Spontaneous hemoperitoneum and anaphylactic shock associated with Hymenoptera envenomation in a dog.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical presentation of a dog with spontaneous hemoperitoneum associated with anaphylactic shock from Hymenoptera envenomation. CASE SUMMARY: An 8-year-old female neutered Beagle presented as an emergency for acute onset of collapse, hematemesis, and hematochezia. The dog was tachycardic, tachypneic, and hypotensive. Initial assessment revealed a hemoperitoneum with documentation of a nonclotting sanguineous peritoneal effusion with PCV 81% and total protein concentration 65 g/L (6.5 g/dL). No obvious masses were appreciated ultrasonographically during original presentation and cytology of the peritoneal effusion was unremarkable. Peripheral PCV was 67% and total plasma protein concentration was 72 g/L (7.2 g/dL). A bee stinger was located in the right upper lip after presentation and was postulated to be the inciting trigger for the abdominal hemorrhage and shock. The patient was medically stabilized and ultimately made an uneventful recovery. Abdominal ultrasound performed 3 days after discharge revealed a single 0.85 cm hyperechoic liver nodule. Follow-up evaluation at 6 and 18 months after presentation documented a normal physical examination, unremarkable thoracic radiographs, and no change in the original hyperechoic liver nodule. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED: This report details an unusual clinical presentation of anaphylactic shock due to Hymenoptera envenomation in a dog. To the authors' knowledge, spontaneous hemoperitoneum associated with anaphylaxis and bee envenomation has not been documented in the veterinary literature.

Extruded gallbladder mucoceles have characteristic ultrasonographic features and extensive migratory capacity in dogs.

Limited information is available on the ultrasonographic characteristics of extruded gallbladder mucoceles. The objective of this retrospective case series study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of extruded gallbladder mucoceles in a group of dogs. Medical records of four veterinary centers were searched between June 2010 and January 2018 for all dogs with a suspected extruded gallbladder mucocele based on abdominal ultrasound. Seven client-owned dogs met the inclusion criteria. All seven dogs had a discrete, heteroechoic, multilayered, stellate, or striated mass within the peritoneal cavity. Blood flow was not present in these structures. Four of these structures were identified in the caudal abdomen. In five cases, the gallbladder lumen was filled with material similar in appearance to the free-floating peritoneal mass. Four cases were confirmed surgically and one case was confirmed at necropsy. Histopathology of the gallbladder wall was evaluated in all surgical cases and analysis of the free-floating material was performed in one of the four cases. Extruded gallbladder mucoceles have common imaging characteristics that may be helpful in establishing a presumptive diagnosis. Additionally, these structures may have extensive migratory capacity. The results of the study justify the recommendation for exploration of the entire abdomen during cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele removal.