RESUMEN
PURPOSE: Minimally Invasive Osteosynthesis (MIO) developed to be a key technique in orthopedic trauma surgery, offering a less invasive alternative for managing fractures in various anatomical regions. However, standardized guidelines for its application are lacking. This study aims to establish comprehensive principles for MIO to guide surgeons in treating different types of fractures and its locations. METHODS: A retrospective analysis including 57 fractures in 53 patients was conducted. All patients were treated with MIO. Study range - March 2017 to January 2022 at a Level-I trauma university hospital. The analysis covered various fracture types, focusing on surgical approaches, reduction techniques, plate insertion methods, and its outcomes. The efficacy and safety of MIO was evaluated by analyzing complications, fracture healing time, and necessary revision surgeries. RESULTS: MIO is a versatile and effective fracture treatment that minimized soft tissue damage and ensured stable osteosynthetic results. Articular fractures typically used a "one way up" plate insertion technique, while non-articular fractures applied an "inside-up-and-down" approach. Low complication rates confirmed the safety and efficiency of MIO. CONCLUSION: This research established generalized principles for MIO, offering a systematic approach that can be applied for various fracture types and its locations, by overall enhancing the surgical efficiency as well as patient recovery, without compromising outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: This study is classified as Level III evidence according to "The Oxford 2011 Levels of Evidence".
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The lack of resources limits the treatment of craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) in low-income countries (LIC). Therefore, Barton bandages and/or interdental wiring are considered in these regions. Fracture reduction is maintained by permanent occlusion for 6 weeks, which often leads to limited compliance and dissatisfying results. The aim of this cadaver-based study is to evaluate the feasibility of the use of an external face fixator (EFF) for the treatment of CMF, its biomechanical values and to define the optimal pin insertion points and angles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An AO hand fixator was used. CMF of types Le Fort 1-3 with split fractures of the hard palate were treated with EFF on 13 anatomical specimens. Fractures were created using a chisel, and pins were placed in specific anatomical regions. The maximal pull-out force [N] of pins was analysed by a tensile force gauge, and Fmax of the mandibular pins was evaluated. Computer tomography scans were performed on the healthy, fractured and EFF-treated skulls. RESULTS: The pull-out forces for the single pins were mandibular pins (n = 15, median 488.0 N), supraorbital pins (n = 15, median 455.0 N), zygomatic pins (n = 14, median 269.1 N), medial hard palate pins (n = 12, median 208.4 N) and lateral hard palate pins (n = 8, median 49.6 N). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that the operation technique is feasible, and the stability of the EFF is sufficient for maintaining the reduction. The required pins can safely be inserted into the described areas with good reduction results. Using EFF offers a feasible alternative to the non-surgical treatment of CMF in LIC.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The indication for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) may include articular fractures depending on the fracture pattern. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the MIPO technique for extra- and intra-articular distal humeral fractures. METHODS: The feasibility of the MIPO technique was assessed on 8 cadaveric elbows and 2 clinical cases. The four surgical approaches tested included a 20-mm ulnar incision, a 20-mm dorsoradial incision, and two incisions for olecranon osteotomy (A and B). Surgical incision A was 40 mm on the osteotomy level of the olecranon, and surgical incision B was an extension of the radial incision toward the osteotomy of the olecranon (80 mm). The four approaches were tested on 4 extra-articular (AO 13 A3) fractures and 4 intra-articular (AO 13 C3) fractures. RESULTS: Reduction and plate fixation of all distal humeral fractures (8 cadaveric) with and without osteotomy was feasible. However, when using approach B, the soft tissue tension is reduced due to the wider incision. Nevertheless, both approaches A and B showed the same adequate intra-articular fracture control and reduction. CONCLUSION: The MIPO technique for reduction and plate fixation in distal humeral fractures is feasible. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: As a feasibility study, this study cannot be clearly classified into a level of evidence. It corresponds most closely to level IV.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas , Fracturas Humerales Distales , Fracturas del Húmero , Fracturas Intraarticulares , Herida Quirúrgica , Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Fracturas Intraarticulares/cirugía , Placas Óseas , Cadáver , Fracturas del Húmero/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas del Húmero/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Increasing patient inflow into the emergency department makes it necessary to optimize triage management. The scope of this work was to determine simple factors that could detect fractures in patients without the need for specialized personnel. Between 2014 and 2015, 798 patients were admitted to an orthopedic emergency department and prospectively included in the study. The patients received a questionnaire before contacting the doctor. Objective and subjective data were evaluated to determine fracture risk for the upper and lower extremities. The highest risk for fractures in one region was the hip (73.21%; n = 56), followed by the wrist (60.32%; n = 63) and the femoral shaft (4 of 7, 57.14%; n = 7). The regions with the lowest risk were the knee (8.41%; n = 107), the ankle (18.29%; n = 164), and the forearm shaft (30.00%; n = 10). Age was a predictor for fracture: patients older than 59 years had a risk greater than 59.26%, and patients older than 90 years had a risk greater than 83.33%. The functional questions could exclude fractures. Three factors seem to be able to predict fracture risk: the injured region, the patient's age, and a functional question. They can be used for a probatory heuristic that needs to be proven in a prospective way.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Óseas , Ortopedia , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fracturas Óseas/epidemiología , Probabilidad , Riesgo , HospitalizaciónRESUMEN
Objective: We evaluated the necessity of follow-up chest X-rays (CXRs) to exclude a pneumothorax after 1 week of initial hospital presentation in patients with no signs of respiratory distress and fewer than three rib fractures. Materials and Methods: Adult patients with fewer than three fractured ribs who presented at our Level I trauma center between 2015 and 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with sternal fractures, who had suffered a polytrauma, or were primarily treated with a chest tube were excluded. The patients' and fractures' characteristics, trauma mechanism, median follow-up time, and the number of required secondary interventions were recorded. Results: This study included 249 patients, 137 (55.0%) of whom were male, with a median age of 64.34 years. In 150 patients (60.2%) one rib was affected, in 99 patients (39.8%) two ribs were affected, with the fractured ribs being true ribs (1-7) in 72 cases (28.9%), false ribs (8-12) in 151 cases (60.6%), and both in 26 cases (10.4%). The affected thorax half was the left side in 124 cases (49.8%) and both thorax halves in 4 cases (1.6%). The median follow-up time was 9 ± 4 days. In the follow-up CXRs, six patients (1.6%) required delayed intervention (tube thoracostomy): one case of hemopneumothorax and five cases of pneumothorax. All of the patients fully recovered. Conclusions: Planned CXR follow-ups revealed only a small number of complications that needed intervention and therefore seem not to be necessary. Symptom-triggered reappearance seems to be more sufficient and economical compared to habitual reimaging.
RESUMEN
Little is known about the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) status of uropathogens in Western Africa. We performed a retrospective evaluation of urine cultures collected from the rural Margret Marquart Catholic Hospital, Kpando, Ghana during the time period from October 2019−December 2021. Urine samples from 348 patients (median age 40 years, 52.6% male) were examined. Of these, 125 (35.9%) showed either fungal or bacterial growth, including Escherichia coli in 48 (38.4%), Candida species (spp.) in 29 (23.2%), Klebsiella spp. in 27 (21.6%), Proteus spp. in 12 (9.6%), Citrobacter spp. in 10 (8.0%), Salmonella spp. in 4 (3.2%), Staphylococcus spp. in 3 (2.4%), and Pseudomonas spp. in 2 (1.6%) cases. Two bacterial spp. were detected in 7 samples (5.6%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed resistance to a mean 8.6 out of 11 tested antibiotics per patient. Significant predictors (p < 0.05) of bacterial growth were age (OR 1.03), female sex (OR 3.84), and the number of pus cells (OR 1.05) and epithelial cells (OR 1.07) in urine microscopy. We observed an alarmingly high AMR rate among the uropathogens detected, even to reserve antibiotics. A similar resistance profile can be expected in West African patients living in high-income countries. These observations warrant the implementation of restrictive antibiotic protocols, together with the expansion of urine culture testing capacities, improvement of documentation and reporting of AMR rates, and continued research and development of new antibiotic therapies in order to stem the progression of AMR in this West African region.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Craniomaxillofacial fractures (CMF) are common in low-income countries (LIC). Due to limited resources, treatment of these fractures usually consists of interdental wiring or immobilization with a Barton bandage to maintain the reduction by permanent occlusion. These non-surgical treatment methods often lead to unsatisfactory results, such as a disturbed dental occlusion and lockjaw. The aim of this study is to present an off-label treatment option for CMF by applying a hand fixator as external face fixator (EFF) and to demonstrate the surgical method in detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The feasibility and postoperative outcomes of this new off-label operation technique were evaluated by analyzing patients with CMF (n = 13) treated at an NGO hospital in Sierra Leone between 2015 and 2019. RESULTS: The application of the EFF was feasible. The biggest advantage compared to the conventional non-operative methods was, that a dynamic occlusion was still possible during the 6 weeks healing period. Hence, patients could eat and drink almost normally and perform dental hygiene with the EFF in place. We did not discover pintrack infections or other complications. Three patients developed an oronasal fistula due to traumatic a palatal bone loss of about 7-8 mm which was treated by a palatal mucoperiosteal flap 15-20 days after the first operation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: In LIC, where plate osteosynthesis for CMF cannot be performed due to limited resources the application of an EFF is a promising alternative for a better outcome and an improved quality of life for the patients.
RESUMEN
Fall-related hospitalizations among older adults have been increasing in recent decades. One of the most common reasons for this is minimal or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in older individuals taking anticoagulant medication. In this study, we analyzed all inpatient stays from January 2017 to December 2019 of patients aged > 75 years with a mTBI on anticoagulant therapy who received at least two cranial computer tomography (cCT) scans. Of 1477 inpatient stays, 39 had primary cranial bleeding, and in 1438 the results of initial scans were negative for cranial bleeding. Of these 1438 cases, 6 suffered secondary bleeding from the control cCT scan. There was no significance for bleeding related to the type of anticoagulation. We conclude that geriatric patients under anticoagulant medication don't need a second cCT scan if the primary cCT was negative for intracranial bleeding and the patient shows no clinical signs of bleeding. These patients can be dismissed but require an evaluation for need of home care or protective measures to prevent recurrent falls. The type of anticoagulant medication does not affect the risk of bleeding.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Description of a reproducible surgical technique for single-bundle anterolateral reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) based on a septum-sparing approach. This technique is less traumatic than the trans-septum approach. The article illustrates surgical steps to simplify the technical aspects of the procedure. INDICATIONS: A complete grade III symptomatic tear of the PCL associated with instability and often discomfort (deceleration, stairs) or subsequent gonalgia arising from the medial compartment or patellofemoral joint. Injury of the peripheral joint stabilizers alongside the PCL including the posterolateral corner or a complete medial knee injury. The procedure is indicated in chronic cases, but also in acute cases of posterior instability >â¯10â¯mm, if it is an intraligamentous tear with dislocated PCL stumps. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Bony avulsions of the PCL suitable for refixation, soft tissue compromise, infection, advanced osteoarthritic disease. SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: After diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee, the ipsilateral semitendinosus and gracilis tendons are harvested and prepared as a 6-strand graft for PCL reconstruction. One high anterolateral viewing portal, one low anterolateral portal, one anteromedial portal, and a posteromedial portal are used for single-bundle reconstruction via one femoral and one tibial bone tunnel and hybrid graft fixation. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Weight bearing is restricted to 20â¯kg for 6 weeks. PCL brace with tibial support for a period of 12 weeks. Flexion is limited to 30° in the first 2 postoperative weeks, then 60° for 2 weeks, and 90° for 2 further weeks. Passive flexion in prone position is performed. Active focused muscle strengthening exercise is begun after 6 weeks postoperatively and participation in competitive sports is not recommended before full muscle strength and coordination is re-established, at the earliest 9-12 months postoperatively. RESULTS: Two isolated and 19 combined PCL injuries were treated. Mean patient age was 27.4 years, and the minimal follow-up was 12 months. On average, we found good clinical outcome with slight degree of posterior laxity (4.1â¯mm) after PCL reconstruction in comparison with the contralateral knee. No patient showed signs of effusion at follow-up. Range of motion was fully restored in 19 of 21 patients. One patient suffered failure due to persistent posterior instability and persistence of symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Traumatismos de la Rodilla , Reconstrucción del Ligamento Cruzado Posterior , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior , Adulto , Humanos , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/cirugía , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior/diagnóstico por imagen , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior/cirugía , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Promotion of rhBMP2 and rhBMP7 for the routine use to support fracture healing has been hampered by high costs, safety concerns and reasonable failure rates, imposing restrictions in its clinical use. Since there is little debate regarding its treatment potential, there is rising need for a better understanding of the mode of action of these BMPs to overcome its drawbacks and promote more efficacious treatment strategies for bone regeneration. Recently, BMP9, owing to its improved osteogenic potential, is gaining attention as a promising therapeutic alternative. Our study aimed at identifying specific gene expression patterns which may predict and explain individual responses to rhBMP7 and rhBMP9 treatments. Therefore, we investigated the effect of rhBMP7 and rhBMP9 on primary human osteoblasts from 110 donors and corresponding THP-1-derived osteoclasts. This was further compared with each other and our reported data on rhBMP2 response. Based on the individual donor response, we found three donor groups profiting from rhBMP treatment either directly via stimulation of osteoblast function or viability and/or indirectly via inhibition of osteoclasts. The response on rhBMP7 treatment correlated with expression levels of the genes BAMBI, SOST, Noggin, Smad4 and RANKL, while the response of rhBMP9 correlated to the expression levels of Alk6, Endoglin, Smurf1, Smurf2, SOST and RANKL in these donors. Noteworthy, rhBMP9 treatment showed significantly increased osteogenic activity (AP activity and Smad nuclear translocation) when compared to the two clinically used rhBMPs. Based on patient's respective expression profiles, clinical application of rhBMP9 either solely or in combination with rhBMP2 and/or rhBMP7 can become a promising new approach to fit the patient's needs to promote fracture healing.
Asunto(s)
Factor 2 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/farmacología , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/farmacología , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 7/farmacología , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/genética , Proteínas Morfogenéticas Óseas/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 2 de Diferenciación de Crecimiento/genética , Humanos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osteoprotegerina/genética , Osteoprotegerina/metabolismo , Ligando RANK/genética , Ligando RANK/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes/farmacología , Retirada de Medicamento por Seguridad , Proteínas Wnt/genética , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic accuracy of a new MRI-based relative lung-to-head ratio in regard to neonatal survival and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the care of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and to compare it with the previously described sonographic relative lung-to-head ratio and relative fetal lung volume assessed at antenatal MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sonographic lung-to-head ratio and MRI fetal lung volume were measured in 90 fetuses (mean gestational age, 31.4+/-4.1 weeks) with CDH. Sonographic relative lung-to-head ratio and MRI relative fetal lung volume were assessed by expressing the observed sonographic lung-to-head ratio and MRI fetal lung volume as a percentage of the expected parameter value. The new MRI relative lung-to-head ratio was assessed as a percentage of the expected MRI lung-to-head ratio based on MRI fetal lung volume and MRI head circumference measurements. Measurements for survival and ECMO requirement were determined with the area under the curve (AUC). Data were analyzed for left-sided defects, right-sided defects, and associated liver herniation. RESULTS: Among fetuses with left-sided CDH, all parameters were excellent in determining neonatal survival and need for ECMO therapy (p Asunto(s)
Cabeza/patología
, Hernia Diafragmática/patología
, Hernias Diafragmáticas Congénitas
, Interpretación de Imagen Asistida por Computador/métodos
, Pulmón/patología
, Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos
, Diagnóstico Prenatal/métodos
, Femenino
, Cabeza/diagnóstico por imagen
, Hernia Diafragmática/diagnóstico por imagen
, Hernia Diafragmática/embriología
, Humanos
, Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen
, Masculino
, Pronóstico
, Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
, Sensibilidad y Especificidad
, Ultrasonografía