Psychiatric symptoms and pregnancy distress in subsequent pregnancy after spontaneous abortion history.

OBJECTIVES: Spontaneous abortion is one of the most important complications of pregnancy with short and long adverse psychological effects on women. This study assesses the implications of a spontaneous abortion history has on women's psychiatric symptoms and pregnancy distress in subsequent pregnancy less than one years after spontaneous abortion. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted on pregnant women of Babol city from September 2014 to May 2015. In this study, 100 pregnant women with spontaneous abortion history during a year ago and 100 pregnant women without spontaneous abortion history were enrolled. All the participants in two groups completed the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and pregnancy Distress Questionnaire (PDQ). RESULTS: Women with spontaneous abortion history had significantly higher mean of many subscales of SCL-90 (depression, anxiety, somatization, obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, psychoticism, hostility, paranoid, and Global Severity Index) more than women without spontaneous abortion history. Also, women with spontaneous abortion history had significantly higher mean of two subscales of PDQ concerns about birth and the baby, concerns about emotions and relationships) and total PDQ more than women without spontaneous abortion history. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women with less than a year after spontaneous abortion history are at risk of psychiatric symptoms and pregnancy distress more than controls. This study supports those implications for planning the post spontaneous abortion psychological care for women, especially women who wanted to be pregnant during 12 month after spontaneous abortion.

The efficacy of group metacognitive therapy on self-esteem and mental health of patients suffering from major depressive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The present research aims to analyze the efficacy of group metacognitive therapy (MCT) on self-esteem and mental Health of those who suffer from major depressive disorder. METHODS: The research was a randomized clinical controlled trial, using pretest and posttest with 2 months of follow-up. Twenty-two patients with major depressive disorder based on DSM-IV-TR criteria were selected through available sampling from patients of two psychiatric hospitals of Mashhad, Iran, in 2011. They were allocated randomly into two groups of trial (n = 11) and control (n = 11). Citalopram and sertraline were prescribed as antidepressant to both groups. The experimental group also attended nine 90-minute sessions of MCT (a 5-week program). Eysenck self-esteem scale (ESES) and Mental Health Checklist (MHC) were used in pretest, posttest, and follow-up as the study instrument. The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using SPSS. RESULTS: ANCOVA revealed that the patients receiving group MCT had significantly increased (p < 0.001) self-esteem in posttest, which remained significant in the follow up (p < 0.001). Moreover, mental health scores had increased in the MCT group (posttest, p < 0.001; follow up, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Group MCT has beneficial therapeutic roles in improving the self-steam and recuperation of mental health in MDD patients.