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Background: Fixed orthodontic treatment may cause discomfort four to six weeks after the initiation of the treatment as it may change the type and amount of food consumed by children. This temporary change may have a long-term effect on the growth status of such children. This study aimed to detect the longitudinal relationship between fixed orthodontic treatment and developmental indicators in children and adolescents. Methods: The study population encompassed adolescents undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment as the exposure group (n = 30) and adolescents with no orthodontic treatment as the control group (n = 90). The patients' dental age, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), and wrist circumference were assessed at the baseline, as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after the orthodontic treatment. The significance level was set to be p = 0.05. Results: One-hundred twenty participants were included in this study. In the two groups, all growth parameters revealed an increasing trend. In the exposure group, weight-related indices (i.e., weight, BMI, and wrist circumference) decreased in the first month and then increased during the next five months. All indices in the control group and height in the exposure group exhibited a continuous increase. Conclusion: Fixed orthodontic treatment affects childhood growth indices. However, these effects are probably short-term, and the catchup growth mechanism can offset these effects and modify the changes in growth indices. A longer follow-up period is recommended to be considered by future researchers.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: White spot lesions (WSLs) are a real problem in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances with inadequate hygiene and eating habits. This study aimed at evaluating the synergic effects of NovaMin in fluoride toothpaste on remineralization of WSLs in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS: In the present double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel, clinical trial, Patients with a minimum of 1 WSL on the buccal surface of the anterior teeth and the first premolar on both arches were recruited between 12 February 2021 and 12 April 2021 at the Faculty of Dentistry of X. They were randomly divided into 2 groups, the control group receiving fluoride toothpaste (Sensodyne® Rapid Relief, England), and the study group receiving the fluoride-containing toothpaste and NovaMin (Sensodyne® Repair and Protect, England). A DIAGNOdent pen (KAVO Dental Corporation, Germany) was used to score the WSLs at baseline and then after the usage for 1 and 3months. The primary outcome measures were the difference in DIAGNOdent score in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances that used fluoride toothpaste and NovaMin/fluoride toothpaste. The secondary outcome measures were the intragroup comparison of the DIAGNOdent score in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances that used fluoride toothpaste and NovaMin/fluoride toothpaste. The type of toothpaste used was blinded for the participants, examiner, and data analyser. RESULTS: A sample size comprising 38 patients (19 patients in each group) was determined. In each group, statistical analysis was conducted on 18 patients. A patient in each group refused to contribute to the study. In both groups (P<0.001), the DIAGNOdent reading of the WSLs decreased significantly after 1 and at 3months, though no significant difference was found between the two groups at different intervals. Each patient had no adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS: In this 3-month follow-up study, NovaMin/fluoride toothpaste provided a slight improvement in WSL remineralisation, but not significant compared to fluoride toothpaste. NovaMin therefore did not have a significant synergistic effect. Both types of toothpaste can improve WSLs in orthodontic patients. THE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: IRCT20140215016582N5.
