RESUMEN
The immusne response to the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease using biological agents, and so we should ensure effective immunization in these patients by prioritizing those receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in the indication of new doses or booster doses of the vaccine.
Asunto(s)
Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , Factores Biológicos , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Inmunidad , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine and evaluate the postvaccination variation in immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor-binding domain (RBD) produced in non-SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with nephropathy and renal replacement therapy. METHODS: This is a follow-up study of the humoral response to the BNT162b2 messenger ribonucleic acid COVID-19 vaccine in patients with nephropathy, comparing it with itself at different times and with the healthy population. RESULTS: In patients with nephropathy, a very striking decrease in IgG RBD was observed compared with the healthy population (P<0.001) at three months after the second dose. In patients with nephropathy, the response rate ≥590 binding antibody units/ml (4154 AU/ml) was detected in 45% of patients, 15 days after the second dose, whereas at 3 months, this decreased to 9% (P<0.05) and then increased to 86% after the third dose (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In patients with nephropathy and renal replacement therapy, it is necessary to administer a third-dose vaccination within 3 months after the second dose. It is important to continue monitoring the humoral response to obtain a better SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedule.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Vacunas Virales , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Vacuna BNT162 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G , Diálisis Renal , SARS-CoV-2 , VacunaciónRESUMEN
In order to control the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious progress has been made to identify infected patients and to detect patients with a positive immune response against the virus. Currently, attempts to generate a vaccine against the coronavirus are ongoing. To understand SARS-CoV-2 immunoreactivity, we compared the IgG antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in infected versus control patients by dot blot using recombinant viral particle proteins: N (Nucleocapsid), M (Membrane) and S (Spike). In addition, we used different protein fragments of the N and S protein to map immune epitopes. Most of the COVID-19 patients presented a specific immune response against the full length and fragments of the N protein and, to lesser extent, against a fragment containing amino acids 300-685 of the S protein. In contrast, immunoreactivity against other S protein fragments or the M protein was low. This response is specific for COVID-19 patients as very few of the control patients displayed immunoreactivity, likely reflecting an immune response against other coronaviruses. Altogether, our results may help develop method(s) for measuring COVID-19 antibody response, selectivity of methods detecting such SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and vaccine development.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19/inmunología , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside de Coronavirus/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Proteínas M de Coronavirus/genética , Proteínas M de Coronavirus/inmunología , Proteínas de la Nucleocápside de Coronavirus/genética , Humanos , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Inmunidad Humoral , Immunoblotting , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Fosfoproteínas/inmunología , SARS-CoV-2/química , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/genética , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/inmunología , Virión/inmunologíaRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Miasis/diagnóstico , Infecciones Parasitarias del Ojo/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Nasales/parasitología , Tobramicina/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/administración & dosificación , ZoonosisRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Cryptococcus neoformans , Cryptococcus neoformans/aislamiento & purificación , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/microbiología , Antirretrovirales/uso terapéutico , Heces/microbiología , Vómitos/complicaciones , Vómitos/etiología , Radiografía Torácica/métodos , Intubación Intratraqueal/métodos , Lavado Broncoalveolar/métodosRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ocular/diagnóstico , Conjuntivitis/diagnóstico , Glándulas Tarsales/fisiopatologíaAsunto(s)
Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/diagnóstico , Conjuntivitis/etiología , Linfadenopatía/etiología , Trastornos de la Motilidad Ocular/etiología , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Bartonella henselae/inmunología , Bartonella henselae/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedad por Rasguño de Gato/complicaciones , Gatos/microbiología , Niño , Diagnóstico Tardío , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina M/sangre , Linfadenopatía/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are common bacteria in water and especially water supply distribution systems. Some species can cause infections, especially in immunocompromised patients and other risk groups. This study examined the frequency of occurrence of NTM in 135 household potable water samples collected from household water taps in Tenerife Island. METHODS: Mycobacteria species were identified by polymerase chain reaction targeting the 16S rRNA and 16S-23S rRNA regions, and by double-reverse hybridization on a dipstick using colloidal gold-bound and membrane-bound probes (Speed-Oligo(®) Mycobacteria). Some species were identified by sequencing the gene that encodes the 16S rRNA region. RESULTS: NTM were present in 47.4% of the samples. Mycobacterium fortuitum was the NTM isolated most frequently (70.3%), followed by Mycobacterium canariasense (6.3%) and Mycobacterium chelonae (6.3%). Other species were isolated at lower percentage frequencies. CONCLUSION: We isolated and identified the species M. canariasense in water supplies for public consumption. This species has previously been reported only in hospital settings. The elevated presence of NTM in the water supply indicates that it may be a reservoir for infections caused by recently described species of mycobacteria.
Asunto(s)
Agua Potable/microbiología , Infecciones por Mycobacterium/microbiología , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/aislamiento & purificación , Microbiología del Agua , Abastecimiento de Agua , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodos , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Composición Familiar , Genes Bacterianos , Humanos , Islas , Sondas Moleculares , Mycobacterium , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/genética , Micobacterias no Tuberculosas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , ARN Ribosómico 16S , España , Abastecimiento de Agua/normasRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Norovirus , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/epidemiología , Brotes de Enfermedades , Gastroenteritis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Clonal distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in hospitals may differ according to the geographic location and time period. Knowledge of MRSA clonal epidemiology in hospital settings involves much more than the study of healthcare-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) clones. In recent years, investigators have documented the introduction of both community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) and livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) clones, the emergence of clones carrying Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) XI, and the genetic diversity among sporadic MRSA isolates. The allocation of certain antibiotypes to dominant MRSA clones in an institution allows their use as phenotypic markers for a preliminary search for new clones, early detection of clonal shift, and as a guide for better empirical therapy, infection control, and treatment within a particular institution. For these reasons, we identified 938 strains detected in a System of Universal Active Surveillance of MRSA in clinical samples during the period 2009-2010, obtaining the clonal distribution of MRSA at the Hospital Universitario de Canarias (Tenerife, Spain) and the relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility and three major clones present. The antibiotypes that best defined the ST5-MRSA-IV (Pediatric) clone showed resistance to tobramycin and susceptibility to clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, rifampin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, vancomycin, quinupristin/dalfopristin, and linezolid, whereas the ST22-MRSA-IV clone (EMRSA-15) showed susceptibility to these antibiotics, and finally, the ST36-MRSA-II clone (EMRSA-16) was resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, and tobramycin and susceptible to the remaining antimicrobials. Similar observations would allow the early detection of changes in clonal epidemiology by analysis of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates within a single institution.
Asunto(s)
Resistencia a la Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiinfecciosos/uso terapéutico , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Hospitales , Humanos , Ganado/microbiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , España , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiologíaRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Colitis/microbiología , Clostridioides difficile/patogenicidad , Infecciones por Clostridium/complicaciones , Citotoxicidad Celular Dependiente de AnticuerposRESUMEN
La feohifomicosis cerebral es una micosis invasiva infrecuente, de mal pronóstico, sin tratamiento estandarizado y con muy pocos casos referenciados en la literatura. Entre los hongos responsables de la feohifomicosis se encuentra Cladophialophora bantiana, un hongo con especial tropismo por el sistema nervioso central. Se presenta un caso de absceso cerebral por C. bantiana en un adulto con enfermedad de Crohn y tratado con inmunosupresores. A pesar de la identificación del agente etiológico y del tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico administrado, el paciente evoluciona desfavorablemente y fallece 32 días después de la cirugía. La descripción del caso clínico se acompaña de una revisión de los episodios de feohifomicosis cerebral por C. bantiana publicados en los últimos 10 años. Los avances diagnósticos, incluyendo las nuevas técnicas de imagen, y el empleo de los nuevos antifúngicos no han mejorado el mal pronóstico de la feohifomicosis cerebral por C. bantiana, siendo aconsejable la combinación de tratamiento quirúrgico y farmacológico, aunque ninguna pauta terapéutica descrita en la literatura destaca por el éxito obtenido (AU)
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection with very few cases referenced in the literature. There is no standardized treatment, and it is associated with poor outcomes. Cladophialophora bantiana, a fungus with special tropism for the central nervous system, is one of the causal agents of phaeohyphomycosis. The case presented here deals with a brain abscess by C. bantiana in an adult with Crohn's disease had beed being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Despite the correct etiological diagnosis, surgical and pharmacological treatments, the patient died 32 days after surgery. A description of the case is followed by a review of all cerebral C. bantiana phaeohyphomycosis cases published in the last 10 years. Regardless of the use of advanced new imaging techniques in the diagnosis and treatment with new antifungal agents, cerebral phaeohyphomycosis by C. bantiana continues to have very poor prognosis. While new more successful therapeutic treatments appear, a combined surgical and pharmacological approach seems to be more appropriate for this severe mycosis (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Feohifomicosis Cerebral/diagnóstico , Feohifomicosis Cerebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Feohifomicosis Cerebral/microbiología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana/métodos , Anfotericina B/uso terapéutico , Pronóstico , Absceso Encefálico/complicaciones , Absceso Encefálico/microbiología , Sistema Nervioso Central/microbiología , Sistema Nervioso Central/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Active surveillance systems are effective in reducing health care-associated infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nonetheless, some patients develop MRSA infection despite control measures. We tried to identify risk factors related to the appearance of MRSA at sites other than the nasal fossa in patients who were nasal carriers of MRSA. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted in an active surveillance program for MRSA between January 2009 and December 2010 at a Spanish teaching hospital. Cases were patients with MRSA in the anterior nares and a length of stay of at least 5 days who developed MRSA-positive clinical culture after decolonization treatment had started. Controls were patients with the same characteristics as the case group, except that they did not develop MRSA-positive clinical culture as verified by negative clinical cultures. RESULTS: After intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors were analyzed, the emergence of mupirocin-resistant MRSA clones after decolonization treatment, and residence in a nursing home were marginally significant in the univariate analysis. The detection of the emergence of mupirocin-resistant MRSA clones was independently associated with the detection of MRSA in other clinical locations. CONCLUSIONS: In an active surveillance program for MRSA it is important to determine the mupirocin susceptibility of the isolates to determine appropriate treatment and to verify negativity after decolonizing treatment has been completed.
Asunto(s)
Portador Sano/epidemiología , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Animales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Portador Sano/tratamiento farmacológico , Portador Sano/microbiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Femenino , Hospitales de Enseñanza , Humanos , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente a Meticilina/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mupirocina/farmacología , Mupirocina/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , España/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Estrongiloidiasis/microbiología , Strongyloidea/aislamiento & purificación , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/complicaciones , Huésped Inmunocomprometido/inmunología , Prurito/etiología , Exantema/etiología , Diarrea/etiologíaRESUMEN
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare invasive fungal infection with very few cases referenced in the literature. There is no standardized treatment, and it is associated with poor outcomes. Cladophialophora bantiana, a fungus with special tropism for the central nervous system, is one of the causal agents of phaeohyphomycosis. The case presented here deals with a brain abscess by C. bantiana in an adult with Crohn's disease had beed being treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Despite the correct etiological diagnosis, surgical and pharmacological treatments, the patient died 32 days after surgery. A description of the case is followed by a review of all cerebral C. bantiana phaeohyphomycosis cases published in the last 10 years. Regardless of the use of advanced new imaging techniques in the diagnosis and treatment with new antifungal agents, cerebral phaeohyphomycosis by C. bantiana continues to have very poor prognosis. While new more successful therapeutic treatments appear, a combined surgical and pharmacological approach seems to be more appropriate for this severe mycosis.