[Infectious factor in transuretral surgery of benign prostate hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis].

PURPOSE: To assess postoperative bacteriuria and infectious complications in terms of antibiotic prophylaxis (ABP) regimens, preoperative urine bacterial status and total prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PubMed, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar and the Cochrane bibliographic databases were searched from 1992 to 2022. The Mantel-Haenszel method was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and inverse variance method was used to calculate mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Primary outcome was the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria, secondary - development of infectious complications. RESULTS: This meta-analysis showed that ABP significantly decreased level of postoperative bacteriuria and infection complications. This meta-analysis was in favour of prolonged ABP ( more or equal 3 days) in lowering postoperative infectious complications rate compared to short regimens ( less or equal 24 hours). Preoperative bacteriuria was not significantly associated with postoperative bacteriuria level and infectious complications. Mean preoperative PSA level significantly differed in patients with and without postoperative bacteriuria. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis demonstrated significant gaps in the knowledge of perioperative bacterial status and antibiotic prophylaxis strategies efficacy in the group of patients undergoing transurethral prostate surgery. There is no consensus on optimal ABP regimen. Most of included studies had significant heterogeneity. Further studies are required.

[Current issues of epidemiology, etiology, risk factors and predisposing conditions of acute pyelonephritis (review part I)].

A growing body of research indicates an upward trend in the incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) around the world. Acute pyelonephritis (AP), which is dangerous by the development of complex, life-threatening conditions, is no exception. Today the demographic portrait, as well as the characteristics of the causative agents and predisposing conditions of this disease are a global issue for the entire scientific community. In order to assess the data available in the global literature on the issues of epidemiology, etiology and predisposing factors for the development of AP, the search for publications was performed in the medical literature databases The Cochrane Database, MEDLINE/PubMed Database, eLIBRARY, ClinicalKey. The presented material includes, among others, 43 sources over the past 10 years, of which 31 publications over the past 5 years: the largest and most representative studies reflecting the current situation with AP in the population among patients in certain areas and under various exogenous and endogenous conditions. This study opens a series of three reviews on the problem of AP, involving discussion of key aspects of pathogenesis AP. Analysis of the literature indicates fragmentation and limited data when comparing the incidence of AP in different countries and different periods of time. The complexity of the intranosological structure of the varieties of acute pyelonephritis today dictates the advisability of updating approaches to research in this area, and the disease itself dynamically evolves along with its etiological agents, the nature of social behavior of people and environmental conditions in general.

Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron.

We present the result of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute using Ramsey's method of separated oscillating magnetic fields with ultracold neutrons. Our measurement stands in the long history of EDM experiments probing physics violating time-reversal invariance. The salient features of this experiment were the use of a ^{199}Hg comagnetometer and an array of optically pumped cesium vapor magnetometers to cancel and correct for magnetic-field changes. The statistical analysis was performed on blinded datasets by two separate groups, while the estimation of systematic effects profited from an unprecedented knowledge of the magnetic field. The measured value of the neutron EDM is d_{n}=(0.0±1.1_{stat}±0.2_{sys})×10^{-26} e.cm.

[Patient's way from acute pulmonary embolism to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: diagnostic and treatment options].

Сhronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a serious, under - diagnosed but potentially curable complication of pulmonary embolism (PE) due to medicine advancements. Lack of specific symptoms and signs makes its diagnosis challenging, requiring clinicians to be ready to suspect its presence in patients with dyspnea of unknown origin or persistent symptoms after the pulmonary embolism event. The success of the treatment of this disease depends entirely on early diagnosis. The complexity of the differential diagnosis is due to the problematic aspects including the lack of doctors' awareness of both the pathology itself and the possibilities of its modern treatment. Recently, in our country, the problem of the availability of expert centers with sufficient experience in providing highly specialized medical care to this rather difficult category of patients who need specific therapy has become very actual. The aim of this review is to provide contemporary information about epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of treating patients with CTEPH, and also, to increase awareness of potential PE→CTEPH transformation. In the article a 4-year - period of experience of the Meshalkin National Medical Research Center on management of CTEPH patients has been presented.

[5-year surgical results in patients with chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension]. / Pyatiletnie rezul'taty khirurgicheskogo lecheniya patsientov s khronicheskoi postembolicheskoi legochnoi gipertenziei.

AIM: To evaluate 5-year results of surgical treatment of patients with chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 170 patients with chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension underwent pulmonary thrombendarterectomy. Mean age was 48±21.5 years. The operation was carried out using standard technique with hypothermia and circulatory arrest. We have analyzed clinical and functional status of 47 patients (23 males) prior to surgery and in long-term postoperative period (5-6 years). Distance of 6-minute walk test, mean pulmonary artery pressure and vascular resistance according to right heart catheterization, RV ejection fraction and volumes according to echocardiography, pulmonary artery diameter according to CT-angiography were analyzed. RESULTS: In remote postoperative period average distance of 6-minute walk test was increased by 2.8 times compared with initial values. Right heart catheterization revealed reduction of the average pulmonary pressure from 54.04±23.35 to 25.16±15.41 mmHg and vascular resistance from 539.66±120.59 dyn·sec·cm-5 to 101.39±89.20 dyn·sec·cm-5. Echocardiography showed increase of RV EF from 36±2.3 to 51.8±4.1% and decrease of RV end-diastolic volume from 109.4±39.2 to 39.1±6.8 ml. According CT-angiography there was decrease of pulmonary trunk diameter from 35.10±5.25 to 30.30±8.65 mm. CONCLUSION: Our 5-year data show that pulmonary thrombendarterectomy has high long-term effectiveness in patients with proximal form of chronic postembolic pulmonary hypertension.

[Efficiency of Operation Trombendarterektomy From Pulmonary Artery Branches Depending on the Degree of Pulmonary Hypertension and Duration of Disease].

AIM: to assess effect of thromboendarterectomy from pulmonary artery branches on clinical functional state of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in dependence on degree of pulmonary hypertension and disease duration. MATERIAL: Patients (n=152) were divided into 3 groups: (1) with systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) less or equal 50 mm Hg (n=20), (2) with SPAP>50- less or equal 80mm Hg (n=46), (3) with SPAP >80mm Hg (n=86). METHODS: Examination included registration of dynamics of general clinical state and character of complaints, six-minute walk test, transthoracic echocardiography with measurement of SPAP and right ventricular ejection fraction, pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy with calculation of index of perfusion deficit. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy from pulmonary artery branches was associated with stable improvement of clinical functional state of patients with CTEPH and regression of symptoms irrespective of preoperative level of pulmonary hypertension.

A new Nalassus Mulsant, 1854 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini), the first representative of the genus from the Russian Far East.

A new species, Nalassus (Helopocerodes) olgae sp. n., is described from Primorsky Krai in the Russian Far East. A new combination is established: Nalassus (Helopocerodes) magyari (Kaszab, 1968), comb. n. The new species is similar to N. magyari but differs in the sculpture of the metaventrite, larger body and widely flattened lateral sides of the pronotum.

Metal-ceramic laminate composite magnetoelectric gradiometer.

Gradiometer resembles in functionality a magnetic field sensor where it measures the magnetic field gradient and its sensitivity is determined by the ability to quantify differential voltage change with respect to a reference value. Magnetoelectric (ME) gradiometer designed in this study is based upon the nickel (Ni)-Pb(Zr,Ti)O(3) (PZT) composites and utilizes the ring-dot piezoelectric transformer structure working near the resonance as the basis. The samples had the ring-dot electrode pattern printed on the top surface of PZT, where ring acts as the input while dot acts as the output. There is an insulation gap between the input and output section of 1.2 mm. The generated magnetic field due to converse ME effect interacts with the external applied magnetic field producing flux gradient, which is detected through the frequency shift and output voltage change in gradiometer structure. The measurements of output voltage dependence on applied magnetic field clearly illustrate that the proposed design can provide high sensitivity and bandwidth.

Test of Lorentz invariance with spin precession of ultracold neutrons.

A clock comparison experiment, analyzing the ratio of spin precession frequencies of stored ultracold neutrons and 199Hg atoms, is reported. No daily variation of this ratio could be found, from which is set an upper limit on the Lorentz invariance violating cosmic anisotropy field b perpendicular < 2 x 10(-20) eV (95% C.L.). This is the first limit for the free neutron. This result is also interpreted as a direct limit on the gravitational dipole moment of the neutron |gn| < 0.3 eV/c2 m from a spin-dependent interaction with the Sun. Analyzing the gravitational interaction with the Earth, based on previous data, yields a more stringent limit |gn| < 3 x 10(-4) eV/c2 m.

Improved experimental limit on the electric dipole moment of the neutron.

An experimental search for an electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron has been carried out at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. Spurious signals from magnetic-field fluctuations were reduced to insignificance by the use of a cohabiting atomic-mercury magnetometer. Systematic uncertainties, including geometric-phase-induced false EDMs, have been carefully studied. The results may be interpreted as an upper limit on the neutron EDM of |d(n)|< 2.9 x 10(-26)e cm (90% C.L.).

[Antihypertensive effect of enalapril and lisinopril administered in combination with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents]. / Antigipertenzivnyi éffekt énalaprila i lizinoprila pri primenenii nesteroidnykh protivovospalitel'nykh preparatov.

AIM: To study the effects of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) on antihypertensive activity of ACE inhibitors with different metabolic activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 30 patients aged 45-70 years with arterial hypertension of degree I-II who had moderate and high risk of cardiovascular complications and concomitant spinal osteochondrosis with radicular syndrome. 20 patients received sequential treatment. Four variants of the course treatment were used: 1) monotherapy with enalapril maleate (2 mg twice a day); 2) enalapril maleate (5 mg twice a day) in combination with NSAID; 3) monotherapy with lisinopril (10 mg once a day); 4) lisinopril (10 mg once a day in combination with NSAID. 10 patients received enalapril (10 mg once a day) and acetylsalicylic acid (500 and 100 mg). RESULTS: To the end of the treatment week 2 good and satisfactory antihypertensive effect was achieved in 70 and 85% on enalapril and lisinopril, respectively. NSAID addition to enalapril worsened its antihypertensive activity, to lisinopril--the negative effect was much less. CONCLUSION: The data suggest metabolic conception of competitive interaction of ACE inhibitors with NSAID. Therefore, ACE inhibitors should be used differentially in active therapy with NSAID.

[Comparative study of peripheral circulation, lipid metabolism and hemocoagulation in families with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus]. / Sravnitel'noe issledovanie sostoianiia perifericheskogo krovoobrashcheniia, lipidnogo obmena i gemokoaguliatsii v sem'iakh bol'nykh aterosklerozom i sakharnym diabetom.

AIM: The study of peripheral circulation (PC) in patients with atherosclerosis (AS), diabetes mellitus (DM) type I and II as well as their close relatives to clarify correlations between circulatory disorders, disturbances of lipid metabolism (LM) and hemocoagulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patients and their relatives were divided into 3 groups: with AS, DM type I and II. Individuals without relevant hereditary predisposition served control. A total of 564 subjects were examined. Thermography (TG), TV capillaroscopy of the nail bed (TVCNB), measurements of total blood cholesterol (TBC), high density lipoproteins (HDLP) cholesterol, triglycerides, coagulation time, plasma recalcification, free heparin, fibrinogen concentration, calculation of the atherogenic and prothrombin indices were conducted. RESULTS: Microcirculation suffered most of all, especially in patients and their relatives with AS and DM type I. TVCNB detected morphological changes of the capillaries confirmed by TG. DM patients and their relatives, especially those with DM type I had most distinct morphological shifts. CONCLUSION: The above PC disorders result from lipid metabolism and hemocoagulation abnormalities affecting blood rheology. In DM patients and their relatives especially in those with DM type I specific alterations of the capillary structure in DM and hereditary predisposition to DM are a contributing factor.

[Mechanical properties of the lungs and capillary blood flow in patients with cavernous tuberculosis before and after partial resection]. / Mekhanicheskie svoistva legkikh i kapilliarnyi krovotok u bol'nykh kavernoznym tuberkulezom do i posle chastichnykh rezektsii.

The results of the study of pulmonary ventilation function, respiratory biomechanics and capillary blood flow in 16 patients with cavernous tuberculosis before and after partial resections are given. An obstructive component due to the inflammatory changes in the bronchial tree was found to underlie moderate impairments in pulmonary mechanical properties. The capillary blood flow depends on the magnitude of secondary changes in lung tissue. Partial resections lead to deterioration of elastic properties of the lungs in combination with reduced capillary network. Recovered functional parameters in the long-term period of the follow-up confirms that it is expedient to use partial resection in the early stage of a combined treatment of patients with cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis.

The use of yttrium-rare earth aluminium garnet solid solutions for bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW) devices.

The isomorphic solid solution of yttrium-rare earth aluminium garnets is suggested as a dielectric material for acoustic waveguides with extremely low acoustic-wave absorption (AWA) at room temperature and for frequencies higher than 10 GHz. The two main mechanisms by which substitutional atoms decrease the bulk AWA are determined. The first one is the decrease in effective lifetime of the thermal phonons resulting in the corresponding reduction of the viscoelastic absorption-this mechanism is important for the shear acoustic waves. The second is more important for longitudinal waves. It is the reduction of Gruneisen constants for solid solution as compared to the crystal matrices.