RESUMEN
Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L'Eau, les Glaces et l'Activitié) instrument, preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest geological era of Mars), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (moderate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars's history. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability.
RESUMEN
Dietitians have the opportunity to be leaders in providing medical nutrition therapy and home-delivered meals for people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) in the community setting. Four community agencies developed the Visiting Nurse Service HIV/Home Delivered Meals Program. Fifty clients with the diagnosis of HIV and/or AIDS were served for a 6-month period. The program provided convenient, energy-enhanced nutritious meals. Participants received daily hot and cold, energy- and protein-enhanced home-delivered meals; weekly high-energy, high-protein, shelf-stable Snack Packs; a Medical Nutritional Supplement Sampler Pack; and two home visits from dietitians. Different diet options were available. Dietitians completed 47 initial nutrition assessment and food safety education visits 1 to 2 weeks after meal delivery began, and 35 participants received follow-up nutrition counseling visits 4 to 8 weeks later. Participant data (including weights) were self-reported. Dietitians reported that 13 of 35 participants gained weight (mean = 6 lb), 11 of 35 remained the same weight, and 11 of 35 lost weight (mean = 5 lb). Initially, 14 of 35 participants were considered to be "doing well"; this improved to 19 of 35 participants 1 to 2 months later. Snack Packs were effective means to help participants meet some of their increased nutrient needs. The Medical Nutritional Supplement Sampler Pack was effective in familiarizing each participant with available products. Medical nutrition therapy by registered dietitians helped most participants improve their food consumption.
