Hardware Trojan Mitigation Technique in Network-on-Chip (NoC).

Due to globalization in the semiconductor industry, malevolent modifications made in the hardware circuitry, known as hardware Trojans (HTs), have rendered the security of the chip very critical. Over the years, many methods have been proposed to detect and mitigate these HTs in general integrated circuits. However, insufficient effort has been made for hardware Trojans (HTs) in the network-on-chip. In this study, we implement a countermeasure to congeal the network-on-chip hardware design in order to prevent changes from being made to the network-on-chip design. We propose a collaborative method which uses flit integrity and dynamic flit permutation to eliminate the hardware Trojan inserted into the router of the NoC by a disloyal employee or a third-party vendor corporation. The proposed method increases the number of received packets by up to 10% more compared to existing techniques, which contain HTs in the destination address of the flit. Compared to the runtime HT mitigation method, the proposed scheme also decreases the average latency for the hardware Trojan inserted in the flit's header, tail, and destination field up to 14.7%, 8%, and 3%, respectively.

Microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in a patient of chylous haematuria: report of an unusual finding in urine cytology.

Filariasis is a disabling parasitic disease and it constitutes as a major health problem in most of the tropical and sub-tropical countries. One hundred and twenty million people in at least 80 tropical and sub-tropical countries are infected with lymphatic filarial parasite, with one billion people being at risk of the disease. The laboratory diagnosis of filariasis is conventionally made by demonstrating microfilaria in peripheral blood smear. However, microfilaria have been incidentally detected by doing fine needle aspiration of various lesions in clinically unsuspected cases of filariasis. In 1982, detected microfilariae in the sediment smears of cystoscopically catheterized urine samples, but reports on detection of microfilaria in normally voided urine samples are extremely rare. Here, we are reporting, such a case of microfilariae of Wuchereria bancrofti in an 18-year-old boy who presented with chylous haematuria.

Hydatid disease in childhood: revisited report of an interesting case.

Hydatid disease is a zoonosis caused by the tapeworm of Echinococcus spp. The disease is widely endemic in many sheep and cattle rearing locales. However, hydatidosis does not remain restricted to endemic geographical locales anymore but rather is a global health concern. It is a major public health burden causing significant morbidity and mortality. Echinococcus granulosus involvement in children has a different pattern than adults. Children of all age groups are susceptible and localization of the disease in the lungs is more commonly seen. Multiple liver cysts in the paediatric age group is relatively uncommon. We report an interesting case of multiple liver cysts in a 5-year old boy which was diagnosed as hydatid cysts on histopathological examination.