Effects of Trace Mineral Injections on Measures of Growth and Trace Mineral Status of Primiparous Cows and their Calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of injectable trace minerals (ITM) administrations at strategic moments in the beef cattle production cycle. At calving, 50 primiparous cows (Angus × Hereford) and their calves were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: 1) ITM: cattle assigned to the ITM treatment received an ITM injection at calving and a subsequent administration at breeding (cattle over 2 yr: 1.0 mL/90 kg body weight [BW]; calves: 1.0 mL/45 kg BW); or 2) Control: cattle assigned to the control treatment were administered with saline following the same procedure as the cattle assigned to the ITM treatment. Body weight, blood, and liver samples were collected from dams and calves at multiple time points to evaluate the growth and mineral status of cow-calf pairs. All variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. A treatment effect (P = 0.02) was observed for Cu liver concentration of primiparous cows at breeding. Cows assigned to ITM treatment had greater Cu status than cohorts assigned to Control treatment. No treatment effects were observed for the mineral status or growth of calves. The administration of ITM to primiparous cows enhanced Cu status when grazing Cu forages scarce of Cu.

Effects of electrolyte supplementation on performance and physiological responses of preconditioning beef calves.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of electrolyte solution supplementation on the performance and physiological responses of beef calves during a 45-d preconditioning phase. Forty Angus × Hereford steers (230.4 ±â€…4.8 kg body weight [BW]) were sorted into 20 pens (2 steers/pen) following weaning (day 0). Treatments were randomly assigned to pens: (1) control: access to water only and (2) electrolyte: access to water and electrolyte solution supplementation (10% of total daily water intake) from days 1 to 14. Calf BW and blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 44 of the study. Blood samples were analyzed for sodium, potassium, albumin, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and cortisol. All variables were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Electrolyte solution consumption was estimated at 0.70 kg/calf daily (SEM ±â€…0.21). Calves assigned to the Electrolyte treatment had greater water and total liquid intake than control (P < 0.05). No effects of treatment were observed on ADG or BW (P > 0.05). Effects of day (P < 0.004), but not treatment or treatment × day were observed for sodium, potassium, albumin, cortisol, ceruloplasmin, and haptoglobin. Electrolyte solution supplementation during the preconditioning period did not improve performance nor influenced stress-related markers, however improved liquid intake.

Feeding spent hemp biomass to lactating dairy cows: Effects on performance, milk components and quality, blood parameters, and nitrogen metabolism.

The legalization of industrial hemp by the 2018 Farm Bill in the United States has driven a sharp increase in its cultivation, including for cannabinoid extraction. Spent hemp biomass (SHB), produced from the extraction of cannabinoids, can potentially be used as feed for dairy cows; however, it is still illegal to do so in the United States, according to the US Food and Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine, due to the presence of cannabinoids and the lack of data on the effect on animals. To assess the safety of this byproduct as feed for dairy cows, late-lactation Jersey cows (245 ± 37 d in milk; 483 ± 38 kg body weight; 10 multiparous and 8 primiparous) received a basal total mixed ration (TMR) diet plus 13% alfalfa pellet (CON) or 13% pelleted SHB for 4 wk (intervention period [IP]) followed by 4 wk of withdrawal period (WP), where all cows received only the basal TMR during WP. The dry matter intake (DMI), body weight, body condition score, milk yield, milk components, and fatty acid profile, blood parameters, N metabolism, methane emission, and activity were measured. Results indicated that feeding SHB decreased DMI mainly due to the low palatability of the SHB pellet, as the cows consumed only 7.4% of the total TMR with 13.0% SHB pellet offered in the ration. However, milk yield was not affected during the IP and was higher than CON during the WP, leading to higher milk yield/DMI. Milk components were not affected, except for a tendency in decreased fat percentage. Milk fat produced by cows fed SHB had a higher proportion of oleate and bacteria-derived fatty acids than CON. The activity of the cows was not affected, except for a shorter overall lying time in SHB versus CON cows during the IP. Blood parameters related to immune function were not affected. Compared with CON, cows fed SHB had a lower cholesterol concentration during the whole experiment and higher ß-hydroxybutyric acid during the WP, while a likely low-grade inflammation during the IP was indicated by higher ceruloplasmin and reactive oxidative metabolites. Other parameters related to liver health and inflammatory response were unaffected, except for a tendency for higher activity of alkaline phosphatase during IP and a lower activity of gamma-glutamyl transferase during WP in the SHB group versus CON. The bilirubin concentration was increased in cows fed SHB, suggesting a possible decrease in the clearance ability of the liver. Digestibility of the dry matter and protein and methane emission were not affected by feeding SHB. The urea, purine derivatives, and creatinine concentration in urine was unaffected, but cows fed SHB had higher N use efficiency and lower urine volume. Altogether, our data revealed a relatively low palatability of SHB affecting DMI with minimal biological effects, except for a likely low-grade inflammation, a higher N use efficiency, and a possible decrease in liver clearance. Overall, the data support the use of SHB as a safe feed ingredient for lactating dairy cows.

Riesgos laborales de tipo psicosocial y desgaste psíquico en trabajadores de una administración pública mexicana / Occupational Risks of the Psychosocial Type and Psychic Attrition in Mexican Public Administration Workers

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la relación de los riesgos laborales de tipo psicosocial y el desgaste psíquico con respuestas de estrés en 985 trabajadores de una administración pública mexicana. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio es no experimental, transversal y cuantitativo. Se aplicó la batería para el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo de carácter psicosocial CTCPSMAC, validada para población iberoamericana, con Alpha de Crombach 0.927 y población mexicana 0,931. Se realizó el análisis de datos a través del programa IBM SPSS Statistics 21 mediante un análisis bivariado y regresión logística binaria. Resultados: Características personales, relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo y carga y ritmo de trabajo están asociados a respuestas cognitivo-emocional, conductual y fisiológica. Ambientes laborales y amortiguadores del riesgo psíquico están asociados a las respuestas conductual y isiológica. Concepción de las tareas del puesto de trabajo está asociada a las respuestas cognitivo-emocional y fisiológicas. La exposición a una mala interrelación trabajo con problemas familiares o sociales y características de la empresa, está asociada a respuesta conductual. Conclusiones: La investigación mostró que en la organización pública objeto de estudio existe una relación signiicativa entre los factores de riesgo psicosocial del entorno laboral y las respuestas de estrés por parte de los trabajadores que integran la misma, poniendo en riesgo la salud de estos, por lo que es importante considerar el cumplimiento de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-035-STPS-2018, que recién entró en vigencia.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of the present study is to identify the relationship of occupational risks of psychosocial type and psychic attrition with stress responses in 985 Mexican public administration workers. Materials and methods: The study design is non-experimental, cross-sectional, and quantitative. The CTCPSMAC questionnaire, used to study the work conditions of a psychosocial nature, was applied, validated for an Ibero-American population, with a 0.927 Crombach's Alpha; and a 0.931 value for a Mexican population. Data analysis was performed through the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 program, using a bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: Personal characteristics, interpersonal relationships at work, and work load and rhythm are associated with cognitive-emotional, behavioral, and physiological responses. Work environments and psychic risk buffers are associated with behavioral and physiological responses. Conception of job duties is associated with cognitive-emotional and physiological responses. Exposure to a bad work interrelation with family or social problems, and company characteristics is associated with behavioral response. Conclusions: The research showed that, in the public organization under study, there is a significant relationship between the psychosocial risk factors of the work environment and the stress responses by the workers who integrate it, putting their health at risk,thus, it is important to consider compliance with the Official Mexican Standard NOM-035-STPS-2018, which has just been enacted.

Clima organizacional y liderazgo en un instituto de salud pública mexicano / Organizational climate and leadership at a Mexican public health institute

Introducción: El estilo de dirección y el clima organizacional son elementos importantes que tienden a influir sobre la manera en que un trabajador realiza sus actividades laborales y la forma en que atiende al paciente o usuario. Objetivo: Determinar los estilos de liderazgo y clima organizacional sobre la base de la comunicación, que prevalece en los trabajadores que laboran en un instituto de salud pública mexicano del centro del país. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, correlacional y transaccional. Se aplicó el cuestionario Instrumento de Medición de Clima Organizacional y Liderazgo a trabajadores subordinados y directivos que laboran en un instituto de salud pública del centro del país. Se obtuvo un coeficiente de confiabilidad Alpha de Cronbach de 0,86. Resultados: Un total de 152 trabajadores y 16 directivos, muestran una tendencia relacionada con la existencia de una calidad de clima regular para toda el área y un tipo de liderazgo autócrata consultador y administrador de consensos. Conclusiones: Cuando se obtienen resultados con niveles de clima organizacional bajos es común que se acentúen los problemas comunicativos dentro de la empresa. Esto origina que no exista una adecuada comunicación entre jefes y trabajadores, lo que trae como consecuencia una inestabilidad del clima laboral propiciada, en su mayor parte, por el estilo de liderazgo utilizado(AU)

Introduction: Management style and organizational climate are important elements that tend to influence how workers perform work activities and how they care for the patient or user. Objective: Determine leadership styles and organizational climate based on communication, which prevails in workers at a Mexican public health institute in the central area of the country. Methods: Quantitative, descriptive, correlational and transactional research. The questionnaire Instrument for The Measurement of Organizational Climate and Leadership was applied to subordinate workers and managers working at a public health institute in the central area of the country. A Cronbach Alpha reliability coefficient of 0.86 was obtained. Results: A total of 152 workers and 16 managers show a trend related to the existence of a regular climate quality for the whole area and a type of autocrat consulting leadership and consensus manager. Conclusions: When results are obtained with low organizational climate levels, it is common that communication problems are more evident within the company. This results in inadequate communication between bosses and workers, resulting in instability of the working climate, mostly driven by the leadership style used(AU)

Factores psicosociales y desgaste psíquico en ámbito laboral / Psychosocial factors and psychic wear in labor environment

Resumen Objetivo: El propósito de esta investigación es conocer la percepción que tienen 597 trabajadores de una empresa industrial en México respecto a los factores psicosociales laborales, así como su relación con desgaste psíquico y respuestas de estrés. Materiales y métodos: El diseño del estudio es no experimental, transversal y cuantitativo. Se aplicó una batería para el estudio de las condiciones de trabajo de carácter psicosocial CTCPS-MAC, misma que fue validada para población iberoamericana, con Alpha de Crombach 0.927. Se realizó el análisis de datos a través del programa IBM SPSS Statistics 21, mediante un análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: Trabajadores con buena percepción de carga-ritmo de trabajo, equipos y agentes físicos, sus características personales y amortiguadores riesgo psíquico, casados o en pareja presentan probabilidad del 0.788 de desgaste psíquico. Buena percepción de carga-ritmo de trabajo, equipos y agentes físicos, cultura de organización y gestión, ambientes laborales y relaciones interpersonales en el trabajo presentan una probabilidad del 0.508 de respuesta cognitivo-emocional. Buena percepción de características personales, papel o rol en la organización, amortiguadores del riesgo psíquico y contexto de trabajo presentan una probabilidad del 0.684 de respuesta conductual. Buena percepción del contenido de trabajo, carga-ritmo de trabajo, equipos y agentes físicos, papel o rol en la organización, ambientes laborales y características de la empresa presentan una probabilidad del 0.400 de respuesta fisiológica. Conclusiones: Los resultados más destacados muestran que los factores psicosociales percibidos como nocivos aumentan al doble la posibilidad de causar desgaste psíquico.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this investigation is to know the perception of597 workers of an industrial company in Mexico, in relation to psychosocial factors of their working environment, as well as its relation with psychic wear and the stress responses. Materials and methods: The study is designed to be non-experimental, cross-sectional and quantitative. It was applied a battery for the study of psychosocial work conditions CTCPS-MAC, which was validated for Iberic-American population, with Alpha de Crombach 0.927. Data analysis was performed through the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 program, using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Workers with good perception of rhythm and workload, equipment and physical agents, their personal characteristics and shock absorbers of psychic risk, married or in couple, present a probability of0.788 of psychic wear. Good perception of rhythm and workload, equipment and physical agents, organization and management culture, work environments and interpersonal relationships at work, present a 0.508 probability of cognitive-emotional response. Good perception of personal characteristics, role in the organization, shock absorbers of psychic risk and work context, present a probability of0.684 of behavioral response. Good perception of work content, rhythm and workload, equipment and physical agents, role in the organization, work environments and company characteristics, present a probability of 0.400 of physiological response. Conclusions: The most outstanding results show that the psychosocial factors perceived as harmful double the possibility of causing psychic wear.

The JAK2 pathway is activated in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most rapidly progressive and fatal fibrotic disorder, with no curative therapies. The signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein is activated in lung fibroblasts and alveolar type II cells (ATII), thereby contributing to lung fibrosis in IPF. Although activation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) has been implicated in proliferative disorders, its role in IPF is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze JAK2 activation in IPF, and to determine whether JAK2/STAT3 inhibition is a potential therapeutic strategy for this disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: JAK2/p-JAK2 and STAT3/pSTAT3 expression was evaluated using quantitative real time-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Compared to human healthy lung tissue (n = 10) both proteins were upregulated in the lung tissue of IPF patients (n = 12). Stimulating primary ATII and lung fibroblasts with transforming growth factor beta 1 or interleukin (IL)-6/IL-13 activated JAK2 and STAT3, inducing epithelial to mesenchymal and fibroblast to myofibroblast transitions. Dual p-JAK2/p-STAT3 inhibition with JSI-124 or silencing of JAK2 and STAT3 genes suppressed ATII and the fibroblast to myofibroblast transition, with greater effects than the sum of those obtained using JAK2 or STAT3 inhibitors individually. Dual rather than single inhibition was also more effective for inhibiting fibroblast migration, preventing increases in fibroblast senescence and Bcl-2 expression, and ameliorating impaired autophagy. In rats administered JSI-124, a dual inhibitor of p-JAK2/p-STAT3, at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day, bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was reduced and collagen deposition in the lung was inhibited, as were JAK2 and STAT3 activation and several markers of fibrosis, autophagy, senescence, and anti-apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: JAK2 and STAT3 are activated in IPF, and their dual inhibition may be an attractive strategy for treating this disease.

Modelo de lucidez, emprendimiento e innovación en microempresas caficultoras del Centro de México

En México se estima que el 40 por ciento de las microempresas sucumben a la competencia en los primeros tres años y no obstante que emplean al 90% de la población económicamente activa, 4 de cada 5 empleos que ofrecen no habían existido en el mercado laboral en los últimos tres años. Por consiguiente, el objetivo del presente trabajo es establecer la confiabilidad, la validez y la contrastación de un instrumento que midió las relaciones teóricas al compararlas con las observaciones realizadas en una microempresa dedicada a la caficultura, pero con procesos de lucidez, emprendimiento e innovación. A partir de un modelo estructural ⌠X 2 = 456,34 (15gl) p = 0,007; GFI = 0,862; CFI = 0,995; RMSEA = 0,006⌡se acepto la hipótesis nula relativa al ajuste de las correlaciones entre tres factores, inferidos por siete variables manifiestas para cada uno. Se recomienda extender la contrastación del modelo en contextos y muestras diferentes a las del estudio mediante análisis estadísticos más sofisticados ya que, el tipo de estudio exploratorio, el tipo de selección muestral intencional y el tipo de solución factorial de ejes principales con rotación promax, limitaron los hallazgos a la muestra del estudio.

In Mexico it is estimated that 40 percent of microenterprises succumb to competition in the first three years and despite employing 90% of the economically active population, 4 out of 5 jobs offered had not existed in the market employment in the last three years. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to establish the reliability, validity and contrast of an instrument that measured the theoretical relationships when compared with the observations made in a microenterprise dedicated to coffee growing, but with processes of lucidity, entrepreneurship and innovation. From a structural model ⌠X2 = 456.34 (15gl) p = 0.007; GFI = 0.862; CFI = 0.995; RMSEA = 0.006⌡I accept the null hypothesis relative to the adjustment of the correlations between three factors, inferred by seven manifest variables for each one. It is recommended to extend the test of the model in different contexts and samples to those of the study by means of more sophisticated statistical analyzes since, the type of exploratory study, the type of intentional sample selection and the type of factorial solution of principal axes with promax rotation, limited the findings to the study sample.

Una nueva gestión ambulatoria basada en la consulta virtual de neumología. Una medida efectiva en tiempos de "austeridad" / New Outpatient Management Based on a Respiratory Virtual Clinic. An Effective Measure in Times of Austerity

No disponible

Medication and creativity in Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) / Medicación y creatividad en el trastorno por Défi cit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH)

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on creative potential in a group of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). METHOD: A randomized single blind crossover study was performed with 24 children with ADHD, aged between 18 and 96 (M = 10.0, SD = 1.3), evaluating each child's creativity with and without MPH, using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT). RESULTS: Children under treatment with MPH showed a lower global Creative Index and lower scores on Fluency, Originality and Creative Strengths, compared to when not under treatment. The capacities for Elaboration, Abstractness of Titles, and Resistance to Closure did not differ whether on or off pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that is important to take into account the impact that MPH might have on the creative potential of a child with ADHD to develop a more accurate evaluation and to develop better treatment plans

ANTECEDENTES: el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el efecto del metilfenidato (MPH) en el potencial creativo de un grupo de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH). MÉTODO: se llevó a cabo un estudio cruzado aleatorizado, simple ciego, en 24 niños con TDAH, con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 12 años (M = 10.0, SD = 1.3), evaluando la creatividad de cada niño con y sin MPH, a través de test de Torrance sobre Pensamiento Creativo, Figurativo (TTCT). RESULTADOS: los niños en tratamiento con MPH mostraban un Índice Global Creativo inferior, y puntuaciones más bajas en Fluidez, Originalidad y Fuerzas Creativas, comparados con los que no estaban bajo tratamiento. Las capacidades para la Elaboración, Abstracción de Títulos y Resistencia al Cierre no mostraron diferencias entre los grupos dentro o fuera de tratamiento farmacológico. CONCLUSIONES: nuestros resultados sugieren que es importante tener en cuenta el impacto que el metilfenidato podría tener en el potencial creativo de un niño con TDAH para poder realizar una evaluación más correcta y para poder desarrollar estrategias de tratamiento más eficaces

Medication and creativity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) on creative potential in a group of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). METHOD: A randomized single blind crossover study was performed with 24 children with ADHD, aged between 18 and 96 (M = 10.0, SD = 1.3), evaluating each child's creativity with and without MPH, using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking-Figural (TTCT). RESULTS: Children under treatment with MPH showed a lower global Creative Index and lower scores on Fluency, Originality and Creative Strengths, compared to when not under treatment. The capacities for Elaboration, Abstractness of Titles, and Resistance to Closure did not differ whether on or off pharmacological treatment. CONCLUSION: Our finding suggests that is important to take into account the impact that MPH might have on the creative potential of a child with ADHD to develop a more accurate evaluation and to develop better treatment plans.

[Usefulness of a gene amplification technique (LCx MTB) in the diagnosis of tuberculosis: preliminary results with different sputum samples]. / Utilidad de una técnica de amplificación genética (LCx MTB) para el diagnóstico de tuberculosis: resultados preliminares con muestras diferentes al esputo.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use in non-sputum samples of a commercial molecular amplification kit (LCx MTB, Abbott Diagnostica) (LCx) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Ninety-nine non-sputum samples from the same number of patients (bronchoalveolar, pleural and ascitic fluid, fecal samples, blood cultures, biopsies from different sites, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and gastric juices) and 14 sputum samples (10 from patients clinically suspected of having tuberculosis and 4 from patients diagnosed of tuberculosis and undergoing appropriate treatment for at least one month). All samples were LCx processed according to the manufacturer's instructions. The reference diagnosis was obtained by the Löwestein-jensen method and when results were inconsistent, we took into account the degree of clinical suspicion, response to treatment and histology. RESULTS: Seven of the 99 samples were positive by the LCx technique, and 6 of the 7 were also LJ positive; 1 could not be evaluated because of culture contamination. One LJ positive culture was LCx negative. Only one sample was positive by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. Ninety-two samples were LCx negative, with 91 showing no growth at all. Sensitivity was 86% and specificity 98%. Atypical mycobacteria were detected in 4 cases, all of which were LCx negative. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of tuberculosis by applying the LCx system to various types of samples other than sputum is simple, rapid, sensitive and specific.