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Biobanks are important research infrastructure developed rapidly by Chinese hospitals. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the comprehensive research competitiveness of hospitals and the development of hospital biobanks. In 2018, we conducted a national survey among Chinese biobank managers and directors. An online questionnaire was used to collect data of biobank characteristics. Of the 70 academic hospital biobanks responded to our survey, 49 of their hospitals were listed in the Science and Technology Evaluation Metrics (STEM) and 46 of their hospitals were listed in the Fudan Hospital Rankings, respectively, in 2018. Hospital scores from the STEM and Fudan Hospital Rankings were identified from their official websites. Multivariate linear regression analyses were used to assess the associations of STEM scores and Fudan Hospital Rankings with the scale of biobanks. The overall STEM score, Scientific and Technological Output, and Academic Impact in hospitals with large-scale biobanks were 48.35%, 55.16%, and 58.65% higher than those with small-scale biobanks, respectively. The scale of biobanks was positively associated with STEM score (ß = 0.367, p = 0.009), Scientific and Technological Output (ß = 0.441, p = 0.001), and Academic Impact (ß = 0.304, p = 0.044) after adjustment for potential confounders. For Fudan Hospital Rankings, the comprehensive score and sustainable development ability score were higher in hospitals with large-scale biobanks. Further analyses showed that the scale of the biobanks was positively associated with a higher comprehensive score (ß = 0.313, p = 0.037) and a sustainable development ability score (ß = 0.463, p < 0.001). The scale of hospital biobanks was positively associated with the research competitiveness of Chinese hospitals.
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Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Humanos , Hospitales , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
Chinese clinical biobanks were built rapidly in grade A tertiary hospitals. However, the general information of biorepositories in China remained largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the size, collections, biospecimens distribution and other characteristics of Chinese biobanks in grade A tertiary hospitals. In 2018, we launched a national survey among biobank leaders to provide a comprehensive understanding of Chinese grade A tertiary hospital biobanks. A total of 70 biobank managers or directors completed an online questionnaire to collect information about the biorepositories. Nearly 20% of biobanks stored over one million specimens, while almost one-third of biobanks stored 50-200,000 specimens. In general, plasma and serum were the specimens most commonly stored. For the use of collections, biospecimens were most commonly applied by internal clinical departments. Further analyses revealed that the large-scale biobanks were characterized by earlier establishment, more types of specimens in storage and distribution compared with small-scale biobanks. Moreover, specimens in large-scale biobanks were more commonly used for basic research (62.86% vs. 34.29%, P = 0.017) and clinical research (57.14% vs. 28.57%, P = 0.016). Large-scale biobanks also had more opportunities to cooperate with domestic research institutes (34.29% vs. 5.71%, P = 0.003). Our survey revealed diversity in collections, distribution and utilization of biospecimens among Chinese grade A tertiary hospital biobanks. Although the biobanks had relatively large collections, the underutilization of stored biospecimens and lack of sharing could hamper clinical and biological research.
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The mechanisms governing the development of cardiac pacemaking and conduction system are not well understood. In order to provide evidence for the derivation of pacemaking cells and the signal that induce and maintain the cells in the developing heart, Nkx2.5(+) cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) were isolated from embryonic heart tubes of rats. Endothelin-1 was subsequently added to the CPCs to induce differentiation of them towards cardiac pacemaking cells. After the treatment, Nkx2.5(+) CPCs displayed spontaneous beating and spontaneously electrical activity as what we have previously described. Furthermore, RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that Tbx3 expression was increased and Nkx2.5 expression was decreased in the induced cells 4 days after ET-1 treatment. And the significantly increased expression of Hcn4 and connexin-45 were detected in the induced cells 10 days after the treatment. In addition, Nkx2.5(+) CPCs were transfected with pGCsi-Tbx3 4 days after ET-1 treatment in an attempt to determine the transcription regulatory factor governing the differentiation of the cells into cardiac pacemaking cells. The results showed that silencing of Tbx3 decreased the pacemaking activity and led to down-regulation of pacemaker genes in the induced cells. These results confirmed that Nkx2.5(+) CPCs differentiated into cardiac pacemaking cells after being treated with ET-1 and suggested that an ET-1-Tbx3 molecular pathway govern/mediate this process. In conclusion, our study support the notion that pacemaking cells originate from Nkx2.5(+) CPCs present in embryonic heart tubes and endothelin-1 might be involved in diversification of cardiomyogenic progenitors toward the cells.
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Diferenciación Celular , Endotelina-1/fisiología , Proteínas de Homeodominio/metabolismo , Nodo Sinoatrial/citología , Células Madre/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Potenciales de Acción , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Conexinas/genética , Conexinas/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Abajo , Proteína Homeótica Nkx-2.5 , Proteínas de Homeodominio/genética , Canales Regulados por Nucleótidos Cíclicos Activados por Hiperpolarización , Contracción Miocárdica , Canales de Potasio/genética , Canales de Potasio/metabolismo , Cultivo Primario de Células , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Células Madre/metabolismo , Proteínas de Dominio T Box/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genéticaRESUMEN
The pelvic autonomic nerves innervate the pelvic viscera, and carry a high risk of damage during surgery. This high risk has been ascribed to the complex interrelationship of pelvic paravisceral structures and the difficulty in identifying particular structures, despite the fact that the anatomic characteristics of the pelvic autonomic plexus have been well documented. We dissected ten male embalmed adult cadavers with particular attention to the quantitative parameters of the pelvic plexus and its subsidiary plexus. The right inferior hypogastric plexus and its rectal branch were found to be significantly longer and wider than the left one, while the transverse diameter of the vesical and prostatic branches of the left side was significantly larger the right. The inferior mesenteric plexus gave off fibers directly to form the pelvic plexus in four of 20 hemipelves (20%). In the side-by-side comparison, the distance to midpoint of the sacral promontory of the left rectal plexus was significantly longer than that of the right, whereas the maximum length (the length of the longest nerve fiber from origin to corresponding organ) of the left vesical plexus was significantly shorter than that of the right. Additionally, the craniocaudal and dorsoventral diameters of the right pelvic autonomic plexus were significantly shorter those of the left. The quantitative parameters relating to the pelvic autonomic plexuses not only can enhance our understanding of its anatomy and function, but can also be used as references for surgical procedures and robot-assisted surgery.
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Plexo Hipogástrico/anatomía & histología , Pelvis/inervación , Ganglios Simpáticos/anatomía & histología , Humanos , Masculino , Sistema Nervioso Parasimpático/anatomía & histología , Recto/cirugíaRESUMEN
A variety of studies have reported on the isolation and expansion of cardiac stem cells from adult hearts. However, there is little information concerning cardiac stem/progenitor cells derived from embryonic hearts/heart tubes. To provide more evidence for embryonic heart-derived stem/progenitor cells, Nkx2.5+ human cardiac progenitorcells (hCPCs) were isolated and cloned from human heart tubes. The cells stained positive for Nkx2.5 and Oct-4, and negative for alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA), cytokeratin, factor-VIII, alpha-sarcomeric actin and c-Kit. GATA-4 expression of Nkx2.5+ hCPCs was higher than that of embryonic limb bud mesenchymal cells of the control group (p < 0.05). These cells were passaged continuously for >3 months (23 passages) and proliferated actively in vitro. After being treated with 5-azacytidine, Nkx2.5+ hCPCs underwent cardiomyogenic differentiation. Ultrastructural observation confirmed that the longitudinal section of these cardiomyogenic differentiation cells clearly revealed typical sarcomeres and intercalated discs. alpha-MHC, alpha-sarcomeric actin and GATA-4 levels were increased in Nkx2.5+ hCPCs treated with 5-azacytidine compared to untreated cells. Nkx2.5+ hCPCs exhibited positive staining and had a higher expression for alpha-SMA when cocultured with canine vascular endothelial cells. After Nkx2.5+ hCPCs were treated with endothelin-1, all cells displayed spontaneous electrical activity and spontaneous beating. Connexin-40 and -45 were stained positive in the treated cells. In conclusion, Nkx2.5+ hCPCs derived from heart tubes have been isolated and cloned in vitro. These cells are capable of long-term self-renewal and possess a potential to differentiate into cardiac muscle-like cells, cardiac pacemaking cells and smooth muscle-like cells. They could have a significant impact on cardiac regeneration medicine and developmental biology.
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Corazón/embriología , Miocitos Cardíacos/citología , Células Madre/citología , Animales , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Diferenciación Celular , Proliferación Celular , Separación Celular , Células Cultivadas , Perros , Proteína Homeótica Nkx-2.5 , Proteínas de Homeodominio/análisis , Humanos , Factores de Transcripción/análisisRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To provide morphological basis for chyle leakage due to operation on upper abdomen or retroperitoneum region. METHODS: The original part of thoracic duct, cisterna chyle, intestinal trunk, left and right lumbar trunks were examined in 32 adult cadavers. RESULTS: (1) The occurrence rate of cisterna chili was 22% (7 cases), among which 4 cases were oval, 3 cases were triangle. The cisterna chyle was (24 +/- 6) mm in length; the width of middle part was (4.1 +/- 0.9) mm. It was located to the right of midline at the level between the twelfth thoracic vertebral body and the second lumbar vertebral body anteriorly. (2) The original part of thoracic duct was (2.8 +/- 0.7) mm in diameter. The confluence form of thoracic duct included: left lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk united to form the common trunk first, right lumbar trunk then joined the common trunk (9 cases, 36%); right lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk united to form the common trunk first, left lumbar trunk then joined the common trunk (8 cases, 32%); left and right lumbar trunk united to form the common trunk first, intestinal trunk then joined the common trunk (4 cases, 16%); left, right lumbar trunk and intestinal trunk joined together (3 cases, 12%). (3) The intestinal trunk was (36 +/- 15) mm in length. It ascended on the left of descending aorta, superior to the left renal artery, crossed the second lumbar vertebra anteriorly, and joined left or right lumbar trunk to form common trunk, which extended to the cisterna chili or thoracic duct to the right of lumbar vertebra. (4) The lengths of left and right lumbar trunks were (107 +/- 24) mm and (111 +/- 18) mm, the external diameters of origins were (1.7 +/- 0.4) mm and (1.9 +/- 0.4) mm, and the external diameters of terminations were (2.2 +/- 0.6) mm and (2.2 +/- 0.5) mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: The larger lymph tubes should be protected emphatically in the relevant region when dissecting the root of celiac and superior mesenteric artery and the termination of inferior mesenteric vein during abdominal operation.
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Abdomen/anatomía & histología , Conducto Torácico/anatomía & histología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Laparotomía/efectos adversos , MasculinoRESUMEN
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) superfamily can regulate the development of primordial germ cell (PGC) and gonocyte. TGF beta, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), activin, inhibin, and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), all of which belong to the TGF beta superfamily, can play important roles in male germ cell development. Their downstream signaling molecules, Smads proteins are involved in the signal transduction pathway. In addition, TGF beta and AMH contribute to the apoptosis during development. Understanding this effect will help to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the early development of male reproductive system and the pathogenesis of testicular cancer.