Foxq1 Promotes Alveolar Epithelial Cell Death through Tle1-mediated Inhibition of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common respiratory disease characterized by diffuse alveolar injury and interstitial edema, as well as a hyperinflammatory response, lung cell damage, and oxidative stress. Foxq1, a member of the FOX family of transcription factors, is expressed in various tissues, such as the lungs, liver, and kidneys, and contributes to various biological processes, such as stress, metabolism, cell cycle arrest, and aging-related apoptosis. However, the role of Foxq1 in ALI is unknown. We constructed ex vivo and in vivo ALI models by LPS tracheal perfusion of ICR mice and conditioned medium stimulation of injured MLE-12 cells. Foxq1 expression was increased, and its localization was altered, in our ALI model. In normal or injured MLE-12 cells, knockdown of Foxq1 promoted cell survival, and overexpression had the opposite effect. This regulatory effect was likely mediated by Tle1 and the NF-κB/Bcl2/Bax signaling pathway. These data suggest a potential link between Foxq1 and ALI, indicating that Foxq1 can be used as a biomarker for the diagnosis of ALI. Targeted inhibition of Foxq1 expression could promote alveolar epithelial cell survival and may provide a strategy for mitigating ALI.

Unveiling characteristics and determinants of China's wind power geographies towards low-carbon transition.

The temporal and spatial patterns of wind power installation and the evaluation of carbon emission reduction potentials are of great significance to promoting China's wind power development planning and dual carbon targets achievement. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics, identifies main driving factors, and measures carbon emission reduction potentials of China's wind power installation by province based on spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatial econometric model. Overall, China's wind power installed capacity increased rapidly from 346 MW in 2000 to 279,550 MW in 2020, basically showing a significant positive spatial correlation during 2000 and 2020. Regarding driving factors of wind power installation, the technological factors and environmental factors were the main positive factors for wind power installation, and the economic factors and resource endowments showed positive spatial spillover effects. Regarding carbon emission reduction potentials, the carbon emission reduction potentials of China's wind power installation increased by year, among which Northwest China gradually accelerated Northeast China after 2015. Based on China's wind power evolution characteristics and carbon emission reduction potentials, this study attempts to provide quantitative supports and policy implications to promote sustainable development of wind power industry and the achievement of carbon peak and carbon neutrality within China.

Development of the dipeptidyl peptidase 4 family and its association with lung diseases: a narrative review.

Background and Objective: Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)4 is a member of a subfamily of serine peptidase S9. DPP4, expressed as a type II transmembrane protein, has a wide tissue distribution and is most active in the lung and small intestine. Many substrates of DPP4 have been identified, including neuropeptides, chemokines, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and gastric inhibitory polypeptides (GIPs). DPP4 inhibitors are clinically useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. DPP9, an N-terminal dipeptide targeting enzyme with proline or alanine, may have DPP4-like activity. DPP9 is ubiquitously expressed at human and rodent messenger RNA (mRNA) levels and therefore may play a role in the immune system and epithelial cells. It has been shown that DPP9 plays an important signaling role in the regulation of survival and proliferation pathways and is also involved in cell migration, apoptosis, and cell adhesion. In recent years, there has been further progress in DPP9 inhibition through activation of apoptosis by the inflammasome sensor protein Nlrp1b. This study aims to investigate the association of DPP4 family members and DPP9 with lung disease. Methods: The literature search was initiated using the PubMed database. We searched for the content (DPP4) AND (Lung Diseases), (DPP9) AND (Lung Diseases), from which we filtered the literature we needed. Key Content and Findings: Given the high biological activity of the DPP4 family, their involvement in various lung diseases is highly relevant. There is growing evidence for the importance of DPP4 and DPP9 of the DPP4 family in lung diseases, which are closely associated with diseases such as asthma, lung infections, pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and lung cancer. Conclusions: This review summarizes most of the current evidence that DPP4/9 is associated with lung disease. Within the DPP4 family, the role of DPP4 in particular in respiratory disease is important.

The spatial differences of the synergy between CO2 and air pollutant emissions in China's 296 cities.

The emissions reduction of CO2 and air pollutants are the main task in China. The two have the same roots and they interact with each other. However, CO2 and air pollutants are quite different in space, so it is of great practical significance to explore the spatial differences of their synergy. As PM2.5 and O3 are more concerned at present, thus, this paper examined the decoupling of CO2, PM2.5 and O3 from GDP in China's 296 cities using the latest available data from 2015 to 2016. And the spatial differences of synergy among CO2, PM2.5 and O3 were quantitatively analyzed by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographically weighted regression model. The results showed that: (1) The cities achieving the three synergy emissions reduction were mainly in the southeast of China. (2) Only 26 cities had achieved the strong decoupling of CO2, PM2.5 and O3 from GDP. (3) The synergy characteristics between CO2 and PM2.5, CO2 and O3 were different. This paper put forward the policies according to the conclusions.