Effects of Stocking Density and Pre-Slaughter Handling on the Fillet Quality of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides): Implications for Fish Welfare.

There is currently insufficient acknowledgment of the relationship between fish welfare and ultimate fillet quality. The purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of pre-slaughter handling and stocking density as fish welfare markers on fillet quality of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish from three stocking densities of 35, 50, and 65 kg·m-3 were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) for 12 weeks and received commercial feed. Ultimately, the fish were either stunned with percussion on the head (control group) or subjected to air exposure for 3 min (anoxia group) before stunning and subsequent collection of blood and fillet samples. Western blot analysis revealed the degradation of actin in both groups. Additionally, higher oxidation progress and lower hardness and pH were observed in anoxia compared to the control group. We observed higher hardness at 35 kg·m-3 in anoxia compared to 50 and 65 km-3. The initial hardness values at 35, 50, and 65 km-3 were 1073, 841, and 813 (g) respectively in the anoxia group. Furthermore, the anoxia and control groups had rigor mortis after 6 and 10 h, respectively. Cortisol and glucose levels, and oxidative enzymes activity were higher in anoxia than in the control group. In conclusion, oxidation induced by anoxia likely plays a crucial role as a promoter of the quality deterioration of largemouth bass fillets.

Considering Two Aspects of Fish Welfare on African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fillet throughout Postmortem Condition: Efficiency and Mechanisms.

Knowledge about fish welfare and its impact on fish fillet quality is still insufficient. Therefore, the influence of two aspects of fish welfare (slaughtering method: bled and unbled fish; fish stock densities: 90, 120, and 150 kg·m-3) on African catfish fillet quality during postmortem conditions was investigated. The aim of study was to determine (i) the efficiency of bleeding on oxidation progress and (ii) the influence of stock density on fillet quality. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed a higher protein loss in the unbled than in the bled groups, especially in the heavy myosin chain (MHC) band. However, density did not show any influence on protein profile. Western blot analysis showed fewer oxidized carbonyls in the bled than in the unbled groups; higher oxidation development, microbial growth, and lower hardness were observed in unbled fillets. Additionally, hardness was higher at 90 and 120 kg·m-3 densities in bled fillet compared to 150 kg·m-3. The first three days of storage showed a higher oxidation rate in unbled fillets than in bled fillets, confirming the contribution of hemoglobin to oxidation development with different mechanisms of protein oxidation. The obtained results revealed the same fillet quality in all aspects at either 90 or 120 (kg·m-3) stock densities, which would suggest 120 kg·m-3 for the fishery industry. However, higher stocking density in this study would not be appropriate for fish welfare.

Comparison of Quality Changes in Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) Fillets Originated from Two Different Rearing Systems during Frozen and Refrigerated Storage.

The current knowledge on how different Eurasian perch rearing systems impact the final fillet quality is scant. Therefore, two domestic storage conditions were investigated-10 months frozen (-20 °C) and 12 days refrigerated (+4 °C) storage conditions-in order to determine (i) how the choice of rearing system affects fillets quality during different processing conditions and (ii) if oxidative changes and other quality parameters were interactive. For the proposed idea, proteome analysis, oxidative changes, and some quality parameters were considered in this study. Sodium dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) indicated a higher loss of protein in the frozen fillets from ponds (PF) than the fillets from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) (RF). Western blot showed a higher protein carbonyls level in RF compared to PF, which was confirmed by the total protein carbonyls during frozen storage. PF indicated less liquid loss, hardness, and oxidation progress than RF in both storage conditions. The biogenic amines index (BAI) in the fillets from either origin showed acceptable levels during storage at +4 °C. Furthermore, the n-3/n-6 ratio was similar for both fillets. The deterioration of fillets during frozen storage was mainly caused by formation of ice crystals followed by protein oxidation, while protein oxidation was the main concern during refrigerated storage confirmed by principal component analysis (PCA) analysis.