Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Artemisia absinthium and Citrus paradisi extracts repress viability of aggressive liver cancer cell line.

BACKGROUND: Numerous reports show that herbal medicines can be utilized in the treatment of different liver disorders. In this study, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities of individual as well as combined 80% ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves and Citrus paradisi peels were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Values of total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH-radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured to explore the antioxidant capacity. To assess antibacterial activity, four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) were used. Anticancer activity was assessed on Huh-7 (liver cancer) and Vero (non-cancerous) cell lines. FRAP activity of combined plants extract was higher as compared to their individual effect; the trend did not hold in the case of DPPH-radical scavenging activity. Antibacterial activity of combined extracts by disk diffusion method was observed only against E.coli. MTT results indicated that both plants had a cytotoxic effect on Huh-7 cell line but did not show any effect on Vero cell line. Our data showed a strong negative correlation between the amount of TPC, TFC, & DPPH radicals-scavenging activity and viability of Huh-7 cell line.However, no effect was shown on the non-cancerous cell line. CONCLUSION: The ethanolic extracts of Artemisia absinthium leaves and Citrus paradisi peels can be used against liver cancer because of their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activities.

Quality Assurance Audit Of Intra-Oral Periapical Radiographs At The Undergraduate Dental School.

BACKGROUND: The three fundamental principles of radiation protection are justification, dose optimization or limitation and subsequently following the As Low as Reasonably Practicable- (ALARP) principle. Quality assurance (QA) program for dental radiography is important in order to yield results with maximum diagnostic value, minimize errors, aid in interpretation, avoid unnecessary repetition of radiographs and therefore, additional radiation exposure. METHODS: This standard based audit was conducted at an undergraduate and postgraduate teaching hospital. One thousand and sixty four intra oral periapical radiographs were graded according to the set standards by NRPB by 3 examiners. Data were analyzed with SPSS-24. RESULTS: Out of the 532 conventional periapical radiographs, 313 radiographs were Grade 1, 177 radiographs were Grade 2 and 42 radiographs were Grade 3, requiring a repeat radiograph. For 532 digitally taken periapical radiographs, 255 radiographs were Grade 1, 192 radiographs were Grade 2 and 85 radiographs were Grade 3 and diagnostically unacceptable. Considering the aforementioned results, the findings of the first cycle did not meet the standards. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the quality assurance audit, the radiographs were below the standards set by NRPB. Recommendations were made for improvement measures in the radiology department and plan to re-audit after six months.