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AIM: This research aims to explore and evaluate various sedation strategies used in paediatric dentistry, focusing on effectively and safely addressing dental anxiety to improve cooperation during dental treatment in paediatric patients. MATERIALS: To identify relevant studies for this systematic review, the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases were used, combining the terms "sedation" with "pediatric dentistry" or "pedodontics" through the Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Only literature published in English within the last ten years was included. The inclusion criteria were clinical studies, case reports and in vivo studies, while systematic reviews, meta-analyses and studies conducted on animals or in vitro were excluded. After eliminating duplicates, 544 articles were identified, of which 501 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. A further 27 articles were excluded for various reasons, including lack of retrieval, in vitro nature or being reviews. Finally, 16 articles were selected for inclusion in the review. CONCLUSION: These findings underscore the importance of pharmacological management in paediatric dental care, offering valuable insights into the selection and application of sedation techniques to mitigate dental anxiety and enhance patient outcomes.
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OBJECTIVE: Nutrition plays a significant role in preserving the balance of the human body. Considering each person's particular characteristics, diet can directly and indirectly alter the body's immune response. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the connection between a vegetarian diet and its impact on oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the connection between a vegetarian diet and dental health, a search of the literature was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. English language and a publication year between January 1, 2013, and March 1, 2023, were the inclusion criteria for the search. RESULTS: There were 167 articles in total that addressed the subject of interest, and 18 of them were chosen for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a vegetarian diet may alter oral health, namely periodontal health, tooth erosion, and oral microbiome. Even if the data collected prevents the effect of a vegetarian diet on oral health from being confirmed, this study acts as a starting point for future, more focused research.
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Dieta Vegetariana , Salud Bucal , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on our lives all over the world. Changes have occurred in daily life as well as in all medical services. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the emergency accesses in four universities' emergency services during the lockdown period from March to June 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 44,787 patients to evaluate the emergency services of university centers. The medical data of Medical Emergency Service Data (MESD) were assessed by five independent operators considering the epidemiological findings for statistics methods. RESULTS: A lower level of emergency access was reported in March-July compared to the pre-COVID period. The epidemiological data confirmed that female pathologies were more frequent compared to male patients. A fluctuation for almost all urgent healthcare centers was detected, showing one/two peaks per year during the years 2017-2019. The COVID-19 pandemic period did not influence the variety of pathology detected. CONCLUSIONS: After the lockdown period, the emergency services slowly increased in cases. The pre-COVID period showed an overlapping of the most frequent pathologies compared to the post-COVID period: periodontitis (Bari and Tirana), dental fractures (Bari and Bucharest), odontogenic abscess (Bari, Cluj and Tirana).
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , COVID-19/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Pandemias , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Servicio de Urgencia en HospitalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: A biomaterial is any non-pharmaceutical substance or a mixture of synthetic or natural substances used independently or as part of a system for any amount of time with the aim of mending, supporting the growth, or replacing tissues, organs, or functions of the body. It is a non-renewable material that interacts with biological systems. The purpose of this study was to assess the advances in ceramic biomaterials and perform a bibliometric mapping of the literature on the subject. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Scopus database was used for manuscript screening (Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The effect of the scientific production has been assessed using scientometric citational metrics. RESULTS: A total of 2,554 pieces of literature, including 2,234 papers, 170 conference proceedings, 109 reviews, 35 book chapters, 3 editorial letters, and 3 short surveys, were retrieved. Based on the research conducted, it is noted that ceramic materials are high-performing by being porous or glassy and can, therefore, serve as fillers, covering materials, and scaffolds in medicine and biotechnology. They are frequently employed not only in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgery but also in dentistry for dental prostheses. CONCLUSIONS: Materials monitoring methods enable us to track the three-dimensional evolution of ceramics' volume, as well as flaws or micro-cracks.
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Bibliometría , Contención de Riesgos Biológicos , Materiales Biocompatibles , Cerámica , OdontologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Early childhood caries is a common condition that poses a serious risk to children's health because it can progress quickly, resulting in pain, abscesses, and a general decline in health. As a result, invasive therapies are needed, which call for highly skilled personnel. This systematic review of the literature aims to identify the most recent and widely applied early childhood caries (ECC) prevention and treatment approaches. Only substances that act topically and minimally invasive interventions were considered. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The database search was restricted to randomized clinical trials completed within the last five years, specifically those that examined the following procedures: sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, alternative restorative technique (ART), nano-silver fluoride, silver diamine fluoride, and silver modified atraumatic restorative treatment sealants (SMART). RESULTS: A total of 815 articles were found. After removing duplicates, 584 articles were included, and 567 of them were excluded due to not meeting the predefined inclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Every method considered has been proven to be successful in halting the progression of ECC and is well-liked by patients, even those who are unwilling to cooperate, as well as by parents. The most common unfavorable effect of SDF is irreversible black discoloration in treated tooth surfaces, but this is typically not a problem. They are all low-cost, minimally invasive techniques that might also be widely used in large communities and low socioeconomic settings.
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Cariostáticos , Tratamiento Restaurativo Atraumático Dental , Niño , Humanos , Preescolar , Cariostáticos/uso terapéutico , Susceptibilidad a Caries Dentarias , Fluoruro de Sodio/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates the relationship between saliva and dental erosion. The acidic environment that can be established in the mouth leads to dental erosion. Acid pH, low salivary flow, systemic pathologies of patients, intake of acidic foods, and poor oral hygiene contribute to an oral environment that favors the development of dental erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to assess the role of saliva and dental erosion. The inclusion criteria for the search were: year of publication from January 1st, 2013, to March 1st, 2023, and English language. RESULTS: A total of 3,597 articles covering our topic were found, of which 15 were selected for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Saliva protects against erosion by neutralizing and removing intrinsic and extrinsic acids, promoting the formation of an acquired protective film, and providing mineral substrates for remineralization by maintaining homeostasis in the digestive tract and oral cavity.
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Saliva , Erosión de los Dientes , Humanos , Alimentos , Minerales , Boca , Concentración de Iones de HidrógenoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Some of the most significant aspects in orthodontics for achieving favorable treatment outcomes include correct bracket positioning and a shorter period to accomplish bracket bonding. Two different brackets bonding techniques - direct and indirect bonding - are described in the literature. The aim of this review is to evaluate the differences, advantages, and disadvantages of the two techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases in a period from January 2013 to April 2023 with English language restriction using the following Boolean keywords: "orthodontic bracket* AND (bonding OR placement)". RESULTS: A total of 3,820 articles were identified by the electronic search, and after duplicate removal, screening, and eligibility, a total of 11 papers were included for the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect bonding is more predictable and precise than direct bonding. Indirect bonding has a greater impact on minimizing bracket placement errors than direct bonding, but it still takes longer to complete than the traditional procedure. However, further studies on the differences between direct and indirect bonding, as well as digital bonding, are needed.
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Atención Odontológica , Apego a Objetos , Humanos , Bases de Datos FactualesRESUMEN
Bone regeneration following surgery, trauma, or any other condition is an autologous process that can fail, necessitating the requirement of novel procedures and materials. Recently, significant progress has been made in the research related to regenerative medicine. At the same time, biomedical implants in spine surgery, orthopedics, and dentistry are facing many challenges and posing clinical concerns. A PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus review was carried out to identify all studies dealing with bone regenerative approaches in dentistry, orthopedics, and neurosurgery from database inception to December 2022. There has been an upsurge in the implication of a multitude of materials in the enhancement of bone regeneration and/or neo-bone formation, including blood-derived growth factors, new biografts, biosynthetic polymers, inorganic compounds, and sea corals, in the very recent years. Stem cells (SCs) have been found to be efficacious and safe modalities in osteogenesis. Furthermore, bone regeneration/formation depends on the host's immune system and metabolic condition. Epidermal growth factors (EGFs) and their receptors (EGFRs) are important in the mechanism of wound repairing and healing through the recruitment of stromal stem cells for epidermal and dermal regeneration. Similarly, biocomposite developed from Silica assembled with calcium and phosphorous has been utilized in the treatment of broken bones. In this review, we summarized the clinical and laboratory evidence of bone regenerative approaches in the field of spine surgery, orthopedics, and dentistry. An accurate pre-operative screening is the key to managing and carefully planning all surgical steps and achieving the final success.
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Neurocirugia , Procedimientos Ortopédicos , Ortopedia , Regeneración Ósea , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intercelular , OdontologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Since 1967, when the osteoinduction properties of autogenous demineralized dentin matrix were discovered, autologous tooth grafts have been advocated as a viable option to autologous or heterologous bone graft. Tooth graft materials may be extracted from the patient's whole tooth using a granulating device. The aim of this study was to examine the size of granules obtained by the Tooth Transformer (TT)® device, using a laser instrument with high precision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The TT® device can obtain bone graft material in a short period from an extracted tooth. The resulting material can act as an osteoconductive scaffold, providing a mineral substrate during resorption, including platelet growth factors and morphogenetic proteins. Different studies have investigated the dimension and behavior of various graft material particles, since the size of the grafted particles may play a role in osteogenesis and bone regeneration. RESULTS: Different dimensions of granules are available: small (< 400 µm), medium (400 µm-1,000 µm) and large (1,000 µm-2,000 µm). From 4.03 µm to 100 µm the percentage of granules was 14.52 ± 1.93%. A larger part of the granules was up to 100 µm, while 85.47 ± 1.93% of the granules were from 100 µm to 1,000 µm. CONCLUSIONS: 85% of the granules produced were in accordance with the dimensions suggested in the literature.
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Diente , Humanos , Regeneración Ósea , Huesos , Osteogénesis , Extracción Dental , Trasplante ÓseoRESUMEN
Data collection has suggested a complex correlation between the gut microbiota (GM) and bone homeostasis involving host-microbiota crosstalk. Although the GM is known to affect bone metabolism, the mechanisms linked with these effects remain unclear. The aim of this review is to current insight advances regarding how gut-derived hormones regulate bone homeostasis in humans, emphasizing gut-bone axis and bone regeneration. The GM may be engaged in bone metabolism and fracture risk. Additional investigations of the fundamental microbiota-related pathways in bone metabolism may uncover treatment strategies and enable the prevention of osteoporosis. A better knowledge of gut hormones' action on bone homeostasis may lead to new strategies for preventing and treating skeletal frailty related to age.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Osteoporosis , Humanos , Huesos , HormonasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to explore the efficacy of fluorescence-guided excision in the treatment of necrotic bone and highlights the importance of fluorescence in distinguishing viable margins from necrotic ones for a more targeted and predictable management of MRONJ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from January 1, 2008, to May 17, 2023. The Boolean search strategy with the following keywords "osteonecrosis" AND "fluorescence" was performed. Then, the articles were subjected to screening and eligibility phases. The papers about the use of autofluorescence-guided laser therapy in patients with jaw osteonecrosis were included. RESULTS: A total of 320 articles were initially identified through an electronic search, and ultimately, 17 papers were included in the qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that the VELscope system allows for clear visualization of the bone, making guided autofluorescence a precise, safe, and reliable technique.
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Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea , Terapia por Láser , Humanos , Osteonecrosis de los Maxilares Asociada a Difosfonatos/terapia , Conservadores de la Densidad Ósea/efectos adversos , Difosfonatos/efectos adversos , Terapia por Luz de Baja IntensidadRESUMEN
White spot lesions (WSL) are demineralizations of the enamel found on the tooth surfaces. WSL are considered incipient non-cavitated caries caused by bacterial plaque activity. Subjects with malocclusion such as dental crowding and fixed orthodontic appliances have a greater number of retention sites and consequently difficulty in cleaning and greater predisposition to caries. In fact, WSL are a frequent side effect of orthodontic fixed treatments. The prevention and resolution of this problem is the goal of any orthodontist because untreated WSL can lead to the formation of deeper dental caries and restorative treatment with consequent compromise of patient satisfaction with the aesthetic result obtained at the end of the orthodontic treatment. This review is intended not only for orthodontists but also for general and pediatric dentists who want to learn how to correctly prevent, and treat this unsightly problem. On the market there are many products sold to achieve this goal, some of them can be managed independently by the patient at home, others require the intervention of the dentist. The purpose of this literature review is to understand how these substances work, to identify with which of the currently most widespread the best results have been obtained and then to provide useful information to guide the clinician in choosing the most suitable one for the patient.
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Caries Dental , Ortodoncia , Cariostáticos , Niño , Atención Odontológica , Caries Dental/etiología , Caries Dental/prevención & control , Odontólogos , HumanosRESUMEN
The research is aiming to obtain at room temperature a new ceramic material containing partially stabilized zirconia with different oxides after sintering used for dental and other technological purposes. Our research proposes a new method based on the use of stabilized zirconia with other oxides to obtain optimized dental material with a lower cost price and / or improved properties to allow wider use of these products to an increased number of patients in dental offices. X-ray diffraction, SEM analysis. FTIR spectroscopy, UVVis and density measurements were accomplished for the three ceramic systems. The correlation between the microstructure and the spectroscopic properties of zirconium stabilized by FTIR spectroscopy, UV-Vis helps understanding the mechanisms associated with the formation of high (tetragonal and / or cubic) temperature zirconia. Along with the simple, less costly preparation method and high purity of the ceramic products our study offers a highly desirable product for technological applications.
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Cerámica , Circonio , Humanos , Ensayo de Materiales , Propiedades de Superficie , Difracción de Rayos XRESUMEN
The diabetes and osteoporotic metabolic diseases are characterized by a wide prevalence of the population worldwide and correlated to alteration of the bone tissues. Several cofactors could influence the clinical course and the biochemistry of the pathologies such as human microbiome, nutrition characteristics, gut microbiota activity and interactions with vitamin K and D across IGF/GH and TP53 signaling pathways and the glucose/energy as mechanism for bone tissue health. Moreover, also the calories and sugar consumption seem to be correlated to an increased inflammatory state with several consequences for hematopoiesis and host tissues response. The aim of the present literature review was to highlight the role of osteoporotic diseases and diabetes type 2 link for the bone metabolism. The literature cases showed that a correlation between bone-gut-kidney-heart-CNS-Immunity crosstalk seems to be linked with bone metabolism and health regulation. Moreover, also the aging process could represent a valuable co-factor for the sustaining of the metabolic disorders upon a multi-systemic level.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Enfermedades Metabólicas , Huesos , Hematopoyesis , HumanosRESUMEN
Anterior open bite is one of the most complex malocclusions to manage. The interaction of skeletal, dental, and soft tissue effects can contribute to develop an anterior open bite. The skeletal open bite requires a more complex approach of treatment to reach function, aesthetics, and stability. The approaches vary depending on the causative factors and the age of patients. Treatment approaches for open bite patients differ when dealing with adults and growing patients. The aim of this descriptive review was to summarize the main existing treatment strategies for anterior open bite, from the noninvasive behavioural shaping to the orthodontic intrusion with skeletal anchorage.
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Maloclusión , Mordida Abierta , Adulto , Dentición Mixta , Dentición Permanente , Humanos , Maloclusión/terapia , Mordida Abierta/terapiaRESUMEN
Resorption of alveolar ridge after tooth extraction often compromises dental implant placement and esthetic. Alveolar ridge preservation is a common procedure performed in order to preserve the pontic site for a prosthetically ideal position. This procedure has already become an indisputable need. Tooth matrix as bone substituted material poses osteoconduction and osteoinduction properties and as autologous graft, this material is free of antigenic reaction. This biomaterial allows the threedimensional reconstruction of the bone, is easy to prepare and has a low cost. The aim of this review is to summarize and put in evidence the properties of tooth as bone substitute and its use in alveolar ridge preservation. Keyword: autologous tooth, autologous graft, bone regeneration, bone substitute, alveolar ridge preservation, alveolar ridge augmentation, socket preservation.
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Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar , Sustitutos de Huesos , Pérdida de Hueso Alveolar/prevención & control , Proceso Alveolar/cirugía , Trasplante Óseo , Humanos , Extracción Dental , Alveolo Dental/cirugíaRESUMEN
The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the essential physiological functions of the skin microbiota in human health and diseases. The main characteristics of the normal microbiota in the different anatomical sites have been reported in relation to the main factors, such as the effect of age, on its composition and stability for the eubiosis condition. Moreover, the present overview analyzed the functions and composition and the correct functionality of the skin microbiota in the light of current knowledge. According to several evidence is important preserving the eubiosis of the commensal microbes of the microecosystem (symbiotic and pathogenic), and probiotics are able to counteract the conditions of dysbiosis. Also, it has been shown that there is a crosstalk between gut and skin microbiota that affects human health and is still being studied, and its relationship to the current pandemic SARS-CoV-2.
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COVID-19 , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Microbiota , Probióticos , Disbiosis , Humanos , Integumento Común , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
The occlusal trauma has been defined as an injury to the periodontium resulting from occlusal forces that exceeds the reparative capacity of the attachment apparatus. Currently, the effects of occlusal trauma on tooth support tissues, the onset and the progression of periodontal disease are still debated. In fact, researchers started evaluating the possible effects of occlusal discrepancies on incidence, progression, and treatment outcomes of periodontitis, but all the results underlined the more significant role played by microbiological flora. The results of this study show that after 60 days of treating the occlusal trauma, a significant reduction was achieved in the periodontal bacterial flora.
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Oclusión Dental Traumática , Microbiota , Enfermedades Periodontales , Periodontitis , Humanos , PeriodoncioRESUMEN
Treatments with removable appliances are widely used in Europe to correct dento-skeletal dysgnatia in the growth phase that is a period of poor cooperation of the patients. Adherence to the wear-time prescription is often not achieved and it represent the main argument against the use of removable devices. Suspected non-compliant behavior with the wear time prescription is often the subject of medico-legal disputes, which can deteriorate doctor-patient relationship. The use of microchips allows to document objectively and clarify the patient's behavior. To conduct a systematic review of the orthodontic literature to identify the factors associated with compliance in orthodontic treatment. We conduct a systematic review that aimed to identity the factors associate with compliance in orthodontic treatment. The main purpose was to assess the objective levels of time of use of the removable appliances and the self-reported levels. A literature search was conducted by the electronic databases PubMed and Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used: compliance functional removable orthodontic appliance. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, case series, qualitative and mixed-methods studies objectively assessing compliance levels were included in the study. A total of 94 articles were identified by PubMed and 14 articles by Cochrane. The papers selected were included for the qualitative analysis and categorized according to the subjects age, the clinical appliance, compliance factors, wear time and monitoring. Removable appliances are an important part of orthodontic treatment, used in growth phase of the patient. Collaboration with removable functional devices determines success / failure in treatment.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Niño , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Cooperación del Paciente , Relaciones Médico-Paciente , Estudios Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
This paper aims to describe the biochemical interactions between teeth and the oral environment that occur during the caries process, hence it covers all the steps related to physico-chemical reactions, including the most up-to-date theoretical basis in the clinical application for the prevention and treatment of caries. The terms 'demineralization' and 'remineralization' that characterise this process were analysed, as well as the role of the microbiota in its interaction with the hard surface of the teeth. The biochemical mechanisms that lead to the onset of carious lesions and those that occur during the healing and repair of such lesions are listed.