Traumatic Injuries of the Ear, Nose and Throat.

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common traumatic injuries of the ear, nose, and throat, including laryngeal trauma, auricular and septal hematomas, and tympanic membrane rupture.

Initial conditions of serotonin transporter kinetics and genotype: influence on SSRI treatment trial outcome.

BACKGROUND: Fifty-one patients with major depression were classified for 5-HTT promoter region polymorphism and platelet 5-HTT kinetics before treatment with fluoxetine, and then examined for treatment outcome. METHODS: Dose was stratified from 1.25 mg to 40 mg per day to allow for the possibility that one genotype could express a lower-dose fluoxetine response. A repeated-measures analysis of variance of 24-item Hamilton depression change through baseline, 1-week placebo lead-in, and 6, 12, and 18 weeks treatment was done to test a genotype effect on outcome. RESULTS: Genotype had a significant effect on outcome (F = 4.7, p <.02), with the initial affinity constant (K(m)) (F = 11.9, p =.001), and dose (F = 6.0, p <.02) being significant covariates on outcome as well. The gene effect, however, was complex in that the 5-HTT promoter region insertion showed two effects: both a placebo response effect (F = 4, p <.025), and a drug dose response effect (r =.40, p <.01). The long allele group was more responsive to placebo, as well as more responsive to drug dose than was the short allele group. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to examine the antidepressant dose-response relationship to 5-HTT kinetics and genetics. The findings indicate that both the initial affinity and genotype of 5-HTT may contribute in unique ways to the variation in the outcome of depression treatment trials.