PASS-ALL study of paediatric-inspired versus adult chemotherapy regimens on survival of high-risk Philadelphia-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

This PASS-ALL study was designed to explore the effect of paediatric-inspired versus adult chemotherapy regimens on survival of adolescents and young adults (AYA) with high-risk Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (HR PH-ve B-cell ALL) eligible for allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The PASS-ALL study is a multicentre, observational cohort study, and 143 patients with HR B-cell PH-ve ALL were enrolled from five centres-77 patients allocated in the paediatric-inspired cohort and 66 in the adult cohort with comparable baseline characteristics. Of the 143 patients, 128 cases underwent allo-HSCT. Three-year leukaemia-free survival (LFS) in the paediatric-inspired cohort was 72.2% (95% CI 60.8%-83.6%) compared with 44.6% (95% CI 31.9%-57.3%; p = 0.001). Furthermore, time-to-positive minimal residual disease (TTP-MRD) post-HSCT was marked different, 3-year cumulative incidence of relapse was 25.9% (95% CI 15.8%-37.2%) in paediatric cohort and 45.4% (95% CI 40.0%-57.9%) in adult cohort (p = 0.026). Finally, the 3-year OS rate was 75.3% (95% CI 64.9%-85.7%) for the paediatric-inspired cohort and 64.1% (95% CI 51.8%-76.4%) for the adult cohort (p = 0.074). On a multivariate analysis, paediatric-inspired regimen is a predictive factor for LFS (HR = 2.540, 95% CI 1.327-4.862, p = 0.005). Collectively, our data suggest that paediatric-inspired chemotherapy pre-HSCT results in deeper and durable MRD response reduces relapse post-HSCT and improves survival in HR B-cell PH-ve ALL patients with allo-HSCT.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation overcome the poor prognosis of patients with IKZF1plus CD20-a very high-risk subtype in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Genetic deletions of IKZF1 (IKZF1del) and IKZF1del plus other mutations (IKZF1plus) have been identified in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) with a poor prognosis. Herein, we investigated the combination of IKZF1del and CD20 immunotypes in adult patients with B-ALL in the PDT-ALL-2016 cohort. This study cohort consisted of 161 patients with B-ALL with detailed information on IKZF1del and CD20 expression. The independent cohort included 196 patients from the TARGET dataset. IKZF1del was detected in 36.0% of patients with 3-year event-free survival (EFS) of 37.1 ± 6.7% and overall survival (OS) of 51.5 ± 7.3%, compared to IKZF1 wild-type (IKZF1wt) with an EFS 55.3 ± 5.1% (P = 0.011) and OS 74.4 ± 4.5% (P = 0.013), respectively. CD20-positive (CD20+) was associated with inferior EFS compared to the CD20-negative (CD20-) group (P = 0.020). Furthermore, IKZF1del coupled with CD20+, IKZF1del/CD20+, comprised 12.4% of patients with a 3-year EFS of 25.0 ± 9.7%, compared with IKZF1wt/CD20- (P ≤ 0.001) and IKZF1del/CD20- (P = 0.047) groups. Multivariable analyses demonstrated the independence of IKZF1del/CD20+, with the highest predicted hazard ratio for EFS and OS. Furthermore, the prognostic panel of IKZF1del/CD20+ was confirmed in the TARGET cohort. Notably, neither the IKZF1del, CD20+, or IKZF1del/CD20+ groups were identified to have poor outcomes in the cohort of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (n = 81).Collectively, our data define IKZF1del/CD20+ as a very high-risk subtype in B-ALL, and allo-HSCT could abrogate the poor outcome of both IKZF1del and IKZF1del/CD20+ subsets.

Early T-Cell Precursor Leukemia Has a Higher Risk of Induction-Related Infection among T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Adult.

BACKGROUND: Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, the reports regarding risk factors of induction-related infection are roughly unknown/limited in adult T-ALL during induction chemotherapy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study for the prevalence and risk predictors of induction-related infection among consecutive T-ALL patients (N = 97) enrolled in a PDT-ALL-LBL clinical trial. Of 97 patients with T-ALL enrolled in the trial, 46 were early T-cell precursor (ETP) ALL and 51 were non-ETP ALL. RESULTS: When compared with non-ETP, ETP ALL subtype was characterized with lower neutrophil count (1.35 × 109/L vs. 8.7 × 109/L, P < 0.001) and lower myeloid percentage in the bone marrow (13.35% vs. 35.31%, P = 0.007). Additionally, ETP ALL had longer neutropenia before diagnosis (P < 0.001), as well as during induction chemotherapy (P < 0.001). Notably, the ETP cohort experienced higher cumulative incidence of clinically documented infections (CDI; 33.33%, P = 0.001), microbiologically documented infections (MDI; 45.24%, P = 0.006), resistant infection (11.9%, P = 0.013), and mixed infection (21.43%, P = 0.003), respectively, than those of the non-ETP cohort. Furthermore, multivariable analysis revealed that T-ALL mixed infection was more likely related to chemotherapy response (OR, 0.025; 95% CI 0.127-0.64; P = 0.012) and identified myeloid percentage as a predictor associated with ETP-ALL mixed infection (OR, 0.915; 95% CI 0.843-0.993; P = 0.033), with ROC-defined cut-off value of 2.24% in ETP cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Our data for the first time demonstrated that ETP-ALL characterized with impaired myelopoiesis were more susceptible to induction-related infection among T-ALL populations.

LncRNA uc.48+ siRNA improved diabetic sympathetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats mediated by P2X7 receptor in SCG.

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy includes the sympathetic ganglionic dysfunction. P2X7 receptor in superior cervical ganglia (SCG) participated in the pathological changes of cardiac dysfunction. Abnormal expression of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) was reported to be involved in nervous system diseases. Our preliminary results obtained from rat lncRNA array profiling revealed that the expression of the uc.48+ was significantly increased in the rat SCG in response to diabetic sympathetic pathology. In this study, we found that lncRNAuc.48+ and P2X7 receptor in the SCG were increased in type 2 diabetic rats and were associated with the cardiac dysfunction. The uc.48+ small interference RNA (siRNA) improved the cardiac autonomic dysfunction and decreased the up-regulation P2X7 and the ratio of phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (p-ERK1/2) to ERK1/2 in SCG of type 2 diabetic rats. In conclusion, lncRNA uc.48+ siRNA improved diabetic sympathetic neuropathy in type 2 diabetic rats through regulating the expression of P2X7 and ERK signaling in SCG.