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Pathological germline variants (PGVs) of RAD51D increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. In East Asia, c.270_271dup is the most frequently detected PGV of RAD51D; however, only a few cases have been reported in Japan. We report four cancer cases with a germline RAD51D c.270_271dup PGV. Three of them (lung cancer: 2, oral cancer: 1) were incidentally identified by whole genome sequencing in patients negative for the associated cancer histories, homologous recombination (HR) deficiency, or a second hit of RAD51D in the cancer DNA. For genetic counseling, we provided information on surveillance and cascade testing based on Western guidelines. The PGVs of moderate-risk HR-related genes are difficult to detect based on phenotype, especially in male-predominant pedigrees. The current spread of cancer genomic analysis will increase opportunities for incidental variant identification. The establishment of Japanese guidelines is expected to aid in the management of PGV carriers of moderate-risk genes.
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OBJECTIVE: The stair-climbing test (SCT) is used as a surrogate for cardiopulmonary exercise testing, which measures maximal oxygen uptake, and considered a useful method for assessing exercise capacity in thoracic surgery. This study aims to investigate whether the recovery time of percutaneous oxygen saturation (SpO2) after stair climbing is a predictor of postoperative complications after lobectomy. METHODS: We retrospectively identified 54 patients who performed SCT and underwent lobectomy between January 2015 and February 2023 at Shizuoka Cancer Center. The SpO2 recovery time was defined as the time required to recover from the minimum to resting value after stair climbing. The association between SpO2 recovery time and early postoperative pulmonary complications within 30 days after surgery was analyzed. RESULTS: Eleven patients (20.4%) had postoperative pulmonary complications (≥ Clavien-Dindo Classification Grade 2). The cutoff value of SpO2 recovery time obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was 90 s [sensitivity, 81.8%; specificity, 72.1%; AUC, 0.77 (95% confidence interval, 0.64-0.90)]. The occurrence of postoperative pulmonary complications was 42.9% in the delayed recovery time (DRT; SpO2 recovery time ≥ 90 s) group and 6.1% in the non-DRT (SpO2 recovery time < 90 s) group (p = 0.002). DRT was a predictor of postoperative pulmonary complications (odds ratio, 11.60; 95% CI 2.19-61.80). CONCLUSIONS: DRT of SpO2 after stair climbing is a predictor of postoperative pulmonary complications following lobectomy in borderline patients who require exercise capacity assessment. SpO2 monitoring after stair climbing may be useful as one of the preoperative assessments in patients undergoing lobectomy.
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BACKGROUND: Although the positive rate of preresection pleural lavage cytology (PLC) is low, it is an important indicator of poor prognosis for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with frequent pleural dissemination (PD) recurrence. Thin-section computed tomography (TSCT) can reveal relationships between a primary tumor and the pleura at 1 to 2 mm intervals, and this is associated with visceral pleural invasion (VPI). However, its association with PLC remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to improve PLC efficiency and predict PD recurrence by understanding the relationship between PLC and preoperative TSCT findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 2014 and December 2018, we reviewed 978 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who underwent PLC tests during complete resection surgery. Preoperative TSCT findings were evaluated, and factors with the highest specificity (proportion of patients with radiologically to pathologically diagnosed positive PLC) were investigated. We also evaluated their relationships with VPI and PD recurrence. RESULTS: PLC positive was identified in 55 (5.6%) of the 978 patients. The two TSCT findings predicting PLC results, "the absence of pleural findings," ie, tumor not attached to pleura or without pleural tag, and "consolidation-to-tumor ratio ≤0.5", had a specificity of 100% (95% confidence interval: 90.4%-100%); additionally, all cases with these findings were VPI negative and had no PD recurrence. And 24% of the cohort had either of these findings. CONCLUSION: The absence of pleural findings and/or consolidation-to-tumor ratio ≤0.5 of primary tumor on preoperative TSCT can predict PLC negativity with very high probability; therefore, PLC can be omitted for such patients.
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BACKGROUND: In the treatment of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), a disease-free survival of 5 years is a criterion for cure. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with brain metastases of NSCLC after a disease-free survival of 5 years (late recurrent brain metastasis [LRBM]). METHODS: We reviewed 1281 consecutive patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer at a single institute between November 2014 and December 2022. Relevant articles were retrieved from PubMed. Only peer-reviewed journals published in English were included. RESULTS: Six patients (0.47%) showed LRBM. Three were male. The median age at lung cancer diagnosis was 45 years. The histological diagnosis of all patients was adenocarcinoma. Driver gene mutations were observed in five patients. The median latency period from lung cancer treatment to the development of brain metastasis was 13 years. All patients had no metastasis to any other organs and underwent craniotomies. The median follow-up duration after craniotomy was 3.5 years. No local intracranial recurrences were observed. Three patients had distant intracranial recurrences at 7, 2, and 0.6 years after craniotomy. Five patients survived for 8, 4, 3, 2, and 0.3 years after craniotomy. One patient experienced re-recurrence in the lung 4 years after craniotomy and died 3.7 years later. In our systematic review, only six studies described LRBM of NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS: LRBM is rare in patients with NSCLC. In our institution, many of these patients harbored driver gene mutations, and achieved long-term survival with aggressive local therapy. Multicenter analysis is mandatory.
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Neoplasias Encefálicas , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/secundario , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Femenino , Supervivencia sin Enfermedad , Adulto , Anciano , Craneotomía , Mutación , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patologíaRESUMEN
Salivary gland-type tumor (SGT) of the lung, which arises from the bronchial glands of the tracheobronchial tree, was first recognized in the 1950s. SGT represents less than 1% of all lung tumors and is generally reported to have a good prognosis. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) are the two most common subtypes, comprising more than 90% of all SGTs. The reported 5-year survival rate of patients with SGT is 63.4%. Because this type of tumor develops in major bronchi, patients with SGT commonly present with symptoms of bronchial obstruction, including dyspnea, shortness of breath, wheezing, and coughing; thus, the tumor is usually identified at an early stage. Most patients are treated by lobectomy and pneumonectomy, but bronchoplasty or tracheoplasty is often needed to preserve respiratory function. Lymphadenectomy in the surgical resection of SGT is recommended, given that clinical benefit from lymphadenectomy has been reported in patients with MEC. For advanced tumors, appropriate therapy should be considered according to the subtype because of the varying clinicopathologic features. MEC, but not ACC, is less likely to be treated with radiation therapy because of its low response rate. Although previous researchers have learned much from studying SGT over the years, the diagnosis and treatment of SGT remains a complex and challenging problem for thoracic surgeons. In this article, we review the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment (surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy) of SGT, mainly focusing on MEC and ACC. We also summarize reports of adjuvant and definitive radiation therapy for ACC in the literature.
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Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales , Humanos , Neoplasias de las Glándulas Salivales/patología , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/patología , Carcinoma Adenoide Quístico/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Glándulas Salivales/patología , Pulmón/patología , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/patología , Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Positive pleural lavage cytology (PLC +) is a poor prognostic factor for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, data on the impact of intraoperative rapid diagnosis of PLC (rPLC) are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of rPLC before resection during surgery. METHODS: A total of 1,838 patients who underwent rPLC for NSCLC between September 2002 and December 2014 were studied retrospectively. We assessed the clinicopathological factors between rPLC findings and the impact on survival of patients with curative resection. RESULTS: The rPLC + status was observed in 96 (5.3%) among 1,838 patients. The rPLC + group had more unsuspected N2 (30%) than the rPLC- group (p < 0.001). The 5-year overall survival (OS) of patients who underwent lobectomy or more extensive resection with rPLC + , negative rPLC (rPLC-), and microscopic pleural dissemination (PD) and/or malignant pleural effusion (PE) were 67.3, 81.3, and 11.0%, respectively. In the rPLC + group, the prognosis of patients with pN2 was equal to that of pN0-1 (5-year OS: 77.9% vs. 63.4%, p = 0.263). Undetectable dissemination in the first evaluation immediately after starting surgery was found in 9% of rPLC + patients by additional evaluation of the thoracic cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with rPLC + have more favorable survival than those with microscopic PD/PE after surgery. Curative resection should be performed in patients with rPLC + , even if N2 is detected during surgery. However, the rPLC + group often has N2 upstaging; therefore, systematic nodal dissection should be performed in rPLC + patients for exact staging. rPLC may contribute to preventing oversight PD by re-evaluation during surgery.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Irrigación Terapéutica , Citología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , PronósticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the incidence of late recurrence beyond 5 years after pulmonary resection and aimed to identify candidates for long-term surveillance. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 978 non-small-cell lung cancer patients who underwent pulmonary resection between 2002 and 2015 and survived without recurrence for 5 years. Clinicopathological factors associated with recurrence-free survival beyond 5 years after surgery were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The development of late metachronous malignancies was also investigated. RESULTS: The median follow-up period from 5 years post-surgery was 27 months in the whole cohort. Late recurrence occurred in 37 (3.8%) patients. Late metachronous malignancies were diagnosed in 116 patients (11.9%), including 57 (5.8%) with lung cancer. One-, three-, and five-year recurrence-free survival rates beyond 5 years after surgery were 97.6%, 94.7%, and 94.7%, respectively. The recurrence-free survival of patients with pN1-2 was significantly poorer than that of patients with pN0 disease. Multivariate analysis revealed that adenocarcinoma and pN1-2 status were significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival beyond 5 years post-surgery (P = 0.009 and 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Non-adenocarcinoma histology and pN0 status were significant favorable factors for recurrence-free survival beyond 5 years post-surgery. The efficacies of long-term surveillance for the detection of late recurrence were considered limited for these populations. Twelve percent of the patients experienced late metachronous malignancies after pulmonary resection.
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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify the risk factors for pulmonary functional deterioration after wedge resection for early-stage lung cancer with ground-glass opacity, which remain unclear, particularly in low-risk patients. METHODS: We analysed 237 patients who underwent wedge resection for peripheral early-stage lung cancer in JCOG0804/WJOG4507L, a phase III, single-arm confirmatory trial. The changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s were calculated pre- and postoperatively, and a cutoff value of -10%, the previously reported reduction rate after lobectomy, was used to divide the patients into 2 groups: the severely reduced group (≤-10%) and normal group (>-10%). These groups were compared to identify predictors for severe reduction. RESULTS: Thirty-seven (16%) patients experienced severe reduction. Lesions with a total tumour size ≥1 cm were significantly more frequent in the severely reduced group than in the normal group (89.2% vs 71.5%; P = 0.024). A total tumour size of ≥1 cm [odds ratio (OR), 3.287; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.114-9.699: P = 0.031] and pleural indentation (OR, 2.474; 95% CI, 1.039-5.890: P = 0.041) were significant predictive factors in the univariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, pleural indentation (OR, 2.667; 95% CI, 1.082-6.574; P = 0.033) was an independent predictive factor, whereas smoking status and total tumour size were marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS: Of the low-risk patients who underwent pulmonary wedge resection for early-stage lung cancer, 16% experienced severe reduction in pulmonary function. Pleural indentation may be a risk factor for severely reduced pulmonary function in pulmonary wedge resection.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/cirugía , Pulmón/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Neumonectomía/efectos adversos , Factores de Riesgo , Ensayos Clínicos Fase III como AsuntoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The optimal region of lymph node dissection (LND) during segmentectomy in patients with small peripheral non-small cell lung cancer requires clarification. Through a supplemental analysis of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) 0802/West Japan Oncology Group (WJOG) 4607L, we investigated the associated factors, distribution, and recurrence pattern of lymph node metastases (LNMs) and proposed the optimal LND region. METHODS: Of the 1106 patients included in the JCOG0802/WJOG4607L, 1056 patients with LNDs were included in this supplemental analysis. We investigated the distribution and recurrence pattern of LNMs along with the radiologic findings (with ground-glass opacity, part-solid tumor; without ground-grass opacity component, pure-solid tumor). RESULTS: The radiologic findings were the only significant factor for LNMs. Of 533 patients with part-solid tumors, 8 (1.5%) had LNMs. Further, only 3 (0.5%) patients had pN2 disease, and no patients had interlobar LNMs from nonadjacent segments. Of the 523 patients with pure-solid tumors, 55 (10.5%) had LNMs, and 28 (5.4%) had pN2 disease. Five patients had metastases to nonadjacent interlobar lymph nodes (LNs). Two (2.0%) patients with S6 tumors had upper mediastinal LNMs. In addition, the incidence of mediastinal LN recurrence in patients with S6 lung cancer was greater in those who underwent selective LND than those who underwent systematic LND (P = .0455). CONCLUSIONS: Nonadjacent interlobar and mediastinal LND have little impact on pathologic nodal staging in patients with part-solid tumors. In contrast, selective LND is recommended at least for patients with pure-solid tumors.
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BACKGROUND: A methodology to assess the immune microenvironment (IME) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been established, and the prognostic impact of IME factors is not yet clear. AIMS: This study aimed to assess the IME factors and evaluate their prognostic values. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density, forkhead box protein P3+ (Foxp3+ ) TIL density, and programmed death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1) tumor proportion score (TPS) using a machine-learning algorithm in whole-slide imaging (WSI). We dichotomized patients according to TIL density or TPS and compared their clinical outcomes. Between September 2014 and September 2015, 165 patients with NSCLC were enrolled in the study. We assessed IME factors in the epithelium, stroma, and their combination. An improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) was observed in the high CD8+ TIL density group in the epithelium, stroma, and the combination of both. Moreover, the group with high PD-L1 TPS in the epithelium showed better DFS than that with low PD-L1 TPS. In the multivariate analysis, the CD8+ TIL density in the combination of epithelium and stroma and PD-L1 TPS in the epithelium were independent prognostic factors (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26-0.72; p = .001, HR = 0.49; 95% CI = 0.30-0.81; p = .005, respectively). CONCLUSION: Our approach demonstrated that the IME factors are related to survival in patients with NSCLC. The quantitative assessment of IME factors enables to discriminate patients with high risk of recurrence, who can be the candidates for adjuvant therapy. Assessing the CD8+ TIL density in the combination of epithelium and stroma might be more useful than their individual assessment because it is a simple and time-saving analysis of TILs in WSI.
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Background: In the current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, the clinical T descriptor is defined by solid size (SS) on a computed tomography (CT) slice and the pathological one is done by invasive size (IS) in microscopic evaluations. We sometimes experience discrepancies in diagnosis of both descriptors. A volume analyzing application enables semi-automatic measurement of three-dimensional (3D) parameters in cases where there are discrepancies in diagnosing tumors' solid size and IS. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between 3D parameters and pathological invasion in non-solid small-sized lung adenocarcinomas. Methods: We enrolled 246 consecutive patients who underwent pulmonary resection at Shizuoka Cancer Center. Patients with lung adenocarcinomas that were radiologically non-solid, node-negative and sized ≤3 cm were eligible. We used a volume analyzing application to retrospectively measure 3D parameters of max and mean Hounsfield units (HUs) and solid volume (SV). The cut-off value of these parameters for diagnosing invasive adenocarcinoma (IAD) was set by describing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The correlation of IAD with these parameters was compared to its correlation with the SS. This study was not registered. Results: Of 246 patients with adenocarcinoma, 183 (74.4%) had IADs. In multivariate analyses, the total size (TS) and SS were significantly associated with IAD (P=0.006, 0.001, respectively), whereas 3D parameters including SV were not (P=0.80). In radiological adenocarcinoma (2.1-3.0 cm), SV >300 mm3 diagnosed IAD with a higher sensitivity than that of the SS (0.93 and 0.83, respectively). Conclusions: TS >20 mm and SS >5 mm were well-correlated with IAD. SV measurement may complement the current computed tomographic diagnosis of IAD based on the SS (2.1-3.0 cm).
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The mutant allele frequency of the Pyruvate kinase (PK) gene has been investigated mostly in pure breed cats. We investigated the PK mutant gene in stray and animal hoarding mongrel cats in Hokkaido, Japan. We also investigated the kinship of individuals carrying the mutant gene. Genotyping was conducted using the previously reported real-time PCR method. Fourteen microsatellite markers were used to identify the parents and offspring of cats carrying the PK mutant gene, and some kinship such as parent-offspring and siblings was observed. Some stray and animal hoarding cats carried the PK mutation gene and that consanguinity was confirmed among these cats indicated that the PK mutation gene was spread by unregulated interbreeding.
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Anemia Hemolítica Congénita no Esferocítica , Enfermedades de los Gatos , Acaparamiento , Gatos/genética , Animales , Piruvato Quinasa/genética , Japón/epidemiología , Anemia Hemolítica Congénita no Esferocítica/genética , Anemia Hemolítica Congénita no Esferocítica/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/genéticaRESUMEN
The cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture is a common orthopedic disease in dogs that is usually managed with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) or extracapsular lateral suture (ECLS). Osteotomy is generally associated with some complications, including nonunion. The periosteum plays an important role in bone growth and remodeling. Osteocrin (OSTN), which was recently identified and is involved in bone formation and differentiation, is produced in the periosteum and osteoblasts. The aimed to investigate whether the concentrations of serum OSTN change before and after stifle surgery in dogs and compare the OSTN concentrations in the two surgical techniques (TPLO: n = 20 vs. ECLS: n = 36). The postoperative serum OSTN concentration in the TPLO group was significantly lower than the preoperative value (p < 0.05), while serum OSTN concentrations differed statistically between the preoperative and suture-removal periods. In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the ECLS group. In conclusion, osteotomy affects serum OSTN concentrations during the perioperative period in dogs, which may be related to periosteal injury.
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Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior , Enfermedades de los Perros , Osteotomía , Animales , Perros , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirugía , Lesiones del Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Perros/cirugía , Enfermedades de los Perros/etiología , Osteotomía/efectos adversos , Osteotomía/veterinaria , Rotura/cirugía , Rotura/veterinaria , Rodilla de Cuadrúpedos/cirugía , Tibia/cirugía , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Although segmentectomy is a widely used surgical procedure, lobectomy is the standard procedure for resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of segmentectomy for NSCLC up to 3 cm in size, including ground-glass opacity (GGO) and predominant GGO. METHODS: A multicentre, single-arm, confirmatory phase 3 trial was conducted across 42 institutions (hospitals, university hospitals, and cancer centres) in Japan. Segmentectomy with hilar, interlobar, and intrapulmonary lymph node dissection was performed as protocol surgery for patients with a tumour diameter of up to 3 cm, including GGO and dominant GGO. Eligible patients were those aged 20-79 years with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance score of 0 or 1 and clinical stage IA tumour confirmed by thin-sliced CT. The primary endpoint was 5-year relapse-free survival (RFS). This study is registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials (UMIN000011819), and is ongoing. FINDINGS: A total of 396 patients were registered from Sept 20, 2013, to Nov 13, 2015, of whom 357 underwent segmentectomy. At a median follow-up of 5·4 years (IQR 5·0-6·0), the 5-year RFS was 98·0% (95% CI 95·9-99·1). This finding exceeded the 87% of the pre-set threshold 5-year RFS and the primary endpoint was met. Grade 3 or 4 early postoperative complications occurred in seven patients (2%), but no grade 5 treatment-related deaths occurred. INTERPRETATION: Segmentectomy should be considered as part of standard treatment for patients with predominantly GGO NSCLC with a tumour size of 3 cm or less in diameter, including GGO even if it exceeds 2 cm. FUNDING: National Cancer Centre Research and Development Fund and Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/patología , Neumonectomía/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis may occur after left upper lobectomy (LUL) and is a potential risk factor for cerebral infarction. However, there are few reports on the role of pulmonary vein stump thrombosis in the development of cerebral infarction. We aimed to clarify the correlation between pulmonary vein stump thrombosis and cerebral infarction following LUL. METHODS: We evaluated 296 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) after LUL for lung cancer at the Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital in Shizuoka, Japan, between September 2002 and December 2015. The cerebral infarction in patients with pulmonary vein stump thrombosis was examined, and the risk factors for cerebral infarction were identified via a univariate analysis of the clinicopathological and surgical variables. RESULTS: Overall, 179 men and 117 women (median age: 68 years; range: 36-88 years) were included. The median observation period was 68 months. Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis occurred in 21 (7%) patients and cerebral infarction occurred in 15 (5%) patients. None of the 21 patients with pulmonary vein stump thrombosis developed cerebral infarction. Most cerebral infarctions (12/15) were diagnosed in the late phase (> 3 months). The pathological stage of cancer was found to be the only significant risk factor for cerebral infarction by the univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Pulmonary vein stump thrombosis following LUL was not necessarily associated with cerebral infarction, including the late phase. A prospective observational study with contrast-enhanced chest CT would be required to investigate the risk factors for cerebral infarction in each phase of the postoperative period.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares , Venas Pulmonares , Trombosis de la Vena , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Venas Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Venas Pulmonares/cirugía , Neumonectomía/efectos adversos , Neumonectomía/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Trombosis de la Vena/etiología , Trombosis de la Vena/complicaciones , Infarto Cerebral/etiología , Infarto Cerebral/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pathological N2 (pN2) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is diverse; its treatment depends on the clinical N (cN) status. We aimed to determine the efficacy of upfront surgery for cN2pN2 NSCLC. METHODS: The study included 43 cN2pN2 NSCLC patients who underwent upfront surgery at the Shizuoka Cancer Center between 2002 and 2017. Survival outcome, focusing on cN2 status, was retrospectively investigated. Mediastinal lymph nodes were pre-operatively evaluated using computed tomography and positron emission tomography. Surgical eligibility criteria included single-station cN2. N2 with N1 and skip N2 were defined as N2 with and without ipsilateral hilar lymph node metastasis, respectively. A platinum-doublet regimen was used for adjuvant chemotherapy. Survival curves were analysed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Cox proportional hazard regression model. RESULTS: Clinical-skip N2 and cN2 with N1 cases included 22 and 21 patients, respectively. Twenty-three patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up duration was 73 months. Clinical-skip N2 had a significantly better 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) than cN2 with N1 (58.3 vs 28.6%, P = 0.038) and was an independent favorable RFS predictor. Recurrence within 18 months occurred in 71% of cN2 with N1 cases. Five-year overall survival and RFS rates in patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy vs those without adjuvant chemotherapy were 82.2 vs 41.9% (P = 0.019) and 56.5 vs 28.0% (P = 0.049), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical-skip N2 had an excellent prognosis, and upfront surgery was acceptable. Conversely, upfront surgery followed by chemotherapy is not recommended for cN2 with N1 patients because of early recurrence.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/tratamiento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Mediastino/patología , Pronóstico , Ganglios Linfáticos/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The importance of the stromal components in tumour progression has been discussed widely, but their prognostic role in small size tumours with lepidic components is not fully understood. Applying digital tissue image analysis to whole-slide imaging may enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of pathological assessment. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of tumour components of lung adenocarcinoma by measuring the dimensions of the tumour consisting elements separately, using a machine learning algorithm. METHODS: Between September 2002 and December 2016, 317 patients with surgically resected, pathological stage IA adenocarcinoma with lepidic components were analysed. We assessed the whole tumour area, including the lepidic components, and measured the epithelium, collagen, elastin areas and alveolar air space. We analysed the prognostic impact of each tumour component. RESULTS: The dimensions of the epithelium and collagen areas were independent significant risk factors for recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio, 8.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-61.88; P = 0.037, and hazard ratio, 2.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-5.83; P = 0.022, respectively). According to the subgroup analysis when combining the epithelium and collagen areas as risk factors, patients with tumours consisting of both large epithelium and collagen areas showed significantly poor prognoses (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: We assessed tumour components using a machine learning algorithm to stratify the post-operative prognosis of surgically resected stage IA adenocarcinomas. This method might guide the selection of patients with a high risk of recurrence.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Humanos , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/cirugía , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Adenocarcinoma/patología , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
Perioperative myocardial injury (PMI) is commonly caused by myocardial ischemia that develops during or after non-cardiac surgery. It occurs in 17.9% of human patients after non-cardiac surgery due to elevated high-sensitive perioperation cardiac troponin. However, PMI has not been demonstrated in cats. To investigate its occurrence, this study aimed to analyze the perioperative changes in cardiac biomarkers and clinical data, including measurement of vital signs, echocardiography, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, X-ray, and anesthetic profile, in 30 juvenile cats under neutering surgery. All cats had increased high-sensitive cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) postsurgery compared with presurgery. In particular, 48% of cats (14/29) showed elevated hs-cTnI over a reference range after surgery. In all groups, hs-cTnI and systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) were significantly higher at 0 h and 18 h postoperation than at preoperation. A significant positive correlation was found between hs-cTnI and SAP at 18 h postoperation. Atrial natriuretic peptides, heart rate, and left ventricular wall thickness were markedly higher at 0 h postoperation than at preoperation; however, respiratory rate and body temperature were significantly lower at 0 h postoperation than at preoperation. Anesthetic time and hs-cTnI were significantly higher at 18 h postoperation in females than in males. Significant positive correlations were observed between hs-cTnI and anesthetic time at 18 h postoperation in females. These results indicate that postoperative hs-cTnI level can greatly increase in juvenile cats and hs-cTnI measurement at perioperation is potentially beneficial for early detection and evaluation of the presence of PMI.
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OBJECTIVES: Although pulmonary emphysema is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the prognostic significance of the quantitative severity of emphysema in patients with primary lung cancer is unclear. This study aimed to identify the association between the quantitative severity of emphysema detected by the low-attenuation area on computed tomography and the prognostic outcome of early non-small-cell lung cancer. METHODS: A consecutive series of 1062 patients who underwent lobectomy for clinical stage I and II non-small-cell lung cancer were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological features and long-term outcomes of patients with primary lung cancer in emphysema were investigated. The extent of emphysema in the lobe where the tumour was present was measured by preoperative computed tomography as a percentage of the low-attenuation area (LAA%). RESULTS: LAA% ≥ 1.0% was detected in 145 (13.7%) patients. LAA% was associated with pleural invasion (P < 0.0001), vascular invasion (P < 0.0001) and a larger tumour size (P = 0.001). The overall survival and recurrence-free survival in patients with LAA% ≥ 1.0% and with LAA% < 1.0% at 5 years were 78.6% and 92.1% (P < 0.0001) and 68.7% and 85.2% (P < 0.0001), respectively. According to the Cox proportional hazards model, LAA% was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and recurrence-free survival (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative severity of pulmonary emphysema was found to be associated with poor prognosis and clinicopathological aggression in early non-small-cell lung cancer.
Asunto(s)
Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas , Enfisema , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Humanos , Enfisema Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfisema Pulmonar/cirugía , Enfisema Pulmonar/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/complicaciones , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , Pronóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/complicaciones , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Pulmón/patología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/complicacionesRESUMEN
The differences in genetic susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma remain unclear. We developed a customized, targeted gene sequencing panel for efficient and sensitive identification of germline variants, including whole-gene deletion types for cancer-related drug-metabolizing enzyme genes in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The minor allele frequencies of the variants, confirmed as clinically significant in the Japanese population, did not differ significantly from those of normal participants listed in the public database. Genotype analysis comparing lung adenocarcinoma (n = 559) and squamous cell carcinoma (n = 151) indicated that the variants of DPYD (rs190771411, Fisher's exact test, P = 0.045; rs200562975, P = 0.045) and ALDH2 (rs568781254, P = 0.032) were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma. Conversely, whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 was associated with adenocarcinoma but not squamous cell carcinoma. Notably, whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 was confirmed in 22 patients with lung adenocarcinoma but not in any patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Most patients with whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 were female non-smokers. The discovery of a whole-gene deletion of CYP2A6 in patients with lung adenocarcinoma may have an important role in clinical practice and advance our understanding of CYP2A6 germline variants and their association with carcinogenesis or their susceptibility to lung adenocarcinoma.