Intrauterine Exposure to Long-Chain Perfluorocarboxylic Acids (PFCAs) Were Associated with Reduced Primary Bile Acids in Three-Year-Old Children: Findings from a Prospective Birth Cohort Study.

Bile acids (BAs) play a crucial role in lipid metabolism of children. However, the association between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposure and BAs profiles in children is scarce. To address this need, we selected 252 children from the Maoming Birth Cohort and measured 32 PFAS, encompassing short- and long-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) in the cord blood. Additionally, we analyzed nine primary and eight secondary BAs in the serum of three-year-old children. Generalized linear models with FDR-adjusted and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were used to explore the associations of individual and mixture effects of PFAS and BAs. We found negative associations between cord blood long-chain PFCAs and serum primary BAs in three-year-old children. For example, one ln-unit (ng/mL) increase of perfluoro-n-tridecanoic acid (PFTrDA), perfluoro-n-undecanoic acid (PFUnDA) and perfluoro-n-decanoic acid (PFDA) were associated with decreased taurochenodeoxycholic acid, with estimated percentage change of -24.28% [95% confidence interval (CI): -36.75%, -9.35%], -25.84% (95% CI: -39.67%, -8.83%), and -22.97% (95% CI: -34.45%, -9.47%) respectively. Notably, the observed association was more pronounced in children with lower vegetable intake. Additionally, the BKMR model also demonstrated a monotonical decline in primary BAs as the PFAS mixture increased. We provided the first evidence between intrauterine PFAS and its mixture exposure with BAs in children. Further large-sample-size studies are needed to verify this finding.

The white matter characteristic of the genu of corpus callosum coupled with pain intensity and negative emotion scores in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: a multivariate analysis.

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neuropathic pain disorder that not only causes intense pain but also affects the psychological health of patients. Since TN pain intensity and negative emotion may be grounded in our own pain experiences, they exhibit huge inter-individual differences. This study investigates the effect of inter-individual differences in pain intensity and negative emotion on brain structure in patients with TN and the possible pathophysiology mechanism underlying this disease. Methods: T1 weighted magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging scans were obtained in 46 patients with TN and 35 healthy controls. All patients with TN underwent pain-related and emotion-related questionnaires. Voxel-based morphometry and regional white matter diffusion property analysis were used to investigate whole brain grey and white matter quantitatively. Innovatively employing partial least squares correlation analysis to explore the relationship among pain intensity, negative emotion and brain microstructure in patients with TN. Results: Significant difference in white matter integrity were identified in patients with TN compared to the healthy controls group; The most correlation brain region in the partial least squares correlation analysis was the genus of the corpus callosum, which was negatively associated with both pain intensity and negative emotion. Conclusion: The genu of corpus callosum plays an important role in the cognition of pain perception, the generation and conduction of negative emotions in patients with TN. These findings may deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of TN.

An enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction by the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field.

Promoting better thermodynamics and kinetics of electrocatalysts is key to achieving an efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Utilizing the photothermal effect and micro-electric field of electrocatalysts is a promising approach to promote the sluggish OER. Herein, to reveal the relationship of the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field with OER performance, NiSx coupled NiFe(OH)y on nickel foam (NiSx@NiFe(OH)y/NF) is synthesized and subjected to the OER under near-infrared (NIR) light. Owing to the photothermal effect and its induced micro-electric field, the OER performance of NiSx@NiFe(OH)y/NF is significantly enhanced. Compared with no NIR light irradiation, the overpotential at 50 mA cm-2 and the Tafel slope of NiSx@NiFe(OH)y/NF under NIR light irradiation were 234.1 mV and 38.0 mV dec-1, which were lower by 12.4 mV and 7.1 mV dec-1, and it exhibited stable operation at 1.6 V vs. RHE for 8 h with 99% activity maintained. This work presents a novel inspiration to understand the photothermal effect-enhanced electrocatalytic OER.

Construction of MoB@LDH heterojunction and its derivates through phase and interface engineering for advanced supercapacitor applications.

Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been attracted widespread attention in supercapacitor due to their unique layered structure and associated advantages. However, the inherent limitations of low electrical conductivity and reaction kinetics rate of LDH restrict its widespread application. Various modification techniques, such as heterojunction formation, phosphorization and introduction of phosphorus vacancies, are employed to modify LDH with the goal of improving the electrochemical performance. Preparation of composite materials using MoB MBene as conductive template and phosphorization are the effective ways for enhancing the electrical conductivity of electrode materials. MoB MBene is prepared using a modified method that combines NaOH etching and a high-temperature hydrothermal process. The presence of phosphorus vacancy is beneficial for enhancing the kinetics rate during electrode reactions. Through the synergistic effect of various modification methods, MP2 demonstrates an optimal electrochemical performance with a superior specific capacitance of 1731.19F/g (238.28 mAh g-1) at 1 A/g. It also demonstrates an impressive rate capacity of 81.28 % at 10 A/g and maintains a satisfactory capacitance retention of 88.14 % after 5000 cycles. In addition, a fabricated MP2//AC ASC device achieves an impressive energy density of 39.91 Wh kg-1 at the power density of 948.25 W kg-1 and demonstrates satisfactory cycling stability of 78.76 % after 5000 cycles. This work presents a comprehensive framework for analyzing the impact of material structure, components, and crystal phases on energy storage performance. It also examines the regulatory impact of different modification methods on energy storage mechanisms.

C-Rich Carbon Nitride Conjugated Polymer Enabling Ion-Migration-Induced Precise Electrochromic Display.

The development of electrochromic (EC) displays has been in the challenge of displaying precise patterns, such as characters or high-resolution images of small size. High-performance EC materials as well as efficient, precise-display strategies are still urgent. To enable a microfactor-guided strategy for highly precise display, I3-/I- ion-migration-induced localized electrochromism is developed in an EC device based on the C-rich polymeric carbon nitride (CPCN). The CPCN material with an extended conjugated backbone of individual aromatic nuclei and heptazine rings has been reported possessing remarkable photorechargeable performance. Owing to the self-charging behavior, the CPCN exhibits color switching by the interfacial charge recombination with I3- ions in electrolyte and serves as the EC material with a coloration efficiency of 210.2 cm2 C-1 and an optical contrast of 48.6%. Material synthesis, electrode preparation, device design and fabrication, mechanism analysis, and performance evaluation of the CPCN-based EC display device are described.

Chirality dependent electromechanical properties of single-layer MoS2 under out-of-plane deformation: a DFT study.

2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) demonstrate significant promise in logic circuits and optoelectronic devices because of their unique structures and excellent semiconductor properties. However, they inevitably undergo out-of-plane deformation during practical applications due to their ultra-thin structures. Recent experiments have shown that out-of-plane deformation significantly affects the electronic structures of 2D TMDs. However, the underlying physical mechanism is largely unknown. Therefore, it is critical to have a deeper understanding of out-of-plane deformation in 2D TMDs to optimize their applications in different fields. Currently, one of the most pressing matters that requires clarification is the chirality dependence of out-of-plane deformation in tuning the electromechanical properties of 2D TMDs. In this work, using single-layer MoS2 as a probe, we systematically investigate the effects of out-of-plane deformation along different chirality directions on the bond length, bending stiffness, electric polarization, and band structure of 2D TMDs by employing first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Our results indicate that the bond length, bending energy, polarization strength, and band gap size of single-layer MoS2 are isotropic under out-of-plane deformation, while the band gap type is closely related to the direction of deformation. Our study will provide an essential theoretical basis for further revealing the structure-performance relationship of 2D TMDs.

Mechanical property-enhanced thermally conductive self-healing composites: preparation using designed self-healing matrix phase and hyBNNSs.

Polymer composites with good thermal conductivity are gaining more and more attention in the current electronics sector, due to their superior heat management capabilities. However, conventional thermally conductive polymer composites are usually subject to interruptions in heat transfer because of physical damage. The present study prepared mechanical property-enhanced thermally-conductive self-healing composites through compositing a self-healing polyurethane matrix with hydroxylated boron nitride (hyBNNSs). The self-healing polyurethane was obtained by incorporating ligands and cerium(III) triflate [Ce(SO3CF3)3] as the metal center into the polyurethane elastomer. An optimal sample (PUp2C) with high tensile strength (6.8 MPa) and stretchability (1053%), ideal toughness (49.2 MJ m-3), and remarkable healing efficiency (97% healing after 48 h at 35 °C) was obtained. An increase in the content of hyBNNSs from 10% to 30% led to a significant increase in the mechanical performance of hyBNNSs20%/PUp2C, which manifested as the increase in the elongation at break (from 1053% to 1302.5%) and stress (from 6.8 MPa to 16.4 MPa). The XRD results revealed that combining PU with hyBNNSs through coordination bonds could significantly promote the crystallization of PUp2C, which was beneficial to enhancing the mechanical properties of the composites. The through-plane (λ⊥) and the in-plane (λ∥) values of the BNNSs30%/PUp2C composite reached 0.41 and 1.42 W mK-1, respectively, which were 195.2% and 507.1% higher than those of the original PUp2C, respectively.

Comparing the pregnancy outcomes of Re­ICSI and ICSI embryos in fresh ET and FET cycles.

Early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (Re-ICSI) can prevent total fertilization failure (TFF) during conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF). However, the implantation rate of Re-ICSI embryos is lower than that of direct ICSI during fresh embryo transfer (ET). The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of frozen ET (FET) after Re-ICSI. In the present retrospective study, primary infertility patients that underwent the first Re-ICSI and ICSI treatment, were studied. The clinical pregnancy rate, implantation rate, ectopic pregnancy, abortion rate and live birth rate were analyzed between the Re-ICSI and ICSI groups in fresh ET and FET cycles. The average age of patients between Re-ICSI and ICSI groups in fresh ET and FET cycles was (29.0±3.2 vs. 29.1±3.1, and 29.1±3.3 vs. 28.9±3.0), respectively (P>0.05). Compared with ICSI embryos, the clinical pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates of Re-ICSI embryos were lower in fresh ET cycles. By contrast, there were no significant differences in the pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates between the Re-ICSI and ICSI embryos during the FET cycles. Re-ICSI coupled with FET may overcome the impaired outcomes in fresh ET.

Geometric, electronic and transport properties of bulged graphene: A theoretical study.

Out-of-plane deformation in graphene is unavoidable during both synthesis and transfer procedures due to its special flexibility, which distorts the lattice and eventually imposes crucial effects on the physical features of graphene. Nowadays, however, little is known about this phenomenon, especially for zero-dimensional bulges formed in graphene. In this work, employing first-principles-based theoretical calculations, we systematically studied the bulge effect on the geometric, electronic, and transport properties of graphene. We demonstrate that the bulge formation can introduce mechanical strains (lower than 2%) to the graphene's lattice, which leads to a significant charge redistribution throughout the structure. More interestingly, a visible energy band splitting was observed with the occurrence of zero-dimensional bulges in graphene, which can be attributed to the interlayer coupling that stems from the bulged structure. In addition, it finds that the formed bulges in graphene increase the electron states near the Fermi level, which may account for the enhanced carrier concentration. However, the lowered carrier mobility and growing phonon scattering caused by the formed bulges diminish the transport of both electrons and heat in graphene. Finally, we indicate that bulges arising in graphene increase the possibility of intrinsic defect formation. Our work will evoke attention to the out-of-plane deformation in 2D materials and provide new light to tune their physical properties in the future.

Three-dimensional imaging analysis for the diagnosis of dural ossification in thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a multicenter study.

Background: Unforeseen dural ossification (DO) increases the risk of complications in the surgical management of thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF). Several methods have been proposed to identify DO; however, these approaches either have low diagnostic accuracy or poor feasibility. Therefore, we aimed to determine the relationship between DO and the severity and range of thoracic OLF compression using a 3-dimensional (3D) imaging analysis and to evaluate its superiority in diagnosing DO over conventional measurement methods. Methods: A total of 114 consecutive patients who underwent decompressive laminectomy for thoracic OLF in 4 institutions were retrospectively enrolled and divided into DO and non-DO groups. Univariate analysis was performed to determine the relationship between OLF compression and DO. We measured the 3D occupying ratio (OR; 3D OR = OLF volume/normal canal volume × 100%), calculated its cutoff values, and compared its diagnostic value in DO with that of conventional 1D and 2D radiological parameters in the whole thoracic spine. Results: The 3D OR in the DO group (50.9%±7.9%) was significantly higher than that in the non-DO group (30.8%±7.5%; P<0.01). The overall reliability and reproducibility for measurements of the 3D OR (intra- and interobserver correlation coefficients 0.94 and 0.90, respectively) were excellent. Thus, the 3D OR could be used as an indicator to distinguish between DO and non-DO, with high diagnostic accuracy (91.2%). Moreover, a 3D OR of >43%, known as the "ossification zone", was indicative of DO in OLF, whereas a value of <37% was considered the "safe zone". Additionally, the 3D OR [area under the curve (AUC) =0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.93-0.99] showed a statistically higher diagnostic value for DO in the upper, middle, lower, and whole thoracic spine than did both 1D (AUC =0.81; 95% CI: 0.73-0.88) and 2D (AUC =0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.92) parameters (P<0.01). Conclusions: DO was significantly associated with the severity and range of OLF compression. The 3D OR could be used as a critical diagnostic indicator for identifying DO in the whole thoracic spine, owing to its superiority over conventional radiological parameters. Classification of the 3D OR could maximize the clinical feasibility and thus help surgeons to decrease the incidence of DO-related surgical complications.

Anterior controllable antidisplacement and fusion surgery for the treatment of extensive cervico-thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament with severe myelopathy: case report and literature review.

OPLL generally occurs in the cervical spine and involves no more than three vertebral segments, while extensive OPLL that involves the cervico-thoracic spine and spans over multiple segments is rare. Surgically it is difficult to achieve a satisfactory clinical outcome without surgical complications via the traditional anterior or posterior approaches. We report the first application of Anterior controllable antidisplacement and fusion (ACAF) in treating extensive cervico-thoracic OPLL. A 45-year old patient experienced severe walking disturbance, bladder and bowel dysfunction for 5 months after a fall. His preoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was 8 of 17. Preoperative CT and MRI demonstrated a K-line (-) and mixed-type extensive OPLL from C2 to T2, causing significant cord compression. After ACAF surgery, neurological symptoms improved immediately without postoperative complications. Postoperative CT and MRI scanning showed restoration of spinal canal cross section and cord decompression. At 6 months he was able to stand and walk again without assistance and urinary bladder and bowel function returned to normal completely. At 15 months his JOA score was 14 of 17. ACAF surgery provides a promising alternative for the treatment of extensive cervico-thoracic OPLL.

The effect of K-line classification in different cervical dynamic position on surgical outcomes in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament after anterior controllable antedisplacement and fusion.

Purpose: To investigate whether the K-line classification in different cervical dynamic position of patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (OPLL) affects clinical outcome after Anterior Controllable Antedisplacement and Fusion (ACAF) surgery. Methods: A total of 93 patients who suffered from cervical spondylosis caused by OPLL underwent ACAF surgery between June 2015 and December 2017 in a single institution. Neutral, neck-flexed and neck-extended cervical radiographs were obtained from every patient. Subsequently they were classified into K-line (+) and K-line (-) with reference to the K-line classification criteria. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the JOA score, improvement rate (IR) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Radiological assessment included Cobb angle and occupation ratio (OR) of OPLL. Correlations between the long-term surgical outcomes and classification of K-line in different dynamic position were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Significant improvements were shown in all postoperative clinical and radiographic assessments (P < 0.05). There were no differences in IR, Cobb angle and VAS among flexion K-line (-), flexion K-line (+), extension K-line (-) and extension K-line (+) at the 2-year follow-up (P > 0.05). However, the OR of extension K-line (-) (16.13% ± 11.58%) was higher than that of extension K-line (+) (9.00% ± 10.27%) and flexion K-line (+) subgroup (9.47% ± 9.97%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ACAF procedure has shown satisfactory surgical outcomes in various K-line classifications in different dynamic position.

Pregnancy outcome and follow-up of offspring of donor oocytes recipient from PCOS patients.

BACKGROUND: The use of donated oocytes (DO) for in vitro fertilization(IVF) treatment in patients with infertility is generally recognized, and females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can participate in oocyte donation programs as donor patients. However, the pregnancy outcomes and offspring follow-up in patients with PCOS as the recipients are unclear. This study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes and follow-up of offspring in PCOS and non-PCOS receptor. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of 62 patients undergoing the oocyte reception program were separated into 2 groups: Group I, PCOS oocyte recipients (n = 30); Group II, non-PCOS recipients (n = 32). Medical records were reviewed, and rates of fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryos and blastocysts were compared between PCOS and non-PCOS groups. Rates of implantation, pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, early abortion, multiple pregnancies, and offspring outcomes were calculated using the first single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer (SVBT) analysis between the groups. RESULTS: The average recipient age and body mass index (BMI) of PCOS and non-PCOS patients was (36.3 ± 2.6 vs. 36.2 ± 2.8, and 23.4 ± 3.9 vs. 23.7 ± 4.0), respectively (P > 0.05). The fertilization, cleavage, high-quality embryos and blastocyst rates were not significantly different between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups. Rates of implantation, pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy, early abortion, and multiple pregnancies were not significantly different in SVBT between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups. The incidence of complications, such as pre-eclampsia or gestational diabetes, between PCOS and non-PCOS groups was similar (11.8% vs.11.1%, 5.9% vs.5.5%; P > 0.05). Preterm births were also similar (11.8% vs.16.7%, P > 0.05). Donor oocytes are more likely to be delivered via cesarean Sect. (80.0% vs. 86.7%: P > 0.05). The mean gestational age, birth weight, and height were comparable between the 2 groups during full-term delivery. CONCLUSION: There was no difference in the pregnancy outcomes and follow-up of the offspring between the PCOS and non-PCOS groups.

Atomic Scale Optimization Strategy of Al-Based Layered Double Hydroxide for Alkali Stability and Supercapacitors.

The pseudocapacitor material is easily decomposed when immersed in alkaline solution for a long time. Hence, it is necessary to find a strategy to improve the alkali stability of pseudocapacitor materials. In addition, the relationship between alkali stability and electrochemical performance is still unclear. In this work, a series of Al-based LDH (Layered double hydroxide) and derived Ni/Co-based sulfides are prepared, and corresponding alkali stability and electrochemical performance are analyzed. The alkali stability of CoAl LDH is so poor and can be improved effectively by doping of Ni. Ni1Co2S4 and Ni2Co1Al LDH exhibit an outstanding alkali stability, and Ni2Co1S4 exhibits an extremely poor alkali stability. The variable valence state of Co element and the solubility of Al in alkali solution are the fundamental reasons for the poor alkali stability of CoAl LDH and Ni2Co1S4. Ni2Co1S4 showed an outstanding electrochemical performance in a three-electrode system, which is better than that of Ni1Co2S4, indicating that there is no direct correlation between alkali stability and electrochemical properties. Sulfidation improved the electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity of electrode materials, whereas alkali etching suppressed the occurrence of the electrochemical reaction. Overall, this work provides a clear perspective to understand the relationship between alkali stability and electrochemical properties.

Aluminum adsorption and antimonite oxidation dominantly regulate antimony solubility in soils.

Soil antimony (Sb) contamination occurs globally due to natural processes and human activities. Total Sb concentration in soils fails to assess its ecological risk, while determined by the concentration of available Sb, which is readily for biological uptake. Available Sb in different soils varied significantly according to soil properties. However, so far it is unknown how soil properties regulate Sb availability, and no model has been established to predict it through soil properties. In this study, 19 soils spiked with antimonite [Sb(III)] were used to identify the major factors controlling Sb availability and establish its predicting models. The results showed that available Sb in different soils varied largely depending on the contents of free aluminum (fAl), free iron (fFe) and electric conductivity (EC), which explained 33%, 27% and 24.9% of the total variation, respectively. During the first 42 days of soil aging, fAl and EC effectively predicted the concentrations of available Sb with R2 = 0.64, while during the later stages (70-150 d) of soil aging, fAl content was the unique parameter employed into the predicting model (R2 = 0.53). These results firstly demonstrate that the content of free aluminum (fAl) is the most important factor regulating Sb availability in soils, although the content of fAl is much lower than that of fFe. This finding can help to develop new remediation materials for Sb-contaminated soils. The prediction models can provide promising tools of assessing the ecological risk. In addition, Sb availability was also affected by the oxidation of Sb(III). After 150 days aging, 1-61% of Sb(III) was oxidized to pentavalent Sb [Sb(V)], which was significantly positively correlated with available Sb, suggesting that Sb(III) oxidization mobilizes Sb in soils. All these findings would help to understand Sb migration and transformation in soils, and to develop new strategies for remediating Sb-contaminated soils.

The explanation of abnormal thermal quenching of the charge transfer band based on thermally coupled levels and applications as temperature sensing probes.

Because of thermal quenching, conventional luminescent materials suffer from severe problems when employed at high temperatures. Based on the thermally coupled energy levels (TCLs) of rare-earth ions, we report and explain an abnormal thermal quenching phenomenon in the excited state of the charge transfer band (CTB), which is expected to bring out a solution to the problems of the low sensitivity of temperature-sensing materials and applications at high temperature. Temperature-dependent excitation spectra of Er3+ or Eu3+-doped CaMoO4, CaWO4, and LuVO4 phosphors are recorded. It was found that CTB exhibited two abnormal thermal quenching phenomena. One is that the intensity of the whole CTB increases with the rising temperature, named totally abnormal thermal quenching (TATQ), and the other is the integrated intensity decrease but the edge of the CTB at longer wavelengths enhanced with temperature, named edge abnormal thermal quenching (EATQ). The temperature-dependent excitation and diffuse reflectance spectra of the host and rare earth ions with moderate (Er3+) and large (Eu3+) energy separation between TCLs are investigated. One photodynamic model, considering influential factors, such as the absorption of the phosphor, energy transfer efficiency between CTB and dopants, and thermal coupling effect, is proposed and explains the unusual thermal response of CTB. Luminescence thermometry based on the abnormal thermal quenching is realized with the obtained relative sensitivity Sr of 4.65% K-1 @ 328 K, which is four times the value derived from the classic TCLs in the same phosphor.

[Promoting Hospital Safety Culture: The Perspective of Safety Leadership].

Cultures of safety share a strong commitment to the goal of achieving zero harm and to continuously implementing the improvements and innovations necessary to achieve this goal. However, in some healthcare organizations today, safety is often undervalued and considered only after the occurrence of safety incidents, with no sense of commitment and no goal of zero harm. This article first briefly introduces the origin and definition of safety culture, the composition of safety culture, and the safety culture pyramid. Secondly, the definition, importance, and impact of hospital safety culture as well as the assessment tools for hospital safety culture are discussed. Finally, many practical leadership guidelines used in other countries to promote hospital safety culture are introduced as references for domestic healthcare organizations. Because patient safety is a dynamic and complex phenomenon, research and surveys of hospital safety culture conducted every two to three years are recommended to ensure best practices in patient safety. Achieving continuous improvement in patient safety and hospital safety culture requires leadership at all levels. In tandem, a total safety culture must be instilled throughout the health system. Commitment from leadership and management is critical to establishing and maintaining a safe, people-centered environment.

Genetic analysis of recurrent parthenogenesis: A case report and literature review.

The present study reported a case of bilateral salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy with recurrent parthenogenesis over two in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. The first IVF cycle resulted in short-time fertilization. Two cleaved embryos were present after removing the cumulus cells. In the second cycle, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was performed directly and two 6-cell embryos were discovered again prior to the injection. Embryo biopsy, genome amplification, copy number variation (CNV) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis were performed on the two 6-cell embryos of the second cycle. The results of the CNV analysis indicated a genotype of 39,XX,+1,+1,+1,+1,+6q,+6q,+6q,-7p(x1),-10(x1),-13(x0),-15(x0),-17(x1),-18(x1),-19(x1),-20(x1) and the SNP analysis reported that only those chromosomes with one copy had a signal pattern similar to that obtained for an uniparental disomy. Although repeated spontaneous parthenogenesis was observed, the other metaphase II oocytes were fertilized normally after ICSI and the patient became pregnant. A literature review indicated that parthenogenesis may occur in individuals from various populations, and the patients always have a history of either recurrent miscarriages or bilateral tubal obstruction with or without ovarian/fallopian tube surgery. In certain cases, 1 pronucleus (PN) appears and cleaves later and in others, four-to six-cell embryos appear directly.

Research status and development of microbial induced calcium carbonate mineralization technology.

In nature, biomineralization is a common phenomenon, which can be further divided into authigenic and artificially induced mineralization. In recent years, artificially induced mineralization technology has been gradually extended to major engineering fields. Therefore, by elaborating the reaction mechanism and bacteria of mineralization process, and summarized various molecular dynamics equations involved in the mineralization process, including microbial and nutrient transport equations, microbial adsorption equations, growth equations, urea hydrolysis equations, and precipitation equations. Because of the environmental adaptation stage of microorganisms in sandy soil, their reaction rate in sandy soil environment is slower than that in solution environment, the influencing factors are more different, in general, including substrate concentration, temperature, pH, particle size and grouting method. Based on the characteristics of microbial mineralization such as strong cementation ability, fast, efficient, and easy to control, there are good prospects for application in sandy soil curing, building improvement, heavy metal fixation, oil reservoir dissection, and CO2 capture. Finally, it is discussed and summarized the problems and future development directions on the road of commercialization of microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation technology from laboratory to field application.