treatment. Reductions in drug toxicity and the number of neoadjuvant cycles are also critical. At present, the clinical evaluation of neoadjuvant treatment is mainly based on several serological and imaging indicators; however, the unique characteristics of PDAC and the insufficient sensitivity and specificity of the markers render this system ineffective. The imaging evaluation system, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has its own unique imaging advantages compared with computed tomography (CT) and other imaging examinations. One key advantage is the ability to reflect the changes more rapidly in tumor tissue components, such as the degree of fibrosis, microvessel density, and tissue hypoxia. It can also perform multiparameter quantitative analysis of tumor tissue and changes, attributing to its increasingly important role in imaging evaluation, and potentially the evaluation of neoadjuvant treatment of pancreatic cancer, as several current articles have studied. At the same time, owing to the complexity of MRI and some of its limitations, its wider application is limited. Compared with CT imaging, few relevant studies have been conducted. In this review article, we will investigate and summarize the advantages, limitations, and future development of MRI in the evaluation of neoadjuvant treatment of PDAC. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.

Cryopreservation and post-thaw characterization of dissociated human islet cells.

The objective of this study is to optimize the cryopreservation of dissociated islet cells and obtain functional cells that can be used in single-cell transcriptome studies on the pathology and treatment of diabetes. Using an iterative graded freezing approach we obtained viable cells after cooling in 10% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethyl starch at 1°C/min to -40°C, storage in liquid nitrogen, rapid thaw, and removal of cryoprotectants by serial dilution. The expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule declined immediately after thaw, but recovered after overnight incubation, while that of an endocrine cell marker (HPi2) remained high after cryopreservation. Patch-clamp electrophysiology revealed differences in channel activities and exocytosis of various islet cell types; however, exocytotic responses, and the biophysical properties of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels, are sustained after cryopreservation. Single-cell RNA sequencing indicates that overall transcriptome and crucial exocytosis genes are comparable between fresh and cryopreserved dispersed human islet cells. Thus, we report an optimized procedure for cryopreserving dispersed islet cells that maintained their membrane integrity, along with their molecular and functional phenotypes. Our findings will not only provide a ready source of cells for investigating cellular mechanisms in diabetes but also for bio-engineering pseudo-islets and islet sheets for modeling studies and potential transplant applications.

Should Positive Cytology Revealed by Intraoperative Lavage Preclude Radical Resection in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer?: A Systemic Review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of this review were to determine whether positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY+) precludes radical resection in pancreatic cancer and to propose prospections for future studies. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched for related articles. Dichotomous variables and survival outcomes were analyzed with the estimation of odds ratio and hazards ratio (HR), respectively. RESULTS: A total of 4905 patients were included, of which 7.8% were CY+. Positive peritoneal lavage cytology was correlated with poor overall survival (univariate survival analysis [HR, 2.35; P < 0.00001]; multivariate analysis [HR, 1.62; P < 0.00001]), poor recurrence-free survival (univariate survival analysis [HR, 2.50; P < 0.00001]; multivariate analysis [HR, 1.84; P < 0.00001]), and higher initial peritoneal recurrence rate (odds ratio, 5.49; P < 0.00001). CONCLUSIONS: Although CY+ predicts poor prognosis and a higher risk of peritoneal metastasis after curative resection, it is not sufficient to preclude curative resection based on the current evidence, and high-quality trials should be conducted to assess the prognostic impact of operation among resectable CY+ patients. In addition, more sensitive and accurate methods to detect peritoneal exfoliated tumor cells and more effective comprehensive treatment for resectable CY+ pancreatic cancer patients are clearly warranted.

Shark mouth pancreaticojejunostomy reduced the rate of clinically related pancreatic fistula: a historic cohort comparative analysis.

BACKGROUND: A novel procedure called shark mouth pancreaticojejunostomy (SMP) was developed, for the reconstruction of the pancreatic stump which has a theoretical advantage for anastomosis healing and wide applicability. METHODS: A comparative study of the patients who underwent SMP (SMP cohort) and those who underwent end-to-end dunking pancreaticojejunostomy (historic cohort) at Peking University Third Hospital was conducted. Each group was analyzed for the incidence of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) and morbidities. RESULTS: The clinicopathological data of 151 patients from the SMP cohort and 82 patients from the historic cohort were analyzed. In the SMP group, the rate of CR-POPF was 7.3% (11/151), which was significantly lower than the rate of CR-POPF in the historic group as 19.5% (16/82) (P = 0.005). The primary results were unaffected by sensitivity analyses based on several risk factors for CR-POPF. The rates of morbidities besides CR-POPF were 15.9% (24/151) in the SMP group and 17.1% (14/82) in the historic cohort (P = 0.194). The principal results were not changed by the propensity score matched (PSM) analysis. CONCLUSION: SMP is a safe and simple surgical procedure for the reconstruction of the pancreatic stump compared with end-to-end dunking pancreticojejunostomy.

Analysis of survival factors after hepatic resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases: Does the R1 margin matter?

Introduction: The effect of liver margin on colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) after hepatectomy has been controversial. In this study, we conducted a postoperative follow-up study of 205 patients with CRLM to clarify whether a positive margin is significant and to define the risk factors affecting CRLM survival. Methods: The data of 205 patients with CRLM who underwent surgical treatment at the Third Hospital of Peking University in the Department of General Surgery from January 2009 to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The general data, surgical data and postoperative follow-up of the patients were statistically analyzed. Results: There were 130 cases (63.4%) of R0 resection and 75 cases (36.6%) of R1 resection. There were 136 males and 69 females, age 61 ± 11 years, and body mass index (BMI 24.5 ± 3.3 kg/m2). The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years for the entire cohort were 93.4%, 68.4%, and 45.5% in the R0 resection group vs. 93.2%, 53.7%, and 42% in the R1 resection group, respectively, which were not statistically significant (P = 0.520). The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival rates of 63.2%, 33.3%, and 29.7% were significantly better in the R0 resection group than in the R1 resection group of 47.9%, 22.7%, and 17.7% (P = 0.016), respectively. After multivariable analysis, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) > 39 U/ml (HR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.39-3.79, P = 0.001), primary tumor perineural invasion (HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.01-3.13, P = 0.047), and BMI > 24 kg/m2 (HR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.05-2.93, P = 0.033) were independently associated with poorer overall patient survival. The number of liver metastases >2 (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.10-2.47, P = 0.016), the maximum diameter of metastases ≥50 mm (HR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.06-2.64, P = 0.026), and vascular invasion of the primary tumor (HR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.03-2.64, P = 0.038) were also independently associated with poorer disease-free survival. Conclusion: In patients undergoing hepatectomy for CRLM, the negative effect of the R1 margin should be downplayed, and although the disease-free survival of the R1 margin is shorter than that of the R0 margin, it has no impact on overall survival. To improve overall survival, extra attention should be given to the factors of preoperative BMI, preoperative CA19-9, and the presence of perineural invasion of the primary tumor.

Biomechanical Study of New Biodegradable Esophageal Stent / 中国医疗器械杂志

The radial force of the degradable esophageal stent before and after degradation is one of the important indicators for effective treatment of esophageal stricture. Based on a combination of in vitro experiments and finite element analysis, this paper studies and verifies the biomechanical properties of a new type of degradable esophageal stent under different esophageal stricture conditions. Under radial extrusion conditions, the maximum stress at the port of the stent is 65.25 MPa, and the maximum strain is 1.98%; The peak values of stress and strain under local extrusion and plane extrusion conditions both appear in the extrusion area and the compression expansion area at both ends, which are respectively 48.68 MPa, 46.40 MPa, 0.49%, 1.13%. The maximum radial force of the undegraded stent was 11.22 N, and 97% and 51% of the maximum radial force were maintained after 3 months and 6 months of degradation, respectively. The research results verify the safety and effectiveness of the radial force of the new degradable esophageal stent, and provide a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of esophageal stricture.

Composition changes reveal relationship between color and enzymatic reaction of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" process / 中国中药杂志

In this study, we employed Q Exactive to determine the main differential metabolites of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex du-ring the "sweating" process. Further, we quantified the color parameters and determined the activities of polyphenol oxidase(PPO), peroxidase(POD), and tyrosinase of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Gray correlation analysis was performed for the color, chemical composition, and enzyme activity to reveal the effect of enzymatic reaction on the color of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during the "sweating" process. Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex sweating in different manners showed similar metabolite changes. The primary metabolites that changed significantly included amino acids, nucleotides, and sugars, and the secondary metabolites with significant changes were phenols and phenylpropanoids. Despite the different sweating methods, eleven compounds were commonly up-regulated, including L-glutamic acid, acetylarginine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine; six compounds were commonly down-re-gulated, including L-arginine, L-aspartic acid, and phenylalanine. The brightness value(L~*), red-green value(a~*), and yellow-blue value(b~*) of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex kept decreasing during the "sweating" process. The changes in the activities of PPO and POD during sweating were consistent with those in the color parameter values. The gray correlation analysis demonstrated that the main differential metabolites such as amino acids and phenols were closely related to the color parameters L~*, a~* and b~*; POD was correlated with amino acids and phenols; PPO had strong correlation with phenols. The results indicated that the color change of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating" was closely related to the reactions of enzymes dominated by PPO and POD. The study analyzed the correlations among the main differential metabolites, color parameters, and enzyme activities of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex in the "sweating" process. It reveals the common law of material changes and ascertains the relationship between color changes and enzymatic reactions of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex during "sweating". Therefore, this study provides a reference for studying the "sweating" mechanism of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex and is of great significance to guarantee the quality of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex.