Synthesis of Fused Azo-linked Acridine Derivatives Using MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA Nanocomposite.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, the synthesis of azo-linked acridine by the reaction of dimedone and synthesized diazoaryl-(2-amino-5-(phenyl)methanone using Ag2S/RHA-MCM-41nanocomposite is reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The synthesized catalyst was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and SEM. According to the obtained results, Ag2S/RHA-MCM-41 nanocomposite exhibited high activity in the synthesis of azo-acridine derivatives based on desirable yields and reaction time. Products were prepared in 1.5-2 h and with 88-93% yield. In all the reactions, the catalyst could be easily removed and reused, and its catalytic activity was maintained after five uses and did not decrease significantly. The structures of all newly synthesized products were characterized by spectroscopic spectra (FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR) and elemental analyses. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results of the study showed that ionic liquid [DBU]OAc (entry 8) and MCM- 41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite (entry 8) possessed better efficiency and shorter time than other reaction conditions. CONCLUSION: In this study, new azo-linked acridine derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of different azo derivatives and dimedone using MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite, and the reaction products were obtained in 1.5-2 h with an efficiency of 88-93%. The short reaction time and high efficiency of the obtained products indicated the high efficiency of this method. In all the reactions, MCM-41/Ag2S-RHA nanocomposite could be easily removed and reused. Its catalytic activity was maintained in the sample reaction after five runs and did not decrease significantly.

Evaluation of multi-hazard map produced using MaxEnt machine learning technique.

Natural hazards are diverse and uneven in time and space, therefore, understanding its complexity is key to save human lives and conserve natural ecosystems. Reducing the outputs obtained after each modelling analysis is key to present the results for stakeholders, land managers and policymakers. So, the main goal of this survey was to present a method to synthesize three natural hazards in one multi-hazard map and its evaluation for hazard management and land use planning. To test this methodology, we took as study area the Gorganrood Watershed, located in the Golestan Province (Iran). First, an inventory map of three different types of hazards including flood, landslides, and gullies was prepared using field surveys and different official reports. To generate the susceptibility maps, a total of 17 geo-environmental factors were selected as predictors using the MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy) machine learning technique. The accuracy of the predictive models was evaluated by drawing receiver operating characteristic-ROC curves and calculating the area under the ROC curve-AUCROC. The MaxEnt model not only implemented superbly in the degree of fitting, but also obtained significant results in predictive performance. Variables importance of the three studied types of hazards showed that river density, distance from streams, and elevation were the most important factors for flood, respectively. Lithological units, elevation, and annual mean rainfall were relevant for detecting landslides. On the other hand, annual mean rainfall, elevation, and lithological units were used for gully erosion mapping in this study area. Finally, by combining the flood, landslides, and gully erosion susceptibility maps, an integrated multi-hazard map was created. The results demonstrated that 60% of the area is subjected to hazards, reaching a proportion of landslides up to 21.2% in the whole territory. We conclude that using this type of multi-hazard map may be a useful tool for local administrators to identify areas susceptible to hazards at large scales as we demonstrated in this research.

The Therapeutic Effect of Intravesical Instillation of Platelet Rich Plasma on Recurrent Bacterial Cystitis in Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: Recurrent bacterial cystitis is a common infection in women and there are concerns about its antibiotic therapy. Platelet rich plasma has antimicrobial and tissue repairing effects. We investigated the effect of platelet rich plasma as an intravesical therapy to prevent recurrence of bacterial cystitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty women with a history of recurrent bacterial cystitis were randomly assigned into two groups: 1) platelet rich plasma and 2) control groups. The first group received 10 mL of platelet rich plasma with intravesical instillation plus 40 mL of normal saline. The control group only received 50 mL of normal saline. We did the instillation once a week for four weeks in both groups. We followed up the participants two and 12 months after the last instillation with a questionnaire (the international consultation on incontinence questionnaire in overactive bladder) and result of their urine culture. RESULTS: A significant decrease was observed in the number of bacterial cystitis recurrences in the platelet rich plasma group compared to the control group 12 months after the instillation (4 vs. 1, P = 0.004). Also, there was a significant improvement in the questionnaire's score two (3.6 ± 2.58 vs. 0.66 ± 1.63, P = 0.002) and 12 months (3.4 ± 2.77 vs. 0.006 ± 1.83, P < 0.001) after instillation in the platelet rich plasma group compared to control group. There was no adverse effect 12 months after instillation. CONCLUSION: Platelet rich plasma can significantly decrease the recurrence of bacterial cystitis up to a year after instillation without any side effect.