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1.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr ; 111(10): 395-7, 2004 Oct.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15568637

RESUMEN

In a herd of German Improved Fawn breed of goat in the year 2000 neonatal kid losses due to congenital copper deficiencies were observed. To clarify the problems and to prevent losses in the next breeding season serum copper levels of 10 dams and four control Boer goats were investigated at four time points during one year. Additionally ten kids of the following year were sampled and the serum copper levels were studied. Immediatly after parturition and 8 weeks later the dams showed low serum copper levels (10.4 +/- 11.1 micromol/l, 5.7 +/- 2.9 micromol/l resp.). At the end of the pasture season an increase of serum copper could be measured (19.3 +/- 16.0 micromol/l). To prevent enzootic ataxia due to congenital copper deficiency, the dams were treated with copper oxide wire particles in the next late gestation. At this time point serum copper concentrations started to decrease (18.5 +/- 8.4 micromol/l). The re-examination 3 month later demonstrated an increase of the serum mean copper concentrations up to 23.4 micromol/l in the dams and to 16.2 micromol/l in the kids. The serum copper levels were significantly higher compared to the levels the year before. Big variation of the serum copper levels in the control Boer goats occurred during the year, but no clinical symptoms of copper deficiency could be observed. The copper levels in the grass and soil samples were 6.8 mg/kg and 0.2 mg/kg dry substance, respectively. A secondary copper deficiency based on cadmium could be excluded through the low levels of soil samples. The contents of sulphur and molybdenum were not determined. The results indicate that the German Improved Fawn breed of goats suffered from a primary copper deficiency due to the inefficient mineral supplementation. The administration of Copinox in the last third of the gestation leads to a continious raising of the copper concentrations in the serum and is suited to prevent ataxia due to congential copper deficiency in neonatal kids.


Asunto(s)
Cobre/sangre , Cobre/deficiencia , Cobre/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de las Cabras/prevención & control , Animales , Animales Recién Nacidos/sangre , Femenino , Enfermedades de las Cabras/congénito , Cabras , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/tratamiento farmacológico , Complicaciones del Embarazo/veterinaria , Estaciones del Año
2.
Res Vet Sci ; 76(1): 77-82, 2004 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14659733

RESUMEN

Methods for the chemical analysis of toxic plant substances in the rumen of ruminants are of importance for the diagnosis of intoxications with poisonous plants. The present work establishes a method to estimate monoterpene components of the essential oil of thuja (Thuja orientalis, Cupressaceae) in these types of samples. Alpha-thujone, which is regarded as the toxic principle, is present at a concentration of 50-60% in the essential oil. The rumen simulation technique (Rusitec) was used to simulate natural digestion. Chopped twigs of thuja were subjected to rumen content in a closed container with an overflow device. The flow of saliva was simulated by the continuous addition of a buffer solution. Samples for analysis were taken from the overflow at 24 and 48 h. A further sample was taken from the remaining liquid fraction of the rumen content in the container at 48 h. The essential oils were extracted with hexane and concentrated. A quantitative determination was done by capillary gas chromatography. Together in the three fractions analysed this resulted in total mean recoveries of 6.8% for alpha-thujone, 5.3% for beta-thujone, 18.9% for fenchone and 27.8% for camphor. The observation that the thujones were recovered to a lesser extent than other oil components is evidence of their fast decomposition in the rumen medium. Under these circumstances the calculated detection limit is 100-200 g thuja twigs in cows with rumen volumes of 60-100 litres. The main essential oil degradation products found in the rumen fluid of all three fractions in the Rusitec system were discovered to be iso-3-thujanol, neo-3-thujanol, carvomenthol and carvomenthone.


Asunto(s)
Aceites Volátiles/análisis , Aceites Volátiles/farmacocinética , Tallos de la Planta/química , Plantas Tóxicas , Rumen/química , Rumen/metabolismo , Thuja/química , Animales , Bovinos , Cromatografía de Gases , Digestión , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Modelos Biológicos
3.
J Food Prot ; 66(2): 304-10, 2003 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12597493

RESUMEN

Detecting the use of genetically modified feeds in milk has become important, because the voluntary labeling of milk and dairy products as "GMO free" or as "organically grown" prohibits the employment of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The aim of this work was to investigate whether a DNA transfer from foodstuffs like soya and maize was analytically detectable in cow's milk after digestion and transportation via the bloodstream of dairy cows and, thus, whether milk could report for the employment of transgene feeds. Blood, milk, urine, and feces of dairy cows were examined, and foreign DNA was detected by polymerase chain reaction by specifically amplifying a 226-bp fragment of the maize invertase gene and a 118-bp fragment of the soya lectin gene. An intravenous application of purified plant DNA showed a fast elimination of marker DNA in blood or its reduction below the detection limit. With feeding experiments, it could be demonstrated that a specific DNA transfer from feeds into milk was not detectable. Therefore, foreign DNA in milk cannot serve as an indicator for the employment of transgene feeds unless milk is directly contaminated with feed components or airborne feed particles.


Asunto(s)
Bovinos/metabolismo , ADN de Plantas/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Leche/química , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal , Animales , Bovinos/fisiología , Heces/química , Femenino , Análisis de los Alimentos , Amplificación de Genes , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Glycine max/genética , Urinálisis/veterinaria , Zea mays/genética
4.
Mycotoxin Res ; 18 Suppl 1: 84-8, 2002 Mar.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23606101

RESUMEN

This paper describes a feeding study with 7 pigs, which were fed with deoxynivalenol contaminated oats at a level of 0.23 mg/kg body mass/day over 16 experiment days. The contamination level of consumed feed was 14.4 mg DON/kg in the ration. The parallel control group of 7 pigs were fed with DON free oats. Urine samples were taken each two days. The content of DON and DOM-1 (de-epoxy deoxynivalenol) in urine was determined. The mean concentration of DON in urine of animals in trial group was 580 µg/l, whereas DOM-1 32 µg/l.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: In einer Fütterungsstudie wurden Schweine in zwei Gruppen zu je 7 Tieren mit kontaminiertem (Versuchsgruppe) und unbelastetem Getreide (Kontrollgruppe) gefüttert. Die Gesamtkonzentration von DON in der Ration der Versuchsgruppe war 14.4 mg/kg. Die Tagesdosis betrug in der Versuchsgruppe 0.23 mg/kg Körpermasse und Tag. Der Versuch dauerte 16 Tage, jeden zweiten Tag wurde der Spontanharn gesammelt. Die Urinproben wurden auf DON und DOM-1 analysiert. Für die Analyse der Urinproben bzw. des Futtermittels wurde eine HPLC-MS Methode verwendet.

5.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med ; 48(6): 365-71, 2001 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11554494

RESUMEN

Regions of the promoter and exons 5-8 of the tumour suppressor gene p53 were analysed in 25 cases of sporadic bovine leucosis. The study included 17 cases of juvenile leucosis, five cases of adult leucosis and three cases of skin leucosis. Exon 2 of tumour suppressor gene p16 was also investigated in the same samples. No sequence variations were present in the analysed areas of the genes. In p53, this fact represents a clear difference in comparison with enzootic bovine leucosis. In p16, no comparative data are available.


Asunto(s)
Leucosis Bovina Enzoótica/genética , Genes p16/genética , Genes p53/genética , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Bovinos , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/genética , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/veterinaria , Exones/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética
6.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr ; 108(1): 19-23, 2001 Jan.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11232419

RESUMEN

3970 feed samples were analysed for the fusariumtoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. 979 (24.6%) of the submitted feed samples from farms with case history (swine herds: decreased feed intake and daily weight gain, vomiting, cannibalism, impaired fertility, small litter size, weakness of newborn piglets, prolonged oestrus of sows; cattle: persistence of follicular ovarian cysts, enteritis, decreased slaughter weight, feed refusal). 74% of the samples contained cereal and corn ingredients respectively or were complete diet samples from swine herds. Based on economic losses the fusariumtoxin deoxynivalenol is most important in Austrian husbandry and particularly found in maize, cornsilage, wheat and oat.


Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal/análisis , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inducido químicamente , Tricotecenos/análisis , Zearalenona/análisis , Animales , Austria , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Grano Comestible/química , Femenino , Fusarium , Embarazo , Porcinos , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/clasificación , Tricotecenos/toxicidad , Zea mays/química , Zearalenona/toxicidad
7.
Berl Munch Tierarztl Wochenschr ; 113(1): 14-21, 2000 Jan.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10684179

RESUMEN

Based on a feeding trial using 27 lactating "Simmental-cows" the effect of naturally contaminated feed with deoxynivalenol (DON) as well as zearalenone (ZON) regarding production parameters was examined. 3 groups of cows according to lactation number, milk yield (kg ECM) and body mass were used. The average daily intake of DON in group K was 12.4 mg, in group T 14.1 mg and in group M 14.3 mg and ZON in group K was 12.4 mg, in group T 0.67 mg and in group M 0.68 mg respectively. The feed of animals of group M was supplemented with "Mycofix Plus" as mycotoxin inactivator. The red and white blood picture including the thrombocytes were in all groups within the normal range. Concerning enzymes (GGT, AP) and metabolites (GLUC, TBIL, UREA, CREA) the mean values of the 3 groups were in the normal range. Slightly increased were the mean values of all groups in respect to the AST- and GLDH-activities. Volatile fatty acids of the rumen content were significantly highest in group M, also the number of dead rumen infusoria was significantly decreased, but the counts of small sized infusoria increased. The study has shown that "Mycofix Plus" might be able to enhance the activity of rumen flora concerning detoxification of mycotoxins in feed of dairy cows.


Asunto(s)
Industria Lechera , Microbiología de Alimentos , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Leche/metabolismo , Micotoxinas/toxicidad , Rumen/fisiología , Tricotecenos/toxicidad , Zearalenona/toxicidad , Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Recuento de Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Recuento de Leucocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Leche/efectos de los fármacos , Recuento de Plaquetas/efectos de los fármacos , Rumen/efectos de los fármacos
8.
Mycotoxin Res ; 16 Suppl 1: 58-61, 2000 Mar.
Artículo en Alemán | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23605416

RESUMEN

3970 feedsamples were analysed for the Fusariumtoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. 979 (24.6 %) of the submitted feed samples came from farms with case history (swine herds: decreased feed intake and daily weight gain, vomiting, cannibalism, impaired fertility, small litter size, weakness of newborn piglets, prolonged oestrus of sows; cattle: persistence of the follicular ovarian cysts, enteritis, decreased slaughter weight, feed refuse), which correlated positively with the mycotoxicological results. 74 % of the samples contained cereal and corn components respectively or complete diet samples from swine herds. Based on economic losses the fusariumtoxin Desoxynivalenol is most important in Austrian husbandry and particularly found in maize, cornsilage, wheat and oat.

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