Real-world data of China: Analysis of HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reaction monitoring in Western Chinese provinces from 2018 to 2021.

To investigate the HPV vaccine coverage and post-vaccination adverse reactions in Gansu Province, Western China, from 2018 to 2021. Data on suspected adverse reactions to HPV vaccines were collected from the Chinese Vaccine Adverse Event Following Immunization (AEFI). Estimate the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction. HPV vaccine coverage among females in different age groups was calculated using data from the Gansu Provincial Immunization Information Platform. The first-dose HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 45 was 2.02%, with the lowest rate of less than 1% observed in females aged 9 to 14. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence rates of Common Adverse Reaction and Rare Adverse Reaction reported in females after HPV vaccination were 11.82 and 0.39 per 100,000 doses, respectively. Common Adverse Reaction included fever (5.52 per 100,000 doses), local redness and swelling (3.33 per 100,000 doses), fatigue (3.15 per 100,000 doses), headache (2.76 per 100,000 doses), as well as local induration and nausea/vomiting (1.97 per 100,000 doses). Adverse reactions mainly occurred within 1 day after vaccination, followed by 1 to 3 days after vaccination. The HPV vaccine coverage rate among females aged 9 to 14 in Gansu Province is remarkably low, and there is an urgent need to enhance vaccine coverage. From 2018 to 2021, the incidence of Adverse reaction Following Immunization HPV vaccination fell within the expected range, indicating the vaccine's safety profile.

[Association between ameloblastin gene polymorphisms and the susceptibility to dental fluorosis].

OBJECTIVE: To study the distribution of ameloblastin (AMBN) gene polymorphism in coal-fire caused fluorosis (CFCF) in Chongqing municipality and the relationship between AMBN gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to dental fluorosis. METHODS: Under a case-control study, 100 children aged 8 - 12 and 30 adults with dental fluorosis were enrolled in Wushan and Fengjie counties of Chongqing from December 2010 to February 2011. Another 100 children aged 8 - 12 and 30 adults with non-dental fluorosis were chosen as internal control groups together with 50 children and 30 adults without dental fluorosis were selected as external control groups in the non-epidemic area of Yubei district. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood sample of these people. Genotype of AMBN gene 7 extron 538_540delGGA, 10 extron 657A > G and 13 extron 986C > T loci were detected using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. RESULTS: The rates of 7 extron 538_540delGGA loci among case, internal and external control groups were as follows: GGA/GGA-/- 61.2% (74/121), 78.5% (102/130), 74.3% (52/70) ; GGA/-: 24.0% (29/121), 15.4% (20/130), 22.9% (16/70) ; -/-: 14.8% (18/121), 6.1% (8/130), 2.8% (2/70), the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 14.353 P < 0.05). The AA appeared to be 86.8% (105/121), 93.1% (121/130), 91.4% (64/70) and AG were 13.2% (16/121), 6.9% (9/130), 8.6% (6/70), with difference not statistically significant (χ(2) = 2.972, P > 0.05). CC appeared as 81.0% (98/121), 90.0% (117/130), 87.1% (61/70) while CT as 19.0% (23/121), 10.0% (13/130), 12.9% (9/70), with difference not statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.319, P > 0.05). In comparing with the two control groups, the frequency of GGA/GGA was decreasing (χ(2) values were 8.957, 3.405, respectively, P < 0.05) while the frequency of -/- was increasing (χ(2) values were 5.134, 6.833, respectively, P < 0.05). RESULTS: from the univariate analysis showed that the individuals who were carrying -/- genotype had an increased risk of suffering from fluorosis (OR values were 2.7, 5.9, respectively, P < 0.05). When compared with the internal control group, the CT genotype of case group showed an increase (χ(2) = 4.139, P < 0.05) while individuals that carrying CT genotype had an increased risk of suffering from fluorosis (OR = 2.1, P < 0.05), in epidemic-area. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that the 7 extron 538_540delGGA and the 13 extron 986C > T loci polymorphism in AMBN gene might serve as the susceptibility factors causing the coal-fired fluorosis.

[Study on the association between environmental chemical elements and fluorosis caused by coal-fire pollution].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the distribution of chemical elements in soil. To investigate the differences between patients under different state of fluorosis and normal population after preventive measurement was implemented to get rid of some chemical elements and to lower the urine fluoride levels so as to illustrate the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS: Both ecological and comparative studies had been used to analyze the rates and levels of chemical elements. Teeth and skeletal from the patients with fluorosis and controls were taken and florin ion-selective-electrode method was used to determine urine the content of fluorine. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry was used to determine the copper, zinc, calcium, magnesium and iron contents in the whole blood. Differences of contents were analyzed. RESULTS: In Wushan county, the soil contents of nickel (r = 0.553, P = 0.050), iodine (r = 0.571, P = 0.041), fluorine (r = 0.303, P = 0.005), pH value (r = 0.304, P = 0.005) and the rates of fluorosis showed weaker positive relationship. In Fengjie county, the soil contents of mercury (r = 0.285, P = 0.001), nickel (r = 0.212, P = 0.00) and the rates of fluorosis also showed weaker positive relationship. In Wushan county, the urine fluoride level in the patients group [(0.64 ± 0.34) mg/L] was higher than that in the control group [(0.44 ± 0.59) mg/L], (P < 0.05). In Fengjie county, copper [(29.63 ± 3.32) µmol/L] and urine fluoride [(0.83 ± 0.37) mg/L] levels in the patients group showed higher than that in the control group [(26.76 ± 3.63) µmol/L, (0.53 ± 0.23) mg/L], (P < 0.05). zinc (Zn) [(76.13 ± 11.24) µmol/L], calcium (Ca) [(1.87 ± 0.25) mmol/L], magnesium (Mg) [(1.41 ± 0.18) mmol/L] and fluoride[(0.83 ± 0.37) mg/L]levels in urine of the patients in children were higher in Fengjie than that in Wushan [(71.95 ± 7.53) µmol/L, (1.43 ± 1.34) mmol/L, (1.34 ± 0.15) mmol/L, (0.64 ± 0.34) mg/L], (P < 0.05). Mg [(1.56 ± 1.96) mmol/L], ferrum [(8.15 ± 1.00) mmol/L] and fluoride [(2.17 ± 0.99) mg/L] levels among adult patients were significantly higher than in the control group [(1.46 ± 0.16) mmol/L, (7.64 ± 1.00) mmol/L, (1.44 ± 1.22) mg/L] (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Soil, rich in alkaline and fluorosis could increase the intake of fluorine while nickel, cadmium, iodine content in soil might relate to the occurrence of fluorosis. Residents living in endemic areas where anti-fluorine elements as Zn, Ca and Mg were in shortage, might be affected by these chemical elements that related with fluorosis.