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Introduction: Despite extensive studies of the impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer, there is a dearth of information from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Our study aimed to report pertinent MENA COVID-19 and Cancer Registry (MCCR) findings on patient management and outcomes. Methods: MCCR was adapted from the American Society of Clinical Oncology COVID-19 Registry to collect data specifically from patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection from 12 centers in eight countries including Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Algeria, United Arab Emirates, and Morocco. The Registry included data on patients and disease characteristics, treatment, and patient outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess associations with mortality. Results: Between November 29, 2020, and June 8, 2021, data were captured on 2008 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the beginning of the pandemic. Median age was 56 years (16-98), 56.4% were females, and 26% were current or ex-smokers. Breast cancer (28.5%) was the leading diagnosis and 50.5% had metastatic disease. Delays of planned treatment (>14 days) occurred in 80.3% for surgery, 48.8% for radiation therapy, and 32.9% for systemic therapy. Significant reduction in the delays of all three treatment modalities occurred after June 1, 2020. All-cause mortality rates at 30 and 90 days were 17.1% and 23.4%, respectively. All-cause mortality rates at 30 days did not change significantly after June 1, 2020; however, 90-day mortality increased from 33.4% to 42.9% before and after that date (p = 0.015). Multivariable regression analysis showed the following predictors of higher 30- and 90-day mortality: age older than 70 years, having metastatic disease, disease progression, and being off chemotherapy. Conclusion: Patients with cancer in the MENA region experienced similar risks and outcome of COVID-19 as reported in other populations. Although there were fewer treatment delays after June 1, 2020, 90-day mortality increased, which may be attributed to other risk factors such as disease progression or new patients who presented with more advanced disease.
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OBJECTIVES: To assess the quality and quantity of Saudi publications in oncology over a 10-year period. METHODS: A systematic PubMed search was conducted between January 2008 and December 2017 to retrieve all Saudi oncology publications. Data about the articles was collected. The level of evidence (LOE) was independently assessed by 2 authors. Two 5-year periods (2008-2012 and 2013-2017) were compared using the relevant parameters. Clinicaltrials.gov was also searched for all oncology trials registered in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: A total of 839 publications met our inclusion criteria. The most common type of research was case series, totaling 32% of all publications. Clinical trials formed less than 2% of the total. The LOE was I, II, III, and IV in 0.3%, 2.1%, 58.4%, and 39.3% of the included publications, respectively. The LOE was the same in the 2 periods. There were more publications in international journals (p=0.004), more international collaborations (p=0.001), and higher journal impact factors (p=0.037) in 2013-2017 than in 2008-2012. Only 76 registered clinical trials were found in the Clinicaltrials.gov registry. CONCLUSION: Despite an increase in the number of Saudi publications in the field of oncology over time, the LOE did not change. There were, however, some improvements in the international collaboration and journal impact factor, as well as an increase in the number of studies published in international journals. These observations call for a national strategy to improve oncology research in Saudi Arabia.
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Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Oncología Médica/tendencias , Publicaciones/estadística & datos numéricos , Publicaciones/tendencias , Mejoramiento de la Calidad , Investigación/tendencias , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Cooperación Internacional , Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto , Arabia Saudita , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
An 8-year-old, human immune virus-negative boy received full human leukocyte antigen-matched related allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. While on cyclosporine A and prednisolone therapy for graft versus host disease, he developed extensive gingival, cutaneous, and respiratory tract human herpes virus-8-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Withdrawal of cyclosporine, tapering of prednisolone, recovery of lymphocyte count, and local supportive measures resulted in resolution of his gingival and respiratory tract lesions. To our knowledge this is the first case of gingival and extensive respiratory tract KS to be reported in a child post HSCT.
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Neoplasias Gingivales/inmunología , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Neoplasias Pulmonares/inmunología , Sarcoma de Kaposi/inmunología , Niño , Ciclosporina/efectos adversos , Enfermedad Injerto contra Huésped/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/efectos adversos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/cirugía , Masculino , Prednisolona/efectos adversos , Trasplante HomólogoRESUMEN
MHC Class II antigen processing and presentation to CD4+ T cells is important in anti-tumor immunity. ETV6-AML1-positive precursor-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) is associated with good outcome and late relapse. We analyzed HLA-DR and the MHC Class II processing components HLA-DO, HLA-DM, and Class II-associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP) expression, in ETV6-AML1-positive and ETV6-AML1-negative ALL. Overall, CLIP expression was low, while HLA-DM was significantly higher in ETV6-AML1-positive cells. No significant difference in HLA-DO was observed. The HLA-DR(high)/CLIP(low)/HLA-DM(high) phenotype strongly suggests that ETV6-AML1 leukemia will induce favorable immune responses and may in part explain the characteristic late relapses associated with ETV6-AML1 pre-B ALL.
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Subunidad alfa 2 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Antígenos HLA-D/inmunología , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/genética , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/inmunología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-ets/genética , Proteínas Represoras/genética , Translocación Genética , Niño , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Proteína ETS de Variante de Translocación 6RESUMEN
Hyperuricemia developed in 2 children with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia at a time of hemolytic crisis. One likely cause of hyperuricemia is the destruction of nucleated RBC precursors by autoantibodies. It is advised that patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia be examined for hyperuricemia. This might explain the reason for reticulocytopenia and might prevent unnecessary bone marrow procedures. When hyperuricemia is present, supportive therapy might be needed to prevent renal damage.
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Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/complicaciones , Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune/fisiopatología , Hiperuricemia/complicaciones , Hiperuricemia/fisiopatología , Reticulocitos/patología , Médula Ósea/patología , Niño , Hemoglobinas/análisis , Humanos , Lactante , MasculinoRESUMEN
Complex regional pain syndrome, characterized by pain, autonomic dysfunction, and decreased range of motion, developed after hepatitis B vaccination in four grade-6 children since the introduction of the vaccination program in British Columbia in 1992. The reaction may result from injection trauma or may be secondary to a vaccine constituent.