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1.
Risk Manag Healthc Policy ; 17: 1975-1986, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39161725

RESUMEN

Purpose: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder with negative impacts on brain functions. Social cognition and vicarious experience impairments are features of DM. This research aimed to estimate the social cognition and vicarious experience among Jordanian people with diabetes. Patients and Methods: Cognitive abilities were assessed using the Vicarious Pain Questionnaire (VPQ) and the Mirror Touch Questionnaire (MTQ). Data on disease history, medications, routine laboratory measurements, and anthropometric indices. Results: Patients had lower pain responses and intensity scores, and higher unpleasantness scores than the control group (p < 0.05). Most of the VPQ and MTQ measures were mainly impaired among study participants who had higher education, were not practicing exercises, and were not consuming healthy diets (p < 0.05). The number of responses to the VPQ and average pain intensity were negatively correlated with age and positively correlated with both the serum aminotransferase (AST) concentration and the serum urea concentration (p < 0.05). The average unpleasantness score was positively correlated with the duration of therapy, serum creatinine, and albumin concentrations (p < 0.05). The final regression models for the number of pain responses and localized-generalized included group, practicing exercise, and AST, while the model for the average pain intensity included only the grouping variable. The model for average unpleasantness included grouping, AST, Albumin, consuming a healthy diet, and duration of therapy. Conclusion: The Jordanian diabetic patients who participated in the study had impaired social cognition and vicarious experience. A healthy lifestyle had a significant effect on the scores of the vicarious experience in addition to the level of education. Despite being the first study in Jordan to assess vicarious experience in DM, further studies are needed considering imaging and electrophysiological workup. Besides, further prospective studies are needed to determine the significance of the current study.

2.
Arch Environ Occup Health ; 79(3-4): 121-129, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38993119

RESUMEN

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide that has been linked to detrimental health effects that range from neurological impacts to respiratory disease. The objective of this study was to assess respiratory symptoms associated with CPF exposure throughout the application season. Urine samples were collected from Egyptian adolescent applicators (n = 206) and non-applicators (n = 72) to assess 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a biomarker for CPF exposure, along with spirometry measures to determine lung ventilatory function. Samples were collected over 7 months in 2016. Logistic regression was used to model the odds of reporting wheeze symptoms based on urinary TCPy concentrations while controlling for age and smoking in the household. Ordinal multinomial logistic regression was used to model the percent reference for forced expiratory volume in one second (rFEV1) based on urinary TCPy concentration (µg/g creatinine). Wheezing increased with increasing pesticide exposure (OR = 1.74 (1.32 - 2.31)). There was no statistically significant relationship between rFEV1 and TCPy concentration. Efforts to reduce pesticide exposure should be implemented to prevent the potential onset or exacerbation of any linked respiratory complications in adolescents.


Asunto(s)
Cloropirifos , Insecticidas , Exposición Profesional , Piridonas , Humanos , Cloropirifos/orina , Egipto , Adolescente , Insecticidas/orina , Masculino , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Femenino , Piridonas/orina , Ruidos Respiratorios/efectos de los fármacos , Agricultores , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores/orina
3.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes ; 17: 2655-2670, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38974950

RESUMEN

Purpose: Cognitive flexibility is a mental ability that aids in smoothly alternating between them tasks in the brain. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a, common disorder that has been associated with impairments in cognitive functions. This research is a retrospective case-control study aimed at establishing a clear relationship between cognitive flexibility and diabetes among Jordanians, considering demographic, anthropometric, and therapeutic variables. Patients and Methods: The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST)-64 item and the Trail Making Test (TMT) assessed cognitive flexibility in 268 people with diabetes and healthy control. Demographic, therapeutic data were collected. We also measured waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI). As the variables were non-normally distributed, non-parametric statistical tests were used to examine differences (Kruskal-Wallis) and correlation (Spearman) between variables. Results: The patient group did worse on the WCST In contrast to the control group, patients exhibited more significant delays for both Part A and Part B of the TMT (p<0.05). Males had higher WCST conceptual level responses than females. In addition, participants with professional jobs showed less delay in TMT Part A (p<0.05). Age was positively correlated with WCST's total errors and TMT's Parts A and B (p<0.05). BMI was negatively correlated with the WCST's conceptual level of responses and positively correlated with TMT's Part B (p<0.05). In addition, urea and albumin levels were positively correlated with TMT's Part A (p<0.05). Furthermore, creatinine was positively correlated with WCST's total errors and TMT's Part A (p<0.05). Conclusion: Some measures of cognitive flexibility are associated with DM status in the studied sample of Jordanians and other variables (educational levels, occupation, lifestyle, average duration of illness, and age).

4.
BMC Anesthesiol ; 24(1): 227, 2024 Jul 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38982350

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the ability of the peripheral perfusion index (PPI) to predict reintubation of critically ill surgical patients. METHODS: This prospective observational study included mechanically ventilated adults who were extubated after a successful spontaneous breathing trial (SBT). The patients were followed up for the next 48 h for the need for reintubation. The heart rate, systolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and PPI were measured before-, at the end of SBT, 1 and 2 h postextubation. The primary outcome was the ability of PPI 1 h postextubation to predict reintubation using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors for reintubation. RESULTS: Data from 62 patients were analysed. Reintubation occurred in 12/62 (19%) of the patients. Reintubated patients had higher heart rate and respiratory rate; and lower SpO2 and PPI than successfully weaned patients. The AUC (95%confidence interval) for the ability of PPI at 1 h postextubation to predict reintubation was 0.82 (0.71-0.91) with a negative predictive value of 97%, at a cutoff value of ≤ 2.5. Low PPI and high respiratory rate were the independent predictors for reintubation. CONCLUSION: PPI early after extubation is a useful tool for prediction of reintubation. Low PPI is an independent risk factor for reintubation. A PPI > 2.5, one hour after extubation can confirm successful extubation.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedad Crítica , Intubación Intratraqueal , Índice de Perfusión , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Intubación Intratraqueal/métodos , Anciano , Extubación Traqueal/métodos , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Saturación de Oxígeno/fisiología , Respiración Artificial/métodos , Frecuencia Respiratoria/fisiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Adulto
5.
PeerJ ; 12: e16864, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38317841

RESUMEN

Medical students attending university for the first time experience a new environment, full of significant social, cultural, and intellectual challenges. Moreover, drug abuse and bullying among university students are major global concerns. The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of medicolegal issues on undergraduate and postgraduate students. It is a cross-sectional survey-based study, with each set of questions investigating cognitive functions, aggression, personality, and exposure to medicolegal issues. Males and those with a chronic disease have been significantly exposed to medicolegal issues; exposed students were significantly older than nonexposed ones. The scores of aggression were significantly higher among exposed and male students. The cognitive scores were higher for the students from rural areas than in urban areas, and females were more neurotic than males. The current study recommends conducting campaigns to educate university students on the importance of formally disclosing unethical behaviors and listening to the victims to facilitate overcoming their negative feelings. As many victims feel comfortable disclosing victimization to their friends, we recommend conducting peer educational programs to help friends support their colleagues regarding unethical misconduct.


Asunto(s)
Acoso Escolar , Estudiantes de Medicina , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Transversales , Agresión/psicología , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Cognición
6.
Neurotoxicology ; 95: 75-82, 2023 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36621468

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in attention and hyperactivity/impulsivity that cause impairments to daily living. An area of long-standing concern is understanding links between environmental toxicants, including pesticides, and the development or worsening of ADHD. OBJECTIVES: The present study evaluated associations between occupational pesticide exposure, specifically organophosphate (OP) pesticides, chlorpyrifos (CPF) and the pyrethroids (PYR) alpha-cypermethrin (αCM) and lambda-cyhalothrin (λCH), and symptoms of ADHD in a longitudinal study among Egyptian adolescent males. METHODS: Participants (N = 226, mean age = 17) were Egyptian adolescent males who either applied pesticides or were non-applicators. Urinary trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) was measured as a specific metabolite biomarker of exposure to chlorpyrifos. Urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) was measured as a general metabolite biomarker of exposure to pyrethroids, while urinary cis-3-(2,2- dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA) was measured as a specific biomarker of exposure to αCM and lambda cyhalothric acid (λCH acid) measured as a specific biomarker of exposure to λCH. Ordinal logistic regression models controlling for age were used to determine the likelihood of ADHD development (measured via parent-reported ADHD symptoms) as the level of biomarkers of pesticide exposure increased. RESULTS: Cis-DCCA was the only biomarker associated with higher likelihood ADHD symptoms (> 0.60 vs. 0-0.17 µg/g creatinine; OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.29-6.14). All participants reported clinical levels of ADHD symptoms when compared to national norms used in the United States. TCPy, trans-DCCA and λCH acid were not associated with risk of ADHD symptoms after controlling for levels of cis-DCCA. No other metabolites were associated with the number of ADHD symptoms. There were no interaction effects found for exposure to both OPs and Pyrethroids. DISCUSSION: The results suggest that exposure to the pyrethroid αCM is associated with more ADHD symptoms. Methodological and cultural considerations in need of further study are discussed.


Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Cloropirifos , Insecticidas , Exposición Profesional , Plaguicidas , Piretrinas , Adolescente , Masculino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/inducido químicamente , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/epidemiología , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Organofosfatos/toxicidad , Organofosfatos/orina , Egipto/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Piretrinas/efectos adversos , Insecticidas/efectos adversos , Plaguicidas/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Piridinas , Biomarcadores , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/análisis
7.
Cureus ; 14(10): e30772, 2022 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36465788

RESUMEN

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common adolescent hip disorder affecting adolescents between eight and 15 years of age. Therefore, few studies in the literature address children under the age of 10 years with SCFE. Obesity is a well-known predisposing factor for SCFE. Increased body mass index, in addition to high activity levels, may cause shearing forces during normal activities that may cause a slip in children less than 10 years of age. This paper reports a rare case of SCFE in a 40-month-old girl with an unusual etiology of a seizure attack. Awareness regarding this condition by observing the presentation of symptoms and radiographic findings is useful to rthopedic surgeons in its management.

8.
Cureus ; 14(11): e32032, 2022 Nov.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36600867

RESUMEN

Concomitant ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures with metatarsal bone fractures in young adults are extremely rare, and there are only a few reports regarding these fractures in the literature. High-energy trauma is a well-known attributable factor for this type of fracture. In this report, we presented a rare case of ipsilateral intertrochanteric and femoral shaft fractures with metatarsal bone (MTB) fractures in a 42-year-old male patient who was a victim of a road traffic accident (RTA). He was managed by closed fracture reduction and fixation with gamma nails, lag and locking screws, and K-wires. This particular combination of fractures is scarce. Reporting such a case to orthopedic surgeons is useful for management since these injuries present technical and infrastructural challenges, especially in resource-limited hospitals.

9.
Nurs Open ; 9(1): 816-823, 2022 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34806326

RESUMEN

AIM: The study aimed to assess the incidence of needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare workers (HCWs) in the Jazan region of Saudi Arabia, as well as to determine whether there exists an association between hospital level and needlestick and sharps injuries rate. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 609 randomly selected HCWs from nine general hospitals. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire, which covered the structure and process of injection safety, was used for data collection. RESULTS: The overall needlestick and sharps injuries incidence rate was 24%. The needlestick and sharps injuries rates were 30% and 14% in secondary and tertiary hospitals, respectively. HCWs working in tertiary hospitals were 61% less likely to have needlestick and sharps injuries than those employed in secondary hospitals. This was mainly the impact of better and continuous training. High safety level maintenance and health education provision are vital in such settings.


Asunto(s)
Lesiones por Pinchazo de Aguja , Estudios Transversales , Personal de Salud , Humanos , Lesiones por Pinchazo de Aguja/epidemiología , Lesiones por Pinchazo de Aguja/etiología , Arabia Saudita/epidemiología , Atención Terciaria de Salud
10.
Toxics ; 9(6)2021 Jun 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34200920

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of research that tracks changes in liver and kidney function among pesticide applicators. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of repeated seasonal exposure to the organophosphorus pesticide, chlorpyrifos, on serum measures of liver and kidney function. METHODS: Pesticide exposure was assessed by measuring the urinary concentrations of 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCPy), a specific biomarker for chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos exposure and 8 serum markers of liver and kidney function were measured at 15 timepoints over 3 years prior to, during, and following the end of seasonal pesticide application among adolescent applicators and non-applicators from 4 field stations in Menoufia, Egypt. RESULTS: Urinary TCPy levels showed increases during the application cycles and recovery at the end of each application season. Altered serum markers of liver and kidney function were associated with chlorpyrifos exposure, with some markers recovering 3 months after the end of exposure each year, while other measures demonstrated progressive increase up to 300% the baseline levels at the end of 3 years. CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that frequent assessment of liver and kidney function is a sound practice to evaluate cellular injury following chronic repeated occupational and environmental exposure to chlorpyrifos.

11.
Environ Res ; 197: 111137, 2021 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33839119

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Chronic low-level exposure to organophosphorus pesticides is associated with adverse health effects, including a decline in neurological functioning and long-term impairment. These negative effects may be more detrimental in children and adolescents due to their critical stage in development. Little work has investigated the effects of chronic exposure to pesticides, specifically chlorpyrifos (CPF) during the adolescent period. OBJECTIVES: To examine effects of CPF exposure over a year-long period within a group of male adolescents in Egypt (N = 242, mean age = 17.36), including both pesticide applicators and non-applicators. METHODS: Associations between average CPF exposure (measured via urinary metabolite levels of 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol [TCPy]) and neurobehavioral functioning were examined in a 1-year longitudinal study. Given previous literature, higher levels of TCPy were expected to be associated with worse neurobehavioral functioning. RESULTS: Using mixed effects linear regression, average TCPy exposure predicted deficits in more complex neurobehavioral tasks (Benton visual retention, digit span reverse, match to sample, serial digit learning, and alternating tapping) with estimates of effects ranging from -0.049 to 0.031. Age (effects ranging from 0.033 to 0.090) and field station (effects ranging from -1.266 to -0.278) were significantly predictive of neurobehavioral functioning over time. An interaction effect was found for field station and TCPy across several neurobehavioral domains. DISCUSSION: Results show that occupational exposure to pesticides may have particularly deleterious effects on complex neurobehavioral domains. Additionally, differences across field stations and the age at which individuals are exposed may be important factors to investigate in future research.


Asunto(s)
Cloropirifos , Insecticidas , Exposición Profesional , Plaguicidas , Adolescente , Niño , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Cognición , Egipto/epidemiología , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Piridonas
12.
J Environ Public Health ; 2019: 7078024, 2019.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31781254

RESUMEN

Objectives: To study environmental exposure to benzene as well as hematological effects of benzene exposure in taxi drivers. Background: Exposure to benzene has been associated with adverse health effects, including haematopoietic disorders. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out from the beginning of April 2017, through the end of June 2018, on 280 taxi drivers (the exposed group) and 120 unexposed matched individuals (controls). The tools included a predesigned self-administered questionnaire which contained questions about personal data (e.g., age, educational level, and smoking) and exposure data (e.g., duration and nature of exposure). Investigations involved complete blood count. Environmental studies for light-chain aromatic hydrocarbons (BTEX components: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) were done. Results: Mean values (ppm) of ambient concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (0.81 ± 0.42, 26.69 ± 0.54, 29.36 ± 2.35, and 25.11 ± 2.06, respectively) in the stations were higher than international permissible levels (P < 0.001). On studying the clinical manifestations during the last two weeks, the prevalence of pallor, dizziness, headache, waist and back pain, fatigue, dry throat, and discomfort was significantly higher in taxi drivers (27.1%, 24.3%, 21.4%, 28.6%, 45.7%, 24.3%, and 25.7%, respectively) than among the controls (6.7%, 4.2%, 6.7%, 10%, 10%, 6.7%, 6.7%, and 9.2%, respectively). For chronic diseases, hypertension was the most prevalent chronic disease among the drivers (17.1%) than the controls (5.8%) (P=0.002). Regarding self-assessment of health status, 20.0% of taxi drivers reported poor health while 31.4% reported very good health (P < 0.001). MCH (pg), TLC (×103/µl), and platelets (×103/µl) were significantly lower among taxi drivers (26.33 ± 2.31, 6.55 ± 1.38, and 189.07 ± 53.25, respectively) (P=0.005, <0.001, and <0.001 respectively). Conclusion: Abnormal hematological findings among taxi drivers were found on exposure to benzene. Health of taxi drivers is generally affected. Setting a clinic for periodic checkup and health education for taxi drivers is highly recommended.


Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Conducción de Automóvil , Derivados del Benceno/toxicidad , Exposición por Inhalación/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Adulto , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Derivados del Benceno/análisis , Egipto/epidemiología , Estado de Salud , Pruebas Hematológicas , Humanos , Exposición por Inhalación/análisis , Persona de Mediana Edad , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Autoinforme
13.
Int J Occup Environ Med ; 9(1): 32-44, 2018 01 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29319053

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Pesticide applicators are at risk of developing neurological symptoms and neurobehavioral deficits. This risk may increase if the applicator chews stimulant plants like khat. OBJECTIVE: To examine the sociodemographic and exposure determinants of neurological symptoms presentation, neurobehavioral performance, and cholinesterase activity among pesticide applicators in a vector control unit, Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 30 pesticide applicators and 32 non-applicators from a vector control unit in Jazan region, Saudi Arabia, were studied. The study participants completed an exposure and medical questionnaire, and a neurobehavioral test battery. Their blood samples were also tested for the measurement of butyryl cholinesterase (BChE). RESULTS: The mean blood BChE level was no significantly different between the applicators and non-applicators. Working in pesticide application and chewing khat were significant predictors of the neurological symptoms presentation and neurobehavioral deficits among the study participants. Each factor was associated with about 40% of the symptoms included in the questionnaire. Exposure to pyrethroids was significantly associated with a decrement in symbol digit test latency, tapping (TAP) non-preferred hand, and TAP alternating hands measures, representing the executive and motor speed/coordination functions. Khat chewing was associated with TAP preferred and non-preferred hands and serial digit learning measures, representing the memory and motor speed/coordination functions. CONCLUSIONS: It seems that being exposed to pyrethroids and chewing khat are associated with neurological and neurobehavioral drawbacks among pesticide applicators.


Asunto(s)
Catha/envenenamiento , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/etiología , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Plaguicidas/envenenamiento , Adulto , Animales , Butirilcolinesterasa/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Vectores de Enfermedades , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Masticación , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/sangre , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso/enzimología , Plaguicidas/análisis , Arabia Saudita , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
14.
J Toxicol Environ Health A ; 80(10-12): 542-555, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28880741

RESUMEN

Egyptian adolescents are hired as seasonal workers to apply pesticides to the cotton crop and may perform this occupation for several years. However, few studies examined the effects of repeated pesticide exposure on health outcomes The goal of this study was to determine the impact of repeated pesticide exposure on neurobehavioral (NB) performance and biomarkers of exposure (urinary metabolite) and effect (cholinesterase activity). Eighty-four adolescents from two field stations in Menoufia, Egypt, were examined four times: before and during pesticide application season in 2010 and again before and during application season in 2011. At each of the four time points, participants completed a questionnaire, performed an NB test battery, and were assessed for urinary levels of the chlorpyrifos metabolite TCPy (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) and blood cholinesterase activity. Following the study cohort over two consecutive pesticide application seasons revealed that TCPy levels significantly increased following exposure, and returned to baseline levels following the end of the application season. Blood butyryl cholinesterase activity exhibited a similar pattern. Although NB outcomes displayed learning and practice effects over time, deficits in performance were significantly associated with increased TCPy levels with reduction in the number of NB measures showing improvement over time. Biomarkers of exposure and effect demonstrated changes associated with pesticide application and recovery after application ended. Deficits in NB performance were correlated with elevated pesticide exposure. Data demonstrated that repeated pesticide exposure may exert a long-term adverse impact on human health.


Asunto(s)
Cloropirifos/orina , Insecticidas/orina , Exposición Profesional , Piridonas/orina , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/orina , Niño , Colinesterasas/sangre , Egipto , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Adulto Joven
15.
Int J Hyg Environ Health ; 220(8): 1356-1362, 2017 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28939184

RESUMEN

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphourus insecticide applied to cotton fields by adolescents employed by the Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture. Urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy) is a biomarker of CPF exposure that has substantial variability among these applicators. In order to identify predictors of CPF exposure, we conducted a longitudinal study of 43 adolescent pesticide applicators in Egypt from April 2010 to January 2011 in Egypt. Urinary TCPy was quantified at 25 time-points, prior to, during, and following application. We used log-linear regression and a best subset selection approach to identify the exposure determinants that were most predictive of cumulative TCPy and participants' highest TCPy values (peak exposure). Applicators had cumulative urinary TCPy levels ranging from 167 to 49,8208µg/g creatinine. Total hours applying CPF (semi-partial r2=0.32), and total hours in the field applying other pesticides (semi-partial r2=0.08) were the strongest predictors of cumulative TCPy. Applicators had peak urinary TCPy levels ranging from 4 to 5715µg/g creatinine. The amount of time applying pesticides prior to blood draw was the strongest predictor of peak TCPy (semi-partial r2=0.30). We also observed evidence that wearing clean clothes to work was associated with lower longitudinal TCPy. Our results suggest there is an opportunity for targeted interventions, particularly related to hygiene or implementation of personal protective equipment usage to reduce CPF exposure among adolescent pesticide workers.


Asunto(s)
Cloropirifos , Insecticidas , Exposición Profesional/análisis , Piridonas/orina , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Vestuario , Egipto , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Agricultores , Humanos , Higiene , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto Joven
16.
PLoS One ; 12(2): e0172696, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28231336

RESUMEN

Pesticide-exposed adolescents may have a higher risk of neurotoxic effects because of their developing brains and bodies. However, only a limited number of studies have addressed this risk among adolescents. The aim of this study was to compare neurological outcomes from two cohorts of Egyptian adolescents working as pesticide applicators. In 2005 and 2009, two cohorts of male adolescents working as pesticide applicators for the cotton crop were recruited from Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. The same application schedule and pesticides were used at both times, including both organophosphorus, and pyrethroid compounds. Participants in both cohorts completed three neurobehavioral tests, health and exposure questionnaires, and medical and neurological screening examinations. In addition, blood samples were collected to measure butyryl cholinesterase (BChE) activity. Pesticide applicators in both cohorts reported more neurological symptoms and signs than non-applicators, particularly among participants in the 2005 cohort (OR ranged from 1.18 to 15.3). Except for one test (Trail Making B), there were no significant differences between either applicators or non-applicators of both cohorts on the neurobehavioral outcome measures (p > 0.05). The 2005 cohort showed greater inhibition of serum BChE activity than the 2009 cohort (p < 0.05). In addition, participants with depressed BChE activity showed more symptoms and signs than others without BChE depression (p < 0.05). Our study is the first to examine the consistency of health outcomes associated with pesticide exposure across two cohorts tested at different times from the same geographical region in rural Egypt. This similar pattern of findings across the two cohorts provides strong evidence of the health impact of exposure of adolescents to pesticides.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas/psicología , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Exposición Profesional , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Adolescente , Niño , Egipto , Humanos , Masculino , Examen Neurológico , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas
17.
Biomed Res Int ; 2016: 2642506, 2016.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27022605

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Khat chewing is highly prevalent in Africa, Yemen and Jazan region, southwest of Saudi Arabia. Most of Jazani Khat chewers consider khat session as a social activity and do not consider khat dependency. The aim of this study was to explore khat dependency and its relationship with the psychophysical symptoms among chewers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study on seventy Saudi male khat chewers living in Jazan area. Psychological dependence to khat chewing was evaluated using the Severity of Dependency Scale (SDS). The participants filled in a self-administrated assisted structured questionnaire designed to collect data about their medical history, neurological symptoms, and their chewing behavior. RESULTS: Half (52.2%) of khat chewers showed psychological dependency. Those having longer khat sessions (≥6 hours) were more liable for dependency. Physical and psychological symptoms were more prevalent among khat dependent chewers. CONCLUSIONS: khat has a psychological dependence effect that can be measured by the SDS, even in low doses and with irregular use. SDS scale is a useful tool to expect the burden of either physical or psychological symptoms on khat chewers.


Asunto(s)
Catha , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/fisiopatología , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/psicología , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Masculino , Arabia Saudita , Factores de Tiempo
18.
Cortex ; 74: 383-95, 2016 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26687929

RESUMEN

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphorus (OP) pesticide widely used around the world for agricultural operations. Although studies have examined exposure in children, there is limited information on adolescents who are occupationally exposed. Furthermore, there is limited research addressing the change in exposure patterns and outcomes across the application season. The goal of the current study was to examine the impact of chlorpyrifos exposure on neurobehavioral performance in adolescents before, during and after the application season. The longitudinal study was conducted in Egypt from April 2010 to January 2011, quantifying exposure and neurobehavioral performance with repeated measures prior to, during, and following the application period. At each test session, participants completed a neurobehavioral test battery and urine was collected for analysis of the chlorpyrifos metabolite 3,5,6-trichloro-2 pyridinol (TCPy) (biomarker of exposure). Cumulative urinary TCPy over the study period was used to classify participants into low (

Asunto(s)
Atención/efectos de los fármacos , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Desempeño Psicomotor/efectos de los fármacos , Tiempo de Reacción/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje Inverso/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Niño , Egipto , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto Joven
19.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26925434

RESUMEN

It has been proposed that established cell lines contain populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for expansion of these cell lines and their metastatic potential. To address this issue better, we employed a human ovarian cancer cell line, A2780, and sorted cells according to the postulated highly mestatatic cancer stem cell phenotype, CD24+CD44-, and the less-metastatic CD24-CD44+ and CD24-CD44- phenotypes. These cells were employed in chemotaxis assays in vitro to migrate in response to conditioned media harvested from bone marrow or liver cells damaged by irradiation and in in vivo assays to grow tumors after injection into immunodeficient mice. We also sorted single cells expressing all three phenotypes by FACS and expanded them to grow clones. We found that the CD24+CD44- cells are a highly migratory population compared with CD24-CD44+ and CD24-CD44- cells and were seeded in higher numbers in murine bone marrow and liver after intravenous injection. Most importantly, we observed that singly sorted cells efficiently expanded ex vivo into cell populations that represented all phenotypes of the parental cell line. Thus, our data indicate that cells expressing a certain set of markers, e.g., CD24, have at any given moment a higher potential to migrate and metastasize. However, cells that are CD24-negative, if expanded from a singly sorted cell, may give rise to cells containing all of the markers, including CD24. Based on this finding, we propose that the CSC phenotype in cell lines fluctuates with cell expansion.

20.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 11(12): 13117-29, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25522051

RESUMEN

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a commonly used organophosphate insecticide (OP). In adults, exposure to OPs has been inconsistently associated with reduced lung function. OP exposure and lung function has not been assessed in adolescents. The objective of this study was to assess CPF exposure and lung function among Egyptian adolescents. We conducted a 10-month study of male adolescent pesticide applicators (n = 38) and non-applicators of similar age (n = 24). Urinary 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TPCy), a CPF-specific metabolite, was analyzed in specimens collected throughout the study. Spirometry was performed twice after pesticide application: day 146, when TCPy levels were elevated and day 269, when TCPy levels were near baseline. Applicators had higher levels of TCPy (mean cumulative TCPy day 146 = 33,217.6; standard deviation (SD) = 49,179.3) than non-applicators (mean cumulative TCPy day 146 = 3290.8; SD = 3994.9). Compared with non-applicators, applicators had higher odds of reporting wheeze, odds ratio = 3.41 (95% CI: 0.70; 17.41). Cumulative urinary TCPy was inversely associated with spirometric measurements at day 146, but not at day 269. Although generally non-significant, results were consistent with an inverse association between exposure to CPF and lung function.


Asunto(s)
Agricultura , Cloropirifos/toxicidad , Insecticidas/toxicidad , Exposición Profesional , Piridonas/orina , Ruidos Respiratorios/efectos de los fármacos , Adolescente , Biomarcadores , Egipto , Humanos , Masculino , Proyectos Piloto , Espirometría
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