RESUMEN
Intraocular epithelial ingrowth is a rare but serious complication of eye surgery or trauma. The diagnosis is challenging but can be aided by techniques such as anterior optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). This study aimed to compare clinical and histopathological diagnostic data to evaluate the accuracy of AS-OCT. This retrospective analysis focused on patients presenting with suspected epithelial invasion between 2017 and 2022. Clinical data and histopathological findings were analyzed for diagnostic confirmation. Immunohistochemistry using the corneal-specific marker cytokeratin 3 and the conjunctival-specific marker cytokeratin 13 helped to identify the type of invading epithelial cells. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the effectiveness of AS-OCT for diagnosis. This study included 51 patients who underwent keratoplasty or enucleation. Sixteen cases (31%) of epithelial ingrowth were histologically confirmed. The most common type was the cystic form (82%). Enucleation was required in 25% of patients, mainly due to diffuse epithelial invasion. Immunohistochemistry revealed a conjunctival origin in 82% of the infiltrated cells. AS-OCT showed a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 26% in detecting hyperreflective structures associated with epithelial invasion. This study highlights the diverse manifestations of epithelial ingrowth and the need for improved diagnostic techniques, with AS-OCT showing promising results but requiring further validation to avoid misdiagnosis.
RESUMEN
This study investigates the possible toxic effects of the preoperative antiseptic substances povidone iodine (PVI) and polyhexanide (PHMB; Serasept® 2) on wound healing in ophthalmology. To assess this impact, human telomerase-immortalized corneal epithelial (hTCEpi) cells and human telomerase-immortalized conjunctival epithelial (hCjE) cells were exposed to 1% and 5% PVI or 0.04% PHMB for different periods to evaluate the cytotoxicity of these two antiseptics. Furthermore, the toxicity of these antiseptics was investigated in a human tissue-specific corneal epithelial construct and porcine eye culture model. The results reveal the high cytotoxicity of PVI and PHMB in the hTCEpi and hCjE in monolayer cell culture models, independent of the incubation time and concentration of these substances. However, after hTCEpi cell differentiation into a tissue-specific corneal epithelial construct, contact with these antiseptics for the relevant preoperative time did not alter cPARP1 or Ki67 expression. Furthermore, the wound-healing process in the porcine cornea was not significantly influenced after incubation with these antiseptics. In summary, corneal and conjunctival epithelial cell lines are very sensitive to PVI and PHMB, whereas no significant alterations were found in intact tissue-specific corneal epithelial constructs or porcine corneas. Therefore, we could not identify PVI and PHMB as reasons for postoperative eye irritation.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Conjunctival melanoma (CM) is associated with a high rate of local recurrence and poor survival rate. Novel therapeutic options are needed to reduce recurrence rate. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the improved effectiveness of electrochemotherapy (ECT) on CM using repetitive application. METHODS: Tumor spheroids of three CM cell lines (CRMM1, CRMM2, CM2005.1) were treated repetitively with ECT using the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin on days 3, 5, and 7 of culture. Application of bleomycin alone and electroporation alone served as controls. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed on day 10 compared to untreated control using an independent t-test. The spheroid outgrowth rate was measured. RESULT: CM tumor spheroid size (median value: 78%, SD: 32%) and viability (median value: 11%, SD: 11%) were dramatically reduced after repetitive ECT treatment (p-value < 0.001). Decreased proliferation capacity (down to 8%) and an increase of apoptotic cells were observed. In most repetitive ECT-treated spheroids, no viable or proliferating cells were detected. Only 33-40% of repetitive ECT-treated spheroids exhibited single outgrowing cells with a delay of time up to 38 days. CONCLUSION: Repetitive ECT application effectively induces cytotoxic effects in CM spheroids by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting proliferation and decreasing the percentage of surviving tumor cells. Thus, repetitive ECT results in improved antitumor effectiveness in CM and could be an alternative therapy option.
