RESUMEN
Stable lithiophilic sites in 3D current collectors are the key to guiding the uniform Li deposition and thus suppressing the Li dendrite growth, but such sites created by the conventional surface decoration method are easy to be consumed along with cycling. In this work, carbon fiber (CF)-based 3D porous networks with built-in lithiophilic sites that are stable upon cycling are demonstrated. Such heterostructured architecture is constructed by the introduction of zeolitic imidazolate framework-8-based nanoparticles during the formation of the 3D fibrous carbonaceous network and the following annealing. The introduced Zn species are found to be re-distributed along the entire individual CF in the 3D network, and function as lithiophilic sites that favor the homogenous lithium nucleation and growth. The 3D network also presents a multi-scale porous structure that improves the space utilization of the host. The corresponding symmetric cells adopting such 3D anode demonstrate excellent cycling performance, especially at a high rate (300 cycles at 10 mA cm-2 with a capacity of 5 mA h cm-2 ). A full cell with LiFePO4 cathode shows a capacity retention of 98% after cycling at 1C for 300 cycles. This method provides an effective design strategy for 3D hosting electrodes in dendrite-free alkali metal anode applications.
RESUMEN
AIM: To establish a high-throughput model for screening anti-tumor agents capable of promoting the polymerization of tubulin in vitro. METHODS: Tubulin was prepared in different purity for two screening steps. The first step was a high-throughput screening (HTS) for a set of 1500 samples using the GTP-containing tubulin and the end-reading method. The second step was performed on 119 hits from the first screening by a kinetic assay with GTP-lacking tubulin. RESULTS: The HTS for 1500 samples was accomplished in less than 3 h. From the screening, 108 samples were identified with >20 % promotion activity at 10 mg/L. Five of 108 were further confirmed by the kinetic assay using the purified tubulin subsequently. Three of the hit compounds were Epothilone A or its analogs, the other two compounds had new structures with a common pharmacophore for cytotoxic natural products that stabilize microtubules. In an MTT test, the five selected samples from the screening showed a minimal IC(50) at 0.28+/-0.06 nmol/L to Hela cells. CONCLUSION: The two-step screening method is a high-throughtput, cost-effective, and efficient approach to identify microtubule-stabilizing agents.
