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BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress is an unavoidable process in kidney transplantation and is closely related to the development of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. This study aimed to investigate the biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and their potential biological functions during acute rejection of kidney transplants. METHODS: We identified Hub genes using five machine learning algorithms based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the kidney transplant acute rejection dataset GSE50058 and oxidative stress-related genes (OS) obtained from the MSigDB database, and validated them with the datasets GSE1563 and GSE9493, as well as with animal experiments; Subsequently, we explored the potential biological functions of Hub genes using single-gene GSEA enrichment analysis; The Cibersort algorithm was used to explore the altered levels of infiltration of 22 immune cells during acute rejection of renal transplantation, and a correlation analysis between Hub genes and immune cells was performed; Finally, we also explored transcription factors (TFs), miRNAs, and potential drugs that regulate Hub genes. RESULTS: We obtained a total of 57 genes, which we defined as oxidative stress-associated differential genes (DEOSGs), after intersecting DEGs during acute rejection of kidney transplants with OSs obtained from the MSigDB database; The results of enrichment analysis revealed that DEOSGs were mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, response to reactive oxygen species, and regulation of oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species; Subsequently, we identified one Hub gene as APOD using five machine learning algorithms, which were validated by validation sets and animal experiments; The results of single-gene GSEA enrichment analysis revealed that APOD was closely associated with the regulation of immune signaling pathways during acute rejection of kidney transplants; The Cibersort algorithm found that the infiltration levels of a total of 10 immune cells were altered in acute rejection, while APOD was found to correlate with the expression of multiple immune cells; Finally, we also identified 154 TFs, 12 miRNAs, and 12 drugs or compounds associated with APOD regulation. CONCLUSION: In this study, APOD was identified as a biomarker associated with oxidative stress during acute rejection of kidney transplants using multiple machine learning algorithms, which provides a potential therapeutic target for mitigating oxidative stress injury and reducing the incidence of acute rejection in kidney transplantation.
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Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) is a therapeutic target in treating neurodegenerative diseases and cancers. RIPK1 has three distinct functional domains, with the center domain containing a receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif (RHIM), which mediates amyloid formation. The functional amyloid formed by RIPK1 and/or RIPK3 is a crucial intermediate in regulating cell necroptosis. In this study, the amyloid structure of mouse RIPK1, formed by an 82-residue sequence centered at RHIM, is presented. It reveals the "N"-shaped folding of the protein subunit in the fibril with four ß-strands. The folding pattern is shared by several amyloid structures formed by proteins with RHIM, with the central ß-strand formed by the most conserved tetrad sequence I/VQI/VG. However, the solid-state NMR results indicate a structural difference between mouse RIPK1 and mouse RIPK3. A change in the structural rigidity is also suggested by the observation of weakened signals for mouse RIPK3 upon mixing with RIPK1 to form the RIPK1/RIPK3 complex fibrils. Our results provide vital information to understand the interactions between different proteins with RHIM, which will help us further comprehend the regulation mechanism in cell necroptosis.
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Amiloide , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/metabolismo , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/química , Proteína Serina-Treonina Quinasas de Interacción con Receptores/genética , Animales , Ratones , Amiloide/metabolismo , Amiloide/química , Humanos , Necroptosis , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Dominios Proteicos , Unión Proteica , Modelos MolecularesRESUMEN
Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) have emerged as promising tools for gene therapy due to their safety and efficacy in delivering therapeutic genes or gene editing sequences to various tissues and organs. AAV serotype 9 (AAV9), among AAV serotypes, stands out for its ability to efficiently target multiple tissues, thus holding significant potential for clinical applications. However, existing methods for purifying AAVs are cumbersome, expensive, and often yield inconsistent results. In this study, we explore a novel purification strategy utilizing Dynabeads™ CaptureSelect™ magnetic beads. The AAV9 magnetic beads capture AAV9 with high specificity and recovery between 70 and 90%, whereas the AAVX magnetic beads did not bind to the AAV9. Through continuous interaction with AAVs in solution, these beads offer enhanced clearance of genomic DNA and plasmids even in the absence of endonuclease. The beads could be regenerated at least eight times, and the used beads could be stored for up to six months and reused without a significant reduction in recovery. The potency of the AAV9-purified vectors in vivo was comparable to that of iodixanol purified vectors.
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Dependovirus , Vectores Genéticos , Dependovirus/genética , Dependovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Vectores Genéticos/genética , Animales , Células HEK293 , Ratones , Terapia Genética/métodosRESUMEN
Nicotine is developmentally toxic. Prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) affects the development of multiple fetal organs and causes susceptibility to a variety of diseases in offspring. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PNE on cartilage development and osteoarthritis susceptibility in female offspring rats. Wistar rats were orally gavaged with nicotine on days 9-20 of pregnancy. The articular cartilage was obtained at gestational day (GD) 20 and postnatal week (PW) 24, respectively. Further, the effect of nicotine on chondrogenic differentiation was explored by the chondrogenic differentiation model in human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs). The PNE group showed significantly shallower Safranin O staining and lower Collagen 2a1 content of articular cartilage in female offspring rats. Further, we found that PNE activated pyroptosis in the articular cartilage at GD20 and PW24. In vitro experiments revealed that nicotine inhibited chondrogenic differentiation and activated pyroptosis. After interfering with nod-like receptors3 (NLRP3) expression by SiRNA, it was found that pyroptosis mediated the chondrogenic differentiation inhibition of WJ-MSCs induced by nicotine. In addition, we found that α7-nAChR antagonist α-BTX reversed nicotine-induced NLRP3 and P300 high expression. And, P300 SiRNA reversed the increase of NLRP3 mRNA expression and histone acetylation level in its promoter region induced by nicotine. In conclusion, PNE caused chondrodysplasia and poor articular cartilage quality in female offspring rats. PNE increased the histone acetylation level of NLRP3 promoter region by α7-nAChR/P300, which resulting in the high expression of NLRP3. Further, NLRP3 mediated the inhibition of chondrogenic differentiation by activating pyroptosis.
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Cartílago Articular , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR , Nicotina , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Piroptosis , Ratas Wistar , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7 , Animales , Nicotina/farmacología , Nicotina/toxicidad , Femenino , Cartílago Articular/efectos de los fármacos , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Cartílago Articular/patología , Proteína con Dominio Pirina 3 de la Familia NLR/metabolismo , Embarazo , Piroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Receptor Nicotínico de Acetilcolina alfa 7/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/metabolismo , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/inducido químicamente , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/patología , Condrogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Condrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Condrocitos/metabolismo , Condrocitos/citologíaRESUMEN
Background: Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best treatment for end-stage renal disease. Although long and short-term survival rates for the graft have improved significantly with the development of immunosuppressants, acute rejection (AR) remains a major risk factor attacking the graft and patients. The innate immune response plays an important role in rejection. Therefore, our objective is to determine the biomarkers of congenital immunity associated with AR after KT and provide support for future research. Materials and Methods: A differential expression genes (DEGs) analysis was performed based on the dataset GSE174020 from the NCBI gene Expression Synthesis Database (GEO) and then combined with the GSE5099 M1 macrophage-related gene identified in the Molecular Signatures Database. We then identified genes in DEGs associated with M1 macrophages defined as DEM1Gs and performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Cibersort was used to analyze the immune cell infiltration during AR. At the same time, we used the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and Cytoscape software to determine the key genes. Dataset, GSE14328 derived from pediatric patients, GSE138043 and GSE9493 derived from adult patients, were used to verify Hub genes. Additional verification was the rat KT model, which was used to perform HE staining, immunohistochemical staining, and Western Blot. Hub genes were searched in the HPA database to confirm their expression. Finally, we construct the interaction network of transcription factor (TF)-Hub genes and miRNA-Hub genes. Results: Compared to the normal group, 366 genes were upregulated, and 423 genes were downregulated in the AR group. Then, 106 genes related to M1 macrophages were found among these genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that these genes are mainly involved in cytokine binding, antigen binding, NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activation of immune receptors and immune response, and activation of the inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway. Two Hub genes, namely CCR7 and CD48, were identified by PPI and Cytoscape analysis. They have been verified in external validation sets, originated from both pediatric patients and adult patients, and animal experiments. In the HPA database, CCR7 and CD48 are mainly expressed in T cells, B cells, macrophages, and tissues where these immune cells are distributed. In addition to immunoinfiltration, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK cells, NKT cells, and monocytes increased significantly in the AR group, which was highly consistent with the results of Hub gene screening. Finally, we predicted that 19 TFs and 32 miRNAs might interact with the Hub gene. Conclusions: Through a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis, our findings may provide predictive and therapeutic targets for AR after KT.
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Antígeno CD48 , Rechazo de Injerto , Trasplante de Riñón , Macrófagos , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Receptores CCR7 , Humanos , Rechazo de Injerto/inmunología , Rechazo de Injerto/genética , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Animales , Niño , Ratas , Receptores CCR7/genética , Receptores CCR7/metabolismo , Antígeno CD48/genética , Antígeno CD48/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Biomarcadores , Biología Computacional/métodos , Masculino , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Ontología de Genes , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , MicroARNs/genéticaRESUMEN
Protein engineering through the chemical or enzymatic ligation of polypeptide fragments has proven enormously powerful for studying countless biochemical processes in vitro. In general, this strategy necessitates a protein folding step following ligation of the unstructured fragments, a requirement that constrains the types of systems amenable to the approach. Here, we report an in vitro strategy that allows internal regions of target proteins to be replaced in a single operation. Conceptually, our system is analogous to a DNA transposition reaction, but employs orthogonal pairs of split inteins to swap out a designated region of a host protein with an exogenous molecular cassette. We show using isotopic labeling experiments that this 'protein transposition' reaction is concerted when the kinetics for the embedded intein pairs are suitably matched. Critically, this feature allows for efficient manipulation of protein primary structure in the context of a native fold. The utility of this method is illustrated using several protein systems including the multisubunit chromatin remodeling complex, ACF, where we also show protein transposition can occur in situ within the cell nucleus. By carrying out a molecular 'cut and paste' on a protein or protein complex under native folding conditions, our approach dramatically expands the scope of protein semisynthesis.
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Preliminary pharmacological studies revealed that the EtOAc fraction (BGEA) might be the main active fraction with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects in Beaumontia grandiflora Wall. Further assays on BGEA at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg using four animal models showed that it could inhibit the xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced paw edema, and acetic acid-induced writhing and prolong the latency time in the hot-plate test. ELISA analysis revealed that the anti-inflammatory activity of BGEA might be associated with the decrease of TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 levels and the increase of the IL-10 level. The acute toxicity test showed that except for the n-BuOH fraction, the LD50 values of the extract and other three fractions were higher than 2000 mg/kg bw. Finally, 14 compounds were identified from BGEA by LC-MS. This research provides some basis for the folk use of B. grandiflora in the treatment of inflammation and pain-related diseases.
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Purpose: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is thought to cause lamina cribrosa (LC) blood vessel distortions and potentially collapse, adversely affecting LC hemodynamics, reducing oxygenation, and triggering, or contributing to, glaucomatous neuropathy. We assessed the robustness of LC perfusion and oxygenation to vessel collapses. Methods: From histology, we reconstructed three-dimensional eye-specific LC vessel networks of two healthy monkey eyes. We used numerical simulations to estimate LC perfusion and from this the oxygenation. We then evaluated the effects of collapsing a fraction of LC vessels (0%-36%). The collapsed vessels were selected through three scenarios: stochastic (collapse randomly), systematic (collapse strictly by the magnitude of local experimentally determined IOP-induced compression), and mixed (a combination of stochastic and systematic). Results: LC blood flow decreased linearly as vessels collapsed-faster for stochastic and mixed scenarios and slower for the systematic one. LC regions suffering severe hypoxia (oxygen <8 mmâ¯Hg) increased proportionally to the collapsed vessels in the systematic scenario. For the stochastic and mixed scenarios, severe hypoxia did not occur until 15% of vessels collapsed. Some LC regions had higher perfusion and oxygenation as vessels collapsed elsewhere. Some severely hypoxic regions maintained normal blood flow. Results were equivalent for both networks and patterns of experimental IOP-induced compression. Conclusions: LC blood flow was sensitive to distributed vessel collapses (stochastic and mixed) and moderately vulnerable to clustered collapses (systematic). Conversely, LC oxygenation was robust to distributed vessel collapses and sensitive to clustered collapses. Locally normal flow does not imply adequate oxygenation. The actual nature of IOP-induced vessel collapse remains unknown.
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Presión Intraocular , Disco Óptico , Oxígeno , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional , Animales , Presión Intraocular/fisiología , Flujo Sanguíneo Regional/fisiología , Disco Óptico/irrigación sanguínea , Hipertensión Ocular/fisiopatología , Macaca mulatta , Imagenología Tridimensional , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a continuum of lung changes caused by multiple lung injuries, characterized by a syndrome of uncontrolled systemic inflammation that often leads to significant morbidity and death. Anti-inflammatory is one of its treatment methods, but there is no safe and available drug therapy. Syringic acid (SA) is a natural organic compound commonly found in a variety of plants, especially in certain woody plants and fruits. In modern pharmacological studies, SA has anti-inflammatory effects and therefore may be a potentially safe and available compound for the treatment of acute lung injury. PURPOSE: This study attempts to reveal the protective mechanism of SA against ALI by affecting the polarization of macrophages and the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway. Trying to find a safer and more effective drug therapy for clinical use. METHODS: We constructed the ALI model using C57BL/6 mice by intratracheal instillation of LPS (10 mg/kg). Histological analysis was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). The wet-dry ratio of the whole lung was measured to evaluate pulmonary edema. The effect of SA on macrophage M1-type was detected by flow cytometry. BCA protein quantification method was used to determine the total protein concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The levels of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1ß, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in BALF were determined by the ELISA kits, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1ß and TNF-α mRNA of lung tissue. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα in the NF-κB pathway in lung tissue. In vitro experiments were conducted with RAW267.4 cell inflammation model induced by 100 ng/ml LPS and A549 cell inflammation model induced by 10 µg/ml LPS. The effects of SA on M1-type and M2-type macrophages of RAW267.4 macrophages induced by LPS were detected by flow cytometry. The toxicity of compound SA to A549 cells was detected by MTT method which to determine the safe dose of SA. The expressions of COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα protein in NF-κB pathway were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: We found that the pre-treatment of SA significantly reduced the degree of lung injury, and the infiltration of neutrophils in the lung interstitium and alveolar space of the lung. The formation of transparent membrane in lung tissue and thickening of alveolar septum were significantly reduced compared with the model group, and the wet-dry ratio of the lung was also reduced. ELISA and RT-qPCR results showed that SA could significantly inhibit the production of IL-6, IL-1ß, TNF-α. At the same time, SA could significantly inhibit the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and could inhibit the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα proteins. in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro experiments, we found that flow cytometry showed that SA could significantly inhibit the polarization of macrophages from M0 type macrophages to M1-type macrophages, while SA could promote the polarization of M1-type macrophages to M2-type macrophages. The results of MTT assay showed that SA had no obvious cytotoxicity to A549 cells when the concentration was not higher than 80 µM, while LPS could promote the proliferation of A549 cells. In the study of anti-inflammatory effect, SA can significantly inhibit the expression of COX-2 and the phosphorylation of p65 and IκBα proteins in LPS-induced A549 cells. CONCLUSION: SA has possessed a crucial anti-ALI role in LPS-induced mice. The mechanism was elucidated, suggesting that the inhibition of macrophage polarization to M1-type and the promotion of macrophage polarization to M2-type, as well as the inhibition of NF-κB pathway by SA may be the reasons for its anti-ALI. This finding provides important molecular evidence for the further application of SA in the clinical treatment of ALI.
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Lesión Pulmonar Aguda , Ácido Gálico , Lipopolisacáridos , Macrófagos , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , FN-kappa B , Animales , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/inducido químicamente , Ratones , Ácido Gálico/farmacología , Ácido Gálico/análogos & derivados , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Masculino , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Células RAW 264.7 , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Macrophage type 1 (M1) cells are associated with both acute kidney injury (AKI) during kidney transplantation and acute rejection (AR) after kidney transplantation. Our study explored M1-related biomarkers involved in both AKI and AR and their potential biological functions. METHODS: Based on the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the immune cell infiltration levels and differentially expressed genes were examined in AKI and AR in the kidney transplantation; M1-related genes shared in AKI and AR were identified using weighted gene co-expression analysis (WGCNA) system. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and machine learning methods to identify Hub genes and construct diagnostic models. Both AKI model and AR rat models were built to validate the expressions of Hub genes and test the injury phenotype, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory factors. Finally, the transcription factor (TF)-Hub gene and micro-RNA (miRNA)-Hub gene regulatory networks were constructed based on identified Hub genes. RESULTS: Out of 2167 differential expression genes (DEGs) in AKI and 2100 DEGs in AR, four M1-related Hub genes were obtained by PPI networks and machine learning methods, namely GBP2, TYROBP, CCR5, and TLR8. The calibration curves in the nomogram diagnostic model for these four Hub genes suggested the same predictive probability as an ideal model for AKI and AR after kidney transplantation (AUC values of the area under the ROC curve were all >0.7). The same observations were confirmed in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) and AR rat models by identifying common four Hub genes (GBP2, TYROBP, TLR8, and CCR5). Western blots showed that these four Hub genes were significantly different in rat models of IRI and AR (all p<0.05). Compared with the control group, IRI and AR groups showed aggravated histopathological damage and increased secretion of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory factors in rat kidneys (all p<0.05). Finally, TF-Hub and miRNA-Hub gene regulatory networks were constructed to provide a theoretical basis for the regulation of Hub genes. CONCLUSION: We identified four macrophage M1-related Hub genes shared among AKI and AR after kidney transplantation. These genes may be considered for diagnosis of AKI and AR after kidney transplantation.
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Lesión Renal Aguda , Biomarcadores , Rechazo de Injerto , Trasplante de Riñón , Lesión Renal Aguda/genética , Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico , Animales , Rechazo de Injerto/diagnóstico , Rechazo de Injerto/genética , Ratas , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Transcriptoma , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Mapas de Interacción de Proteínas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , MicroARNs/genética , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Macrophages play an important role in the development and progression of acute rejection after kidney transplantation. The study aims to investigate the biological role and significance of macrophage-associated genes (MAG) in acute rejection after kidney transplantation. We utilized transcriptome sequencing results from public databases related to acute rejection of kidney transplantation for comprehensive analysis and validation in animal experiments. We found that a large number of immune-related signaling pathways are activated in acute rejection. PPI protein interaction networks and machine learning were used to establish a Hub gene consisting of TYROBP and TLR8 for the diagnosis of acute rejection. The single-gene GSEA enrichment analysis and immune cell correlation analysis revealed a close correlation between the expression of Hub genes and immune-related biological pathways as well as the expression of multiple immune cells. In addition, the study of TF, miRNAs, and drugs provided a theoretical basis for regulating and treating the Hub genes in acute rejection. Finally, the animal experiments demonstrated once again that acute rejection can aggravate kidney tissue damage, apoptosis level, and increase the release of inflammatory factors. We established and validated a macrophage-associated diagnostic model for acute rejection after kidney transplantation, which can accurately diagnose the biological alterations in acute rejection after kidney transplantation.
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Trasplante de Riñón , Animales , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Receptor Toll-Like 8 , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Biomarcadores , MacrófagosRESUMEN
Purpose: The lamina cribrosa (LC) depends on the sclera for support. The support must be provided through the LC insertions. Although a continuous insertion over the whole LC periphery is often assumed, LC insertions are actually discrete locations where LC collagenous beams meet the sclera. We hypothesized that LC insertions vary in number, size, and shape by quadrant and depth. Methods: Coronal cryosections through the full LCs from six healthy monkey eyes were imaged using instant polarized light microscopy. The images were registered into a stack, on which we manually marked LC insertion outlines, nothing their position in-depth and quadrant (inferior, superior, nasal, or temporal). From the marks, we determined the insertion number, width, angle to the canal wall (90 degrees = perpendicular), and insertion ratio (fraction of LC periphery represented by insertions). Using linear mixed effect models, we determined if the insertion characteristics were associated with depth or quadrant. Results: Insertions in the anterior LC were sparser, narrower, and more slanted than those in deeper LC (P values < 0.001). There were more insertions spanning a larger ratio of the canal wall in the middle LC than in the anterior and posterior (P values < 0.001). In the nasal quadrant, the insertion angles were significantly smaller (P < 0.001). Conclusions: LC insertions vary substantially and significantly over the canal. The sparser, narrower, and more slanted insertions of the anterior-most LC may not provide the robust support afforded by insertions of the middle and posterior LC. These variations may contribute to the progressive deepening of the LC and regional susceptibility to glaucoma.
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Disco Óptico , Esclerótica , Esclerótica/anatomía & histología , Animales , Disco Óptico/anatomía & histología , Disco Óptico/diagnóstico por imagen , Microscopía de Polarización , Macaca mulatta , MasculinoRESUMEN
Under abiotic stress, plant root exudates can improve plant growth performance. However, studies on the effect of root exudates on the stress resistance of another plant are insufficient. In this study, root exudates (REs) were extracted from Suaeda glauca to explore their effect on alfalfa seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that the plant height and fresh weight of alfalfa significantly increased by 47.72% and 53.39% after 7 days of RE treatment at a 0.4% NaCl concentration. Under 1.2% salt stress, REs reduced the Malondialdehyde content in alfalfa by 30.14% and increased the activity of its antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase and catalase) and the content of its osmotic regulators (soluble sugar and proline) by 60.68%, 52%, 45.67%, and 38.67%, respectively. Soil enzyme activity and the abundance of soil-beneficial bacteria were increased by REs. Spearman analysis showed that urease and neutral phosphatase were related to the richness of beneficial bacteria. Redundancy analysis confirmed that urease affected the composition of the soil bacterial community. The partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) revealed that REs had a direct positive effect on alfalfa growth under salt stress by regulating the plant's injury and antioxidant systems, and the soil bacterial community had an indirect positive effect on alfalfa growth through soil enzyme activity.
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We present a novel fiber-interferometric device that achieves dual functionality: simultaneous amplification of the pulsed input signal and generation of its second harmonic while effectively suppressing the intensity noise in both modes, reaching the standard quantum-limit. The underlaying mechanism is based on phase-biased nonlinear polarization rotation coupled with type-I phase-matched second harmonic generation, a concept that is both theoretically investigated and experimentally verified. In the experiment, a fiber-optic system is constructed capable of generating 42â MHz ultra-low noise sub-150 fs output pulse trains simultaneously at 1030â nm and 515â nm, with average powers of 165â mW and 50â mW, respectively. Systematic frequency-resolved intensity noise measurements confirm dual wavelength, quantum-limited noise suppression beyond 100 kHz offset-frequency, with suppression levels up to 14â dB, showing correlation with local maxima in average power in both fundamental and second harmonic mode.
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We demonstrate the strong performance enhancement of an all-polarization-maintaining mode-locked fiber oscillator using a linear self-stabilized fiber interferometer via the suppression of the cross-phase modulation (XPM). Numerical simulations reveal that XPM significantly affects the saturable absorber dynamics resulting in strong distortions of the mode-locked steady-states and output pulse quality. For experimental verification, we construct an oscillator with XPM suppression, employing an intra-cavity YVO4 crystal to obtain a differential walk-off effect and compare its characteristics with a reference oscillator in a standard configuration. It is shown, that the XPM suppression not only lowers the mode-locking threshold by more than 45% but further results in improved pulse quality at the output ports and reduced nonlinear loss in the artificial saturable absorber.
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Aneurisma Falso , Fístula Arteriovenosa , Arteria Femoral , Vena Femoral , Enfermedad Iatrogénica , Humanos , Aneurisma Falso/etiología , Aneurisma Falso/diagnóstico por imagen , Aneurisma Falso/cirugía , Fístula Arteriovenosa/etiología , Fístula Arteriovenosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Fístula Arteriovenosa/cirugía , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Arteria Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Arteria Femoral/lesiones , Vena Femoral/diagnóstico por imagen , Vena Femoral/cirugía , Masculino , Angiografía por Tomografía Computarizada , Resultado del Tratamiento , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/etiología , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/cirugía , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of patellar fractures, MRI was utilized to identify the imaging signs of various types of patellar fractures. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using MRI images of 52 patients with patellar fractures. Observing the development of patellar and femoral morphology and the imaging manifestations of different fracture types, such as fracture displacement, and damage to accessory ligaments, tendons, and meniscus, type of joint cavity effusion, and damage to surrounding accessory bones were identified. RESULTS: There were 21 tangential fractures (40.4%), 8 transverse fractures (15.4%), 8 longitudinal fractures (15.4%), 4 oblique fractures (7.7%), and 11 comminuted fractures (21.2%) among the 52 patients with patellar fracture. Tangential fractures begin at a younger age than the other four forms of fractures. When tangential fractures were compared to other types of fractures, medial patellar retinaculum and anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries were statistically significant (P< 0.05). The detection rate of trochlear dysplasia, type II and type III patellar was higher in patients with tangential fractures than in other fractures. CONCLUSIONS: Tangential fractures are less common to cause anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injuries than other types of fractures, but they are more likely to cause medial patellar retinaculum injuries.
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Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Fracturas Óseas , Traumatismos de la Rodilla , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Fracturas Óseas/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Traumatismos de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen por Resonancia MagnéticaRESUMEN
Soybean (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) is highly suitable as animal feed. The silage quality and microbial characteristics of soybean silage are still unclear. Forage soybean (HN389), at six different growth stages (R2-R7), were used as experimental materials to investigate the changes in fermentation, nutritional quality, and microbial characteristics of semidry silage after 0, 7, 14, 30, and 45 d. As the growth period extended, the content of crude protein (CP) and crude fat (EE) gradually increased, while the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the acid detergent fiber (ADF) content decreased. The pH value also decreased gradually with fermentation time, accompanied by increases in the proportion of ammonia-N and the content of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA). In addition, competitive inhibition was observed in the microbial fermentation. With the process of ensiling, Lactobacillus became the dominant bacterial species. The results indicate that the most active stage of fermentation during ensiling occurred within the first 7 days, the fermentation and nutritional quality of the soybean forage were improved, and the optimal mowing stage was the grain stage. Comparison of the microbial abundance showed that all microorganisms entered a stable stage at 30 days of silage. After storage, the dominant bacteria were Lactobacillus, Enterobacter, and Pantoea.