RESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to help provide data to help to implement effective rehabilitation following surgery for oral cancer by comparing tongue pressure production for water and thickened water from the anterior and posterior parts of the tongue during swallowing. Ten healthy volunteers (7 men, 3 women; age 27.6 ± 1.5 years) participated in the experiments. Tongue pressure during 3 mL water and 3 mL thickened water at the anterior and posterior tongue during swallowing was measured using a sensor sheet system with five measuring points on the hard palate. The sequential order of the points, maximal magnitude and duration of tongue pressure at each point were compared based on water viscosity and tongue ingestion site. There was a common pattern in the sequential order of tongue pressure generation among the two swallowing conditions. The maximal magnitude of tongue pressure was significantly higher when swallowing thickened water than when swallowing water at all points except for the anterior-median and mid-median part. Moreover, the pressure at all sites during posterior ingestions was significantly lower than that during anterior ingestion. The present results provide mean values of tongue pressure during voluntarily triggered swallowing in anterior ingestion and posterior ingestion in young, healthy dentate individuals; these values can be clinically referenced for tongue pressure measurement in the evaluation of patients with dysphagia. The use of reference values may help streamline the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of dysphagia.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de Deglución/rehabilitación , Deglución/fisiología , Agua Potable , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Paladar Duro/fisiología , Presión , Lengua/fisiología , Adulto , Agua Potable/química , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Femenino , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Masculino , ViscosidadRESUMEN
We developed a barometer applicable to a small space, to assess oral and pharyngeal functions. Negative oral pressure during rest and pressure changes during swallowing were measured in a space between the palate and tongue (STP). Twenty volunteers were asked to sit in a chair in a relaxed upright position. A sensor was placed on the posterior midline of hard palate. Recording commenced just before subjects closed their lips and continued. Subjects were asked to swallow saliva and keep the apposition. Finally, subjects were asked to open their mouth. Recordings were performed five times, and 5 s of continuous data in each phase was averaged. To verify the reliability of the system, the same procedure was accomplished with twin sensors. When the jaw and lips were closed, the pressure slightly decreased from atmospheric pressure (-0·17 ± 0·24-kPa). After swallowing, the pressure in STP showed more negative value (-0·50 ± 0·59-kPa). There is a significant difference between the values in open condition and after swallowing (P < 0·001) and between values after swallowing and final open condition (P < 0·05). Twin sensor showed almost the same trajectories of pressure changes for all the recordings. Obtained negative pressure might generate about 0·71-N of force and would be enough to keep the tongue in the palatal fossa at rest. The system detected large negative/positive pressure changes during swallowing. We conclude this system may be a tool to evaluate oral functions.
Asunto(s)
Deglución/fisiología , Paladar Duro/fisiología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador/instrumentación , Lengua/fisiología , Adulto , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Japón , Paladar Duro/diagnóstico por imagen , Presión , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Lengua/diagnóstico por imagen , Transductores de PresiónRESUMEN
Several dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to observe swallowing and their parameters have been reported. Although these studies used several contrast enhancement liquids, no studies were conducted to investigate the most suitable liquids. The purpose of this study was to identify the optimal contrast enhancement liquid for dynamic MRI of swallowing. MRI was performed using a new sequence consisting of true fast imaging with steady-state precession, generalised auto-calibrating partially parallel acquisition and a keyhole imaging technique. Seven liquids were studied, including pure distilled water, distilled water with thickener at 10, 20 and 30 mg mL(-1) concentrations and oral MRI contrast medium at 1, 2 or 3 mg mL(-1) . Distilled water showed the highest signal intensity. There were statistically significant differences among the following contrast media: distilled water with thickener at 20 mg mL(-1) and the oral MRI contrast medium at 2 mg mL(-1) and 1 mg mL(-1) . It can be concluded that the optimal liquid for dynamic MRI of swallowing is a water-based substance that allows variations in viscosity.
Asunto(s)
Medios de Contraste/uso terapéutico , Trastornos de Deglución/diagnóstico por imagen , Deglución/fisiología , Esófago/diagnóstico por imagen , Aumento de la Imagen , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética , Orofaringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Lengua/fisiología , Trastornos de Deglución/fisiopatología , Esófago/fisiología , Humanos , Aumento de la Imagen/instrumentación , Aumento de la Imagen/métodos , Imagen por Resonancia Cinemagnética/métodos , Orofaringe/fisiología , ViscosidadRESUMEN
We investigated the impact of tongue-thrusting on lingual pressure during fluid intake with a straw. In this study, 12 healthy young dentate individuals (two women and 10 men; 19-33 years) were instructed to drink 15 mL of water with a regular drinking straw at 37 °C, when indicated by the investigator. Participants drank after adjusting tongue position to one of the following patterns: (i) Holding the tip of the straw between the lips (Normal Position: NP), (ii) Sticking out the tongue to the vermilion zone of the lower lip and inserting the straw 1 cm past the front teeth (Tongue-thrusting Position: TP). Five recordings were conducted for each participant in a randomised order. To measure tongue pressure during swallowing, a specially designed 0.1-mm thick sensor sheet (Nitta, Osaka, Japan) with a tactile system for measurement of pressure distribution (I-SCAN; Nitta) was used. Duration, maximal magnitude and integrated value of tongue pressure were analysed based on the wave of tongue pressure recorded while water was swallowed. Magnitude, duration and integrated value of tongue pressure were significantly lower in TP than in NP at the median line (Ch1-3). Magnitude and integrated value of tongue pressure at the lateral part of the tongue (Ch5) were significantly lower in TP than in NP. When duration, maximal magnitude and integrated values were compared by channel, no significant differences were observed in NP, but a significant difference was found between Ch3 and the lateral areas Ch4/Ch 5 in TP. When the tongue was thrust forward, movement dynamics of the entire tongue changed and influenced contact between the tongue and palate during liquid intake with a straw. The impact was noticeably weaker on the median line than in lateral areas.
Asunto(s)
Deglución/fisiología , Ingestión de Líquidos/fisiología , Presión , Conducta en la Lactancia/fisiología , Lengua/fisiología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Contracción Isométrica , Masculino , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Procesamiento de Señales Asistido por Computador , Lengua/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Daily fecal estrogen and progestin concentrations were measured by enzyme immunoassay in five female cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) for 4-6 months. The animals were housed under different conditions: (1) a female always housed in a group including one or more males; (2) two females isolated individually for short or long periods; (3) the other two females housed together. These females were separately housed with males for mating around the time of the estrogen peaks. The hormone profiles were similar in all five females regardless of the housing conditions. However, only the female that had been isolated from other cheetahs for over a year mated and reproduce cubs successfully, whereas the remaining four did not (one was isolated for only 6 weeks, another was always housed with males and the other two were housed together). In all females, the estrogen peaks were obtained at regular intervals of approximately 8-15 days. Unlike estrogen, the progestin concentrations were always low in all females except during pregnancy and they did not increase following the estrogen surges. These results showed that female cheetahs are typically reflex ovulators and female receptiveness may not be reflected to her hormonal states. It was also suspected that individual housing and long-term separation are advantageous for breeding this wild cat in captivity, mimicking the ecological/behavioral patterns in the wild, though housing condition might have no effect on the estrous cycle.
Asunto(s)
Acinonyx/fisiología , Animales de Zoológico/fisiología , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Ciclo Estral/fisiología , Progestinas/metabolismo , Acinonyx/metabolismo , Animales , Animales de Zoológico/metabolismo , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/métodos , Heces/química , Femenino , Vivienda para Animales , Japón , Masculino , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Fibrosis and excessive extracellular matrix production are characteristic features of lacrimal gland chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Tranilast (n-[3,4-anthoranilic acid]), used for fibrotic skin disease, inhibits transforming growth factor-beta-induced matrix production. We conducted a non-randomized study comparing 8 patients (five men, three women; median age, 47 years) given topical tranilast with 10 patients (three men, seven women; median age, 37 years) receiving therapy with topical artificial tears, sodium hyaluronate and vitamin A for mild ocular cGVHD. The tranilast group instilled topical tranilast and artificial tears q.i.d., beginning the day of dry eye diagnosis. The ocular surface and tear dynamics of each patient were evaluated before hematopoietic stem cell transplant, at the onset of dry eye and after 3 months of treatment. At 3 months, the scores of the Rose Bengal test and Schirmer test with nasal stimulation had significantly improved in the tranilast group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, although five control patients (50%) developed severe dry eye within the treatment period, only one tranilast-treated patient (12.5%) did; the rest still had mild dry eye (P<0.05). These results suggest the hypothesis that topical tranilast may effectively retard the progression of mild dry eye associated with cGVHD.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes de Ojo Seco/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/etiología , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/complicaciones , ortoaminobenzoatos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Antialérgicos/administración & dosificación , Enfermedad Crónica , Síndromes de Ojo Seco/fisiopatología , Femenino , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/etiología , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas/efectos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Soluciones Oftálmicas , Lágrimas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopic evaluation of the excluded stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity is a challenge, and the pathological changes that take place in the bypassed stomach are unclear. A new double-balloon method of evaluating the bypassed stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity is described here. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This new enteroscope uses two balloons, one attached to the tip of the endoscope and the other to the distal end of the soft overtube. The procedures were carried out in six patients using the retrograde route, through the end-to-side jejunal anastomosis via the duodenobiliopancreatic limb up to the bypassed stomach. RESULTS: The bypassed stomach was reached in five of six patients (83.3 %). An endoscopic appearance of atrophic gastritis was found in three patients, mild in two cases and severe in one case with intestinal metaplasia. Erosive and hemorrhagic gastritis was found in two patients. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic evaluation of the bypassed stomach via the retrograde route after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity is feasible using the double-balloon enteroscope.
Asunto(s)
Endoscopios Gastrointestinales , Derivación Gástrica/métodos , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Cuidados Posoperatorios/instrumentación , Estómago/patología , Anastomosis en-Y de Roux , Diseño de Equipo , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estómago/cirugíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Patients with serious intellectual disability (ID) are occasionally unable to tolerate dental treatment when intravenous sedation or general anaesthesia (IVS/GA) is involved. In order to make a decision regarding the application of IVS/GA, the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is useful. Therefore, in this study, a set of codes involved in dental problems were chosen from the ICF, and patients with ID who could tolerate dental treatments were compared with those who could not. METHODS: From preliminary interviews of six patients with ID, 16 codes were chosen, and an objective five-rank scale was then constructed for use with all chosen codes. Forty-nine ID patients who visited the Okayama University Hospital for dental treatment between January and April 2003 were evaluated. Facility workers were interviewed according to the code set chosen. The participants were then divided into two subgroups depending on their tolerability of dental treatment. The results of these groups for all 16 codes were then compared. RESULTS: Of the 49 patients interviewed, 23 were able to tolerate the dental treatment. In the 'Activities & Participation' section of the ICF, the tolerable group showed lower disability levels with regard to d110 Watching, d540 Dressing and d550 Eating. In other sections, there were no significant differences between the groups. The code set chosen in this study and the five-rank scales in each code were useful as they enabled easy interviewing. CONCLUSIONS: The ICF was raised as a possibility for considering the application of IVS/GA for dental treatment on patients with ID. For clinical use of the ICF, it is recommended that significant codes should be selected and that the five-rank scale is used so that more objective results are obtained from interviews.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos del Conocimiento/diagnóstico , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/diagnóstico , Ansiedad al Tratamiento Odontológico/psicología , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Estado de Salud , Adulto , Trastorno Autístico/epidemiología , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Epilepsia/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Humor/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Sternal shape is one of the most important esthetic factors of the chest appearance after pediatric minimally invasive cardiac surgery (pMICS) as well as length of skin wound. We evaluated the grade of postoperative sternal deformity in 20 patients who underwent total repair of pediatric congenital heart disease [atrial septal defect (ASD): 17, ventricular septal defect (VSD): 2, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC): 1] with minimal skin incision and lower partial median sternotomy. The sternum was closed with stainless wire in 3 patients, with absorbable polydioxanone (PDS) cord in 5 patients, with combined use of reabsorbable radiolucent poly (L-lactate) acid sternal pin and absorbable PDS cord in 12 patients. The evaluation of postoperative sternal deformity was made according to the vertebral index (VI) and frontosagittal index (FSI) in 3 groups with each sternal closure method. VI and FSI of the 3 groups showed no significant difference. Sternal deformity in the group with sternal closure with PDS cord group was more severe than that in other 2 groups. The combined use of sternal pin with PDS cord offered the most sufficient fixative strength for sternal closure.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/efectos adversos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Mínimamente Invasivos/métodos , Osteotomía/métodos , Esternón/anomalías , Esternón/cirugía , Implantes Absorbibles , Adolescente , Clavos Ortopédicos , Hilos Ortopédicos , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Cardiopatías Congénitas/cirugía , Humanos , Lactante , Ácido Láctico , Masculino , Polidioxanona , Poliésteres , Polímeros , Acero Inoxidable , SuturasRESUMEN
A 4-month-old female with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) underwent a patch closure for VSD. She could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) after the intracardiac repair due to PH crisis. Nitric oxide inhalation therapy during partial CPB enabled her to be weaned from CPB. This therapy could be gradually taped off and quit 7 days after the operation. Nitric oxide inhaled therapy is considered to be an excellent treatment for PH crisis during CPB in congenital cardiac surgery. The causes of PH crisis were also discussed in reference to the date of endothelin-1 (ET-1) measured during the operation.
Asunto(s)
Puente Cardiopulmonar , Endotelina-1/sangre , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/cirugía , Hipertensión Pulmonar/terapia , Óxido Nítrico/administración & dosificación , Administración por Inhalación , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/métodos , Femenino , Defectos del Tabique Interventricular/sangre , Humanos , Hipertensión Pulmonar/complicaciones , LactanteRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) is an essential regulator of immune responses and is implicated to relate to several types of disease susceptibilities. Population information on polymorphisms is essential for the study of genetic diseases. AIM: To obtain accurate information about single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TNFalpha gene in the Japanese population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The entire TNFalpha gene was screened for SNPs by directly sequencing 48 chromosomes derived from 24 unrelated Japanese individuals. Allele frequencies of each polymorphism were determined and compared with those previously reported in other populations. RESULTS: Three SNPs, -308G/A at nt -308, IVS1 + 125G/A at nt 492 and IVS3 + 104G/A at nt 1359 were observed, of which one (IVS3 + 104G/A at nt 1359) was novel. In addition, allele frequencies of -308G/A were remarkably different from those presented in the NCBI dbSNP, indicating a significant ethnic difference. CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphisms and allele frequencies obtained in this study will be useful for genetic studies of common diseases such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Japanese population.
Asunto(s)
Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/genética , Alelos , Secuencia de Bases , ADN/genética , Etnicidad/genética , Frecuencia de los Genes , Humanos , Japón , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido SimpleRESUMEN
Intracellular acidification is known to be involved in the initiation phase of apoptosis. However, the necessity of intracellular acidic conditions in the execution phase of apoptosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that in HL-60 cells imidazole induces cell death, associated with intracellular acidification, caspase-3 activation and DFF-45 cleavage, but not oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. A caspase inhibitor prevented cell death but not intracellular acidification. When pHi was neutralized by changing from imidazole-containing medium to fresh medium, oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation and increased caspase-3 activity was observed in the imidazole-treated HL-60 cells. Furthermore, the DNA fragmentation induced by intracellular neutralization was inhibited by caspase inhibitor treatment. These results indicate that imidazole induces caspase-dependent cell death, and suggest that maintaining pHi in the neutral range is essential for the induction of oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in the execution phase of apoptosis.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Apoptosis/fisiología , Imidazoles/farmacología , Proteínas Reguladoras de la Apoptosis , Caspasa 3 , Caspasas/metabolismo , Fragmentación del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Líquido Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We studied the antitumor activity of 2-amino-4,4alpha-dihydro-4alpha,7-dimethyl-3H-phenoxazine-3-one (Phx), which was synthesized by the reactions of 2-amino-5-methylphenol with bovine hemoglobin, on human B cell lymphoblastoid cell lines, P3HR-1 and Raji derived from African Burkitt's lymphoma, and the human T cell lymphoblastoid cell line Molt-4. We also studied whether Phx might cause apoptosis and necrosis in these cells. METHODS: We evaluated cell viability and apoptosis and necrosis of the cells in the presence of Phx, by using agarose gel electrophoresis, flow cytometry, and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Phx suppressed the viability of P3HR-1, Raji, and Molt-4 cells, though the suppression patterns were different, i.e., Phx suppressed the viability of P3HR-1, Raji, and Molt-4 cells at higher concentrations, while the drug enhanced the viability of Raji cells, but not those of P3HR-1 and Molt-4 cells at lower concentrations. To investigate which type of cell death - apoptosis or necrosis - is induced by Phx, induction of DNA ladder, phosphatidylserine externalization, and propidium iodide-permeable cells were examined in Phx-treated cells. Although Phx did not induce DNA ladder formation, it induced the phosphatidylserine externalization and propidium iodide-permeable cells, suggesting that Phx caused a mixed type of cell death, both apoptosis and necrosis. The population of early stage apoptotic cells was dominant in Raji cells, and that of the late stage apoptotic/necrotic cells was dominant in Molt-4 cells after 72-h treatment with Phx. The population of the early stage apoptotic cells and the late stage apoptotic/necrotic cells was almost equal in P3HR-1 cells in the presence of Phx, though the population of both types of cells increased with time. The nuclear morphological analysis of Phx-treated Raji, P3HR-1, and Molt-4 cells also showed that Phx induces apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that Phx shows antitumor activity against human B cell-derived and T cell-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines, in vitro, causing apoptosis and necrosis.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/toxicidad , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Muerte Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Oxazinas/toxicidad , Anexina A5/análisis , Linfocitos B , Línea Celular , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Necrosis , Linfocitos T , Células Tumorales CultivadasRESUMEN
It is known that topoisomerase IIalpha is phosphorylated by several kinases. To elucidate the role of phosphorylation of topoisomerase IIalpha in the cell cycle, we have examined the cell cycle behavior of phosphorylated topoisomerase IIalpha in HeLa cells using antibodies against several phospho-oligopeptides of this enzyme. Here we demonstrate that serine1212 in topoisomerase IIalpha is phosphorylated only in the mitotic phase. Using an antibody against an oligopeptide containing phosphoserine-1212 in topoisomerase IIalpha (PS1212), subcellular localization of topoisomerase IIalpha phosphorylated at serine1212 was examined by indirect immunofluorescence staining, and compared with that of overall topoisomerase IIalpha. Serine1212-phosphorylated topoisomerase IIalpha was localized specifically on mitotic chromosomes, but not on interphase chromosomes; this result contrasts with overall topoisomerase IIalpha which was observed on chomosomes in both interphase and mitosis. Serine1212-phosphorylated topoisomerase lIalpha first appeared on chromosome arms in prophase, became concentrated on the centromeres in metaphase, and disappeared in early telophase. In addition, ICRF-193, a catalytic inhibitor of topoisomerase II, prevented accumulation of serine1212-phosphorylated topoisomerase IIalpha at the centromeres. These results indicate that serine1212 of topoisomerase IIalpha is phosphorylated specifically during mitosis, and suggest that the serine1212-phosphorylated topoisomerase IIalpha acts on resolving topological constraint progressively from the chromosome arm to the centromere during metaphase chromosome condensation.
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ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo II/química , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo II/metabolismo , Serina/metabolismo , Anticuerpos Monoclonales/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias , Ciclo Celular , Centrómero/enzimología , Cromosomas/enzimología , ADN-Topoisomerasas de Tipo II/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al ADN , Dicetopiperazinas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Citometría de Flujo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Células HeLa , Humanos , Microscopía Fluorescente , Mitosis , Fosforilación , Piperazinas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa IIRESUMEN
We describe a boy who underwent slide tracheoplasty and relocation of the left pulmonary artery at 3 months of age to treat pulmonary artery sling with congenital tracheal stenosis. Persisting tracheal stenosis required that he have a Palmaz stent inserted on postoperative day 77. He developed massive hemoptysis after the fourth attempt to expand the stent balloon and immediate computed tomography showed a tracheopulmonary artery fistula. Using cardiopulmonary bypass, we conducted emergency surgery to successfully manage the fistula. He currently depends on mechanical ventilation.
Asunto(s)
Fístula Arterio-Arterial/etiología , Fístula Arterio-Arterial/cirugía , Arteria Pulmonar , Stents/efectos adversos , Tráquea/irrigación sanguínea , Estenosis Traqueal/cirugía , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Arteria Pulmonar/anomalías , Arteria Pulmonar/cirugía , TraqueotomíaRESUMEN
Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine implicated in various pathological conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis. Despite the possible importance of LIF as a therapeutic target, little is known about the bioregulation of the human LIF gene. We here sequenced the entire structure of the LIF gene of 48 alleles in the Japanese population. These experiments identified four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determined their allelic frequencies from a 48-allele sequence in the Japanese population. All four SNPs found in the LIFgene were located within exon 3, that is, a C/T at nucleotide (nt) position 3951, a C/G at nt position 4376, an A/C at nt position 4442, and a G/A at nt position 5961 (nucleotide numbering starts from the ATG start codon). Based on the genotypic data, we constructed four major haplotypes in the tested population. Two-way comparisons of SNPs revealed complete linkage disequilibrium between SNPs at positions 3951, 4376, and 4442. These results may prove to be useful as genetic markers for population-based disease-association studies in osteoporosis.
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Inhibidores de Crecimiento/genética , Haplotipos , Interleucina-6 , Desequilibrio de Ligamiento , Linfocinas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Alelos , Exones , Variación Genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Factor Inhibidor de Leucemia , Reacción en Cadena de la PolimerasaRESUMEN
Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the major noncollagenous bone matrix proteins produced by osteoblasts and osteoclasts. We systematically surveyed the entire structure of the OPN gene for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by directly sequencing 48 alleles derived from 24 unrelated Japanese individuals. We identified 13 SNPs in the OPN gene. Ten polymorphisms were identified in introns 1, 3, and 5; 2 in the coding region of exons 6 and 7; and 1 in the 3' untranslated region of exon 7. Allele frequencies for some of the polymorphisms were significantly different from those reported in the United States National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) dbSNP database. These polymorphisms will be useful in genetic studies to evaluate the role of OPN proteins in bone metabolism.
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Pueblo Asiatico/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Sialoglicoproteínas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Cartilla de ADN , Bases de Datos como Asunto , Exones , Humanos , Intrones , Japón , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Osteopontina , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured on intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and salivary gland function. Twenty-one patients with head and neck malignancies underwent MRI and salivary gland scintigraphy before and after radiotherapy. Based on the scintigraphic results, each major salivary gland was classified into two groups (dysfunctional and functional) and ADCs measured on IVIM MRI were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, the relationship of ADC to scintigraphic parameters, maximum accumulation (MA), and the uptake ratio (UR), were analyzed. ADCs of the dysfunctional group decreased significantly after radiotherapy (P <.01), whereas those of the functional group showed no significant change. Furthermore, positive correlations were found between the ADC ratio and both MA (P <.005) and UR (P <.001). ADC measurement on IVIM echo-planar MRI is a potentially useful means of evaluating salivary gland function.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Glándulas Salivales/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Anciano , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Mandíbula/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Movimiento , Glándula Parótida/patología , Cintigrafía , Glándulas Salivales/patologíaRESUMEN
Interleukin (IL11) is a member of the interleukin 6 (IL6)-related cytokine subfamily, which stimulates T cell-dependent development of immunoglobulin-producing B cells. IL11 is also an important paracrine regulator of bone metabolism that induces formation of osteoclasts. In the work reported here, we sequenced the entire IL11 structural gene of 48 alleles in a Japanese test population. These experiments identified ten single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determined their allelic frequencies. One polymorphism was identified upstream of exon 1, one in exon 3, four in intron 4 and four in the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of exon 5. Based on the genotype data, we constructed six haplotypes in the tested population. Two-way comparisons of SNPs revealed two combinations in complete linkage disequilibrium, one with SNPs at nucleotide positions 2753, 3644, 5154, and 5568, and another with SNPs at positions 3686, 5141, and 5734. These results will be useful in disease-association studies where a contribution of the human IL11 gene has been suspected, especially in disorders affecting immune response and bone metabolism.