Analyzing the Relationship Between Chronic Periodontitis and Psychological Stress in Elderly Patients: A Study Protocol.

BACKGROUND:  Although stress is the body's physiological response to challenging life events, chronic exposure to a stressor may not cause stress. In such cases, stress negatively impacts some physiological functions, which can lead to psychosomatic diseases. According to research, inadequate coping mechanisms and long-term stress are factors that moderate the risk and progression of periodontitis. As a result, theories explaining how stress affects the periodontium have been put forth. The clinical examination comprised measurements of the probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level, number of teeth present, and plaque index. The current study uses a questionnaire to examine how psychosocial stress affects periodontium. METHODS:  A written consent form will be obtained after each patient has received an extensive description of the study's objectives. The instrument for diagnosis and natural illumination will be used during the patient's examination. PPD and clinical attachment loss will be compared with a questionnaire. IMPLICATIONS: Patients who are under stress should receive additional periodontal care to prevent periodontal disease from emerging or, if the issue already exists, from progressing to a more critical stage. CONCLUSION:  Stress here deserves special attention because it is a natural part of people's life experiences with various intensities. Prejudice suggests that psychological stress and anxiety have a role in the advancement of periodontitis, which is consistent with the findings.

Characterization of a novel cytosolic sesquiterpene synthase MpTPS4 from Mentha ×piperita as a bioresource for the enrichment of invaluable viridiflorol in mentha essential oil.

Our research addresses the challenge of low concentrations of viridiflorol, a unique and highly valuable sesquiterpene found in various Mentha species. We employed biotechnological strategies to enhance viridiflorol production, which could significantly boost export revenue. Mentha piperita L. sesquiterpene synthase (MpTPS4) was the focus of our study because it is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of viridiflorol. Through biochemical characterization, we confirmed that MpTPS4 exclusively synthesizes viridiflorol. By overexpressing MpTPS4 in M. ×piperita L. using a glandular trichome-specific promoter, we achieved a notable increase (9-25 %) in viridiflorol content. Additionally, we explored the practical application of viridiflorol as a deterrent against the herbivore Helicoverpa armigera. The RNAi-mediated knockdown of MpTPS4 resulted in a significant reduction in viridiflorol levels in the essential oil. More importantly, these results show how relevant MpTPS4 is for making viridiflorol and how biotechnology could be used to increase biosynthesis. Our research provides valuable insights into enhancing the production of this commercially important sesquiterpene, offering promising opportunities for the mentha industry.

Metal Marvels: Revolutionizing Endodontic Restoration With a Novel Endocrown Approach.

This case report explores the innovative application of the endocrown technique for restoring a severely damaged mandibular molar (tooth #46) in a 28-year-old male patient. With a recent root canal treatment history, the patient presented with a dislodged prosthesis. Due to financial constraints, a base metal alloy was chosen for the endocrown restoration. The unique preparation process involved reducing the occlusal surface by 2 mm, creating a shoulder cervical margin, and preserving enamel walls. The endocrown, crafted from a base metal alloy, demonstrated a semi-conservative approach, providing cost-effectiveness and minimal tooth preparation. The case adheres to the 2013 CAse REport (CARE) guidelines. The discussion highlights the biomechanical benefits of the endocrown, emphasizing stress resistance, stability, and superior performance compared to traditional treatments. Materials like ceramic, resin nanoceramic, and polyetheretherketone are briefly discussed, focusing on the promising success rates of endocrowns, mainly through computer-aided designing/computer-aided manufacturing systems. The report provides valuable insights for clinicians considering this endocrown technique in reconstructing severely damaged molars and premolars.

Isoprenyl diphosphate synthases of terpenoid biosynthesis in rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens).

The essential oil of Pelargonium graveolens (rose-scented geranium), an important aromatic plant, comprising mainly mono- and sesqui-terpenes, has applications in food and cosmetic industries. This study reports the characterization of isoprenyl disphosphate synthases (IDSs) involved in P. graveolens terpene biosynthesis. The six identified PgIDSs belonged to different classes of IDSs, comprising homomeric geranyl diphosphate synthases (GPPSs; PgGPPS1 and PgGPPS2), the large subunit of heteromeric GPPS or geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthases (GGPPSs; PgGGPPS), the small subunit of heteromeric GPPS (PgGPPS.SSUI and PgGPPS.SSUII), and farnesyl diphosphate synthases (FPPS; PgFPPS).All IDSs exhibited maximal expression in glandular trichomes (GTs), the site of aroma formation, and their expression except PgGPPS.SSUII was induced upon treatment with MeJA. Functional characterization of recombinant proteins revealed that PgGPPS1, PgGGPPS and PgFPPS were active enzymes producing GPP, GGPP/GPP, and FPP respectively, whereas both PgGPPS.SSUs and PgGPPS2 were inactive. Co-expression of PgGGPPS (that exhibited bifunctional G(G)PPS activity) with PgGPPS.SSUs in bacterial expression system showed lack of interaction between the two proteins, however, PgGGPPS interacted with a phylogenetically distant Antirrhinum majus GPPS.SSU. Further, transient expression of AmGPPS.SSU in P. graveolens leaf led to a significant increase in monoterpene levels. These findings provide insight into the types of IDSs and their role in providing precursors for different terpenoid components of P. graveolens essential oil.

Living will: Todays thoughts and actions.

Introduction: The word "Euthanasia" relates to two different words from the Greek language "Eu which indicates good and Thanatosis which indicates death", suggesting a "satisfactory Death" or "easy and painless Death" The phrase "mercy killing" has become associated with this meaning. It comprises inflicting painless death on a person suffering from an incurable and dreadful illness. It's the practice of terminating a person's life by administering a lethal injection or ceasing medical treatment. Informed and shared decision-making between the patient and the health professional caring for him or her is crucial for the quality of care and its outcomes. Living wills are nothing more than a tangible representation of this truth. As a result of their legal approval, patients' autonomy has been recognized. However, there are some differences in the regulations that have been adopted, and the health practice linked with these documents raises a number of practical and ethical questions that should be considered. Materials and Methods: PUBMED and COCHRANE databases were searched, with no language constraints, up to July 2021. Trial registration studies, hand searching, and bibliographic references of pertinent literature were also checked. Individual authors were responsible for data collection and analysis. The studies were evaluated independently by three review authors. Conclusion: A thorough assessment of the current accessible literature on living will be conducted, just to focus on the knowledge of euthanasia in detail. Most importantly, the social impact of the concept of euthanasia needs to be understood by the society. Moreover, it must be considered that euthanasia is different from suicide. Few communities may show the interference of their religion with euthanasia. So it is essential to enlighten the idea of euthanasia in legal ways for different countries.

Comparative Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Triphala and Chlorhexidine in Full-mouth Disinfection Treatment of Periodontitis in Type 2 Diabetes Patients.

AIM: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of triphala and chlorhexidine (CHX) in the treatment of stages II and III periodontitis with one-stage complete mouth disinfection in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 24 type 2 diabetic subjects with either stage II or stage III periodontitis were randomly divided into test and control groups with 12 patients in each group. For control group, full-mouth disinfection (FMD) was done using CHX and for test group, FMD was done using triphala. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months which comprised of probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment level (CAL), papillary bleeding index (PBI). The primary outcomes considered were a reduction in PPD and a gain in CAL. The data were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The PPD reduction for the test group was 3.38 ± 0.75 mm and for the control group was 3.39 ± 0.76 mm. The CAL gain for the test group was 3.39 ± 0.76 mm and for the control group was 3.18 ± 0.74 mm. Although there was a statistically significant PPD reduction, statistically not significant CAL gain was observed. CONCLUSION: Both the groups with the FMD protocol showed beneficial results in terms of PPD reduction and CAL gain but the test group showed slightly better results. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Clinically, there is more PPD reduction and CAL gain from baseline to 6 months in the test group compared to the control group. Clinically, the test group has more favorable results compared to the control group.

Clinical Implications of Probiotics in Oral and Periodontal Health: A Comprehensive Review.

Probiotic therapy represents a novel concept in dentistry. The microbial nature of dental plaque can be altered, or the probiotic strategy can efficiently inhibit oral pathogens. Probiotics are dietary supplements that are vital for boosting immunity as they include beneficial bacteria and yeast. In dentistry and medicine, the interest in probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics is increasing. By forming a biofilm and assisting in preventing dental cavities, probiotics play a crucial role in dentistry and significantly impact immunity. Prebiotics are non-digestible dietary supplements that enhance health by increasing the quantity and activity of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria. It has been demonstrated that prebiotics, in addition to probiotics, can help treat oral diseases. They promote the growth and activity of beneficial organisms while inhibiting potentially harmful bacteria's growth and activity. Synbiotics are dietary supplements that combine probiotics and prebiotics, believed to work in tandem through a process known as synergism. Studies have indicated that synbiotics, or a combination of probiotics with a prebiotic, may have greater efficacy than either supplement alone.