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1.
Chem Biol Interact ; 398: 111086, 2024 May 31.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38825054

Oleic acid (OA) is a monounsaturated compound with many health-benefitting properties such as obesity prevention, increased insulin sensitivity, antihypertensive and immune-boosting properties, etc. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of oleic acid (OA) and some anticancer drugs against oxidative damage induced by nitropropionic acid (NPA) in rat brain. Six groups of Wistar rats were treated as follows: Group 1, (control); group 2, OA; group 3, NPA + OA; group 4, cyclophosphamide (CPP) + OA; group 5, daunorubicin (DRB) + OA; and group 6, dexrazoxane (DXZ) + OA. All compounds were administered intraperitoneally route, every 24 h for 5 days. Their brains were extracted to measure lipoperoxidation (TBARS), H2O2, Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase activity, glutathione (GSH) and dopamine. Glucose, hemoglobin and triglycerides were measured in blood. In cortex GSH increased in all groups, except in group 2, the group 4 showed the highest increase of this biomarker. TBARS decrease, and dopamine increase in all regions of groups 4, 5 and 6. H2O2 increased only in cerebellum/medulla oblongata of group 5 and 6. ATPase expression decreased in striatum of group 4. Glucose increased in group 6, and hemoglobin increased in groups 4 and 5. These results suggest that the increase of dopamine and the antioxidant effect of oleic acid administration during treatment with oncologic agents could result in less brain injury.

2.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes ; 17: 1845-1851, 2024.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38706809

Case Summary: Female nurse, 44-years-old with a weight of 127 pounds. She attended our emergency clinic for an urgent care due to post COVID-19 vertigo and anxiety. Her problem began with severe, short-lived attacks of objective-circular type vertigo, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. The symptoms occurred when she assumed a lying position, turn right and sat or stood upright. Interventions: The patient received medical prescription for hypothyroidism, vertigo and anxiety symptoms. Oral route feeding was started and was well tolerated. Outcomes: The patient showed good evolution with the treatment. Currently, she is at home with daily intake of levothyroxine and losartan without complications. Conclusion: The clinical case suggests that in patients with hypothyroidism, COVID-19 infection may trigger and exacerbate vertigo and anxiety.

3.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 16(7): 1221-1225, 2022 07 28.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35905028

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious, transmissible and immune disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC). Although osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) has been widely described, the ribcage variety remains a rare form. CASE REPORT: A thirteen-month-old male and a twenty-month-old female, both with pain and increased volume of anterolateral left rib cage were described. Physical examination revealed the presence of a soft consistent mass at the level of the 9th and 5th costal arches in the male and female patients respectively. Upon clinical evaluation, tuberculosis was suspected, which was confirmed by X-ray and histopathological studies. After confirmation, the management, based on anti-tuberculosis therapy was started as follows: nine months of anti-tuberculosis therapy for the male patient and fourteen months for the female. The outcomes were favorable for both patients. However, further interventions, consisting of abscess drainage in the male patient and excisional biopsy in the female patient were necessary. With these therapeutic interventions, to date, the patients are without any evidence of active TB.


Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculosis , Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Drainage , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Rib Cage , Tuberculosis/drug therapy
4.
Int J Neurosci ; 132(6): 574-581, 2022 Jun.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32976735

AIM: The purpose was to measure the effect of Oseltamivir on oxidative biomarkers and dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in brain of rats with induced hypotriglyceridemia by Bezafibrate.Male young Wistar rats were treated as follows: group 1, NaCl 0.9%, (Controls); group 2, Oseltamivir (100 mg/kg); group 3, single dose of Bezafibrate (150 mg/kg); group 4, four dose of Bezafibrate; group 5, single dose of Bezafibrate + Oseltamivir and group 6, four doses of Bezafibrate + Oseltamivir. Drugs were given orally. Triglycerides, Dopamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), Glutathione (GSH), Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation, as well as total ATPase activity were measured using validated methods. RESULTS: Oseltamivir treated animals showed lower GSH and lipid peroxidation levels and an increment in 5-HIAA in the three evaluated brain regions. Treatment with Oseltamivir also reduces H2O2 in the cortex and cerebellum/medulla oblongata. ATPase enzyme increased in these regions in the groups that were administered with Bezafibrate in repeated doses and in combination with Oseltamivir in single dose. Dopamine concentrations decreased in groups treated with Oseltamivir in the three evaluated regions. Also, there was a decrease in dopamine concentrations in the cerebellum/medulla oblongata of the animals treated with the combination of Oseltamivir and Bezafibrate.Innovation and conclusion: Animals with bezafibrate induced hypo-triglyceridemia that received Oseltamivir, either in single or repeated doses, have a higher improvement of their antioxidant activity and also experienced changes in the dopaminergic and serotonergic system in their brain, intending establish the beneficial of joint administration of both drugs in obese patients.


Dopamine , Oseltamivir , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism , Animals , Bezafibrate/pharmacology , Brain/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/pharmacology , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation , Male , Oseltamivir/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress , Rats , Rats, Wistar
5.
J Interpers Violence ; 37(1-2): 644-658, 2022 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32306826

Abusive head trauma (AHT) is one of the most severe forms of child abuse due to its morbidity and mortality. However, AHT is still misdiagnosed in developing countries because of its nonspecific clinical picture and limited knowledge of it on the part of physicians. The aim of this study was to describe some characteristics of children with AHT, their families, and caregivers, as well as the clinical data that could serve as signs for its suspicion and the medical-legal resolution of the cases. Children suspect with AHT in emergency rooms in three Mexican hospitals were included after obtaining informed consent from the parents. All information was obtained from the parents by means of a questionnaire and from different clinical and radiological evaluations of the clinical records of the patients. 15 children, with a median age of 5 months and predominantly males (73.33%), were included in the study. 66% reported a history of irritability periods, and most of the patients (73.33%) had more than one habitual caregiver. The diagnosis of AHT was suspected in only 33.33% on admission in the Emergency Services. Acute symptomatology was present in 53.33%, while less severe symptoms were reported in the rest. Special attention should be paid on babies with history of irritable periods. When a child who is previously healthy and suddenly presents with a seizure or cardiorespiratory dysfunction or brought to the hospital dead, the diagnosis of AHT should be considered as a priority.


Child Abuse , Craniocerebral Trauma , Caregivers , Child , Child Abuse/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/diagnosis , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Humans , Infant , Male , Mexico/epidemiology , Parents
6.
Dose Response ; 19(3): 15593258211033140, 2021.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34602916

Metformin pharmacokinetics in a liquid extemporaneous formulation from commercial tablets was determined in paediatric patients. A randomized, transversal clinical trial was conducted in 34 children and adolescents between 7 and 17 years of age. 17 children were randomized to take metformin in the liquid formulation and, after a 1-week wash period, a 500 mg metformin tablet was administered to them. Blood samples were obtained in Whatman 903® cards at 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 hours. Extraction was made by direct precipitation with acetonitrile (ACN) and methanol, detection by UPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. The method was accurate, precise, selective and linear from 50 to 1000 ng/mL (r = .9982). Comparative pharmacokinetics, tablet vs formulation, were as follows: Cmax 1503.2 ng/mL vs 1521.4, Tmax 1.5 h vs 2.3, and half-life 8.2 vs 7.5 h. The liquid formulation of metformin showed similar pharmacokinetics to the tablet, and the ratios (90% CI) of geometric mean for metformin were 100.63% (89.13-113.6), 98.08% (88.04-109.2), and 97.52% (84.9-112.01), for Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC 0-∞, respectively. Pharmacokinetics was determined using WinNonlin Pro 3.1 software. The liquid formulation of metformin showed similar pharmacokinetics to the tablet, allowing a more precise dose adjustment and ease of administration.

7.
BMC Pulm Med ; 21(1): 265, 2021 Aug 16.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34399724

PURPOSE: The objective of the present study is to describe the clinical, diagnostic, radiological and therapeutic aspects of osteoarticular tuberculosis (OATB) in patients in a tertiary pediatric hospital, to know if the diagnosis of OATB in pediatrics is a challenge due to its insidious clinical presentation. METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study of the cases of Tuberculosis (TB) in children was carried out. A total of 159 cases met the condition for the analysis. RESULTS: The most frequent TB modality was extrapulmonary in 85%. Out of this, only 29% was OATB. The mean age was 4.9 years (range 8 months-16 years). Eighty-six per cent of cases received Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination at birth. Median time of symptoms prior to diagnosis was 8 months. Microbiological confirmation was achieved only in five cases, with a high sensitivity to the antimicrobial treatment. Mycobacterium bovis BCG strain Tokio 172 was confirmed in three cases. Mortality rate was 0% during the time of study CONCLUSION: Our study describes the epidemiological characteristics of OATB cases in Mexican children. This data revealed a high prevalence of bone and joint TB infection. Pediatric OATB should be considered in cases with lytic bone lesions, fever and local pain. In countries with BCG immunization program, M. bovis should not be forgotten as an etiological agent. The low detection rate with one technique approach highlights the urgent need for more sensitive test to diagnose OATB in children.


Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/therapy , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Referral and Consultation , Retrospective Studies , Tertiary Care Centers , Time Factors
8.
Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes ; 13: 3481-3486, 2020.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33061508

Several risks for diseases, such as atherosclerosis, renal diseases, and diabetes, have inextricably been linked with obesity. Nowadays, this health-risk-laden disease is being managed with assorted types of drugs, some of which guarantee modest benefits. The chronic inflammatory effect of obesity has a negative effect in insulin signaling, a situation attributable to insulin resistance that culminates in high blood sugar inputs seen in diseases such as type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Food such as beans with different bioactive compounds could reduce the risk of diabetic complications. Demand for bean products is growing because of its robust contents of several health-promoting components, eg, saponins. Saponins are characterized by containing lower glucose and cholesterol levels and have been doted with antioxidant activities, as well as anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects. In this writing, the attributes of saponins in providing substantial health and nutritional benefits in humans, as well as in improving and ameliorating diabetic complications, were reviewed.

9.
Arch Physiol Biochem ; 126(1): 1-6, 2020 Feb.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30269600

Aim: This study tested the hypothesis that folic acid (FA) modulates biogenic amines and protects the brain against oxidative stress induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3NPA).Methods: Male Wistar rats received (groups of six) for 5 d: FA (50 mg/kg); 3NPA (10 mg/kg); or FA +3NPA. At last day, rats were sacrificed, and their brain was obtained to measure the levels of dopamine, 5-hydroxiindol acetic acid (5-HIAA). Reduced glutathione (GSH), total ATPase, H2O2 and lipid peroxidation were measured.Results: GSH increased significantly in cortex of rats treated with FA. ATPase increased significantly in cerebellum/medulla oblongata and decreased in cortex of animal treated with 3NPA. 5-HIAA increased in striatum of rats that received 3NPA alone or combined with FA.Conclusion: 3NPA generates free radicals such effect can be counteracted with FA administration since this folate increases antioxidant capacity and modulates biogenic amines.


Antioxidants/pharmacology , Cerebellum/drug effects , Cerebral Cortex/drug effects , Folic Acid/pharmacology , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Nitro Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors , Propionates/antagonists & inhibitors , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism , Animals , Cerebellum/metabolism , Cerebral Cortex/metabolism , Corpus Striatum/drug effects , Corpus Striatum/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Glutathione/agonists , Glutathione/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/antagonists & inhibitors , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/agonists , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Medulla Oblongata/drug effects , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Nitro Compounds/administration & dosage , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Propionates/administration & dosage , Rats , Rats, Wistar
10.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 101(5): 1073-1076, 2019 11.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31549617

Primary rib cage tuberculosis (TB) is an infrequent form of presentation and represents 1% of all cases of osteoarticular TB. We report three cases of children who were previously healthy and who began with swelling of the anterior surface of the rib as initial manifestation of TB. The most important clinical presentations in this series were swelling and pain, with lytic lesions and a soft tissue mass in image studies simulating oncologic pathologies. Because none of the cases had positive epidemiological contact, TB was initially not considered, so the delay in diagnosis from the onset of symptoms was 4, 1, and 2 months, respectively. The diagnosis was made through histomorphological analyses. Treatment was administered during 12, 10, and 9 months. Posttreatment studies did not show any evidence of extrapulmonary TB and until date, the patients remained without relapse or active disease. The findings in our cases illustrate that the diagnosis of chest wall TB should be suspected in all patients from endemic areas who present rib injury.


Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use , Thoracic Wall/pathology , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/diagnosis , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/pathology , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular/drug therapy
11.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 132: 230-235, 2019 Jul 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30928372

The aim was to determine the effect of zinc (Zn) and insulin on oxidative stress and levels of dopamine in brain of rats. Wistar rats were treated either with zinc alone or combined with insulin during 10 days. After the last dose blood glucose was measured. Their brains were extracted to measure H2O2, Ca+2, Mg+2 ATPase, glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (Tbars) and Dopamine. Zn does not possess anti-glycemic effect like Insulin however, it is noticeable that the combination of Insulin plus Zn induces a major glucose reduction (p < 0.0001) than Insulin alone. In cerebellum/medulla oblongata, the groups treated with Insulin and Zn show a significantly increase in dopamine (p < 0.005). Insulin plus Zn reduced GSH level in cortex. Insulin plus Zn reduced level of H2O2 in Striatum and in cerebellum/medulla oblongata. Lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by the administration of Insulin as in the combination of Insulin and Zn in all regions (p < 0.0001). In cerebellum medulla oblongata, ATPase activity showed an increase only in the group treated with Insulin + Zn. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the use of insulin plus Zn produce favorable changes on oxidative stress and this as consequence on the levels of dopamine.


Brain/drug effects , Brain/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Insulin/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Zinc/pharmacology , Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Interactions , Glucose/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/metabolism
12.
Nutr Cancer ; 71(1): 13-20, 2019.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30663392

During the early life, the diet of infants is mainly dominated by milk. Milk is a natural food rich in trace elements focus on essential elements. These elements are very necessary for human metabolism and since they cannot be synthesized by the body, the only source available for the humans to obtain them is by ingestion of natural food. This mini-review aims at updating the knowledge on trace elements, outlining their natural food sources, and their possible implications in common clinical disorders in early and adult life. However, it was found that consumption of food with micronutrients and trace elements may release intracellular compounds and offer oxidative protection or exacerbate oxidative damage to metabolically compromised cells.


Oxidative Stress , Trace Elements/metabolism , Animals , Copper/metabolism , Humans , Iron/metabolism , Micronutrients/administration & dosage , Trace Elements/administration & dosage , Trace Elements/pharmacology , Zinc/metabolism
13.
PLoS One ; 14(1): e0210391, 2019.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30640937

Dexmedetomidine is an imidazole derivative, with high affinity for α2 adrenergic receptors, used for sedation, analgesia and adjuvant anaesthesia. In this study, an analytical method for the quantification of dexmedetomidine in dried blood spots was developed, validated and applied. The drug was extracted from dried blood spot by liquid extraction; the separation was carried out by ultra high-resolution liquid chromatography in reverse phase coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method. An X Select cyano 5 µm HSS column (2.1 X 150 mm, Waters) and a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile [50:50 v/v], were used. The test was linear over the concentration range of 50 to 2000 pg/mL. The coefficients of variation for the intra and interday trials were less than 15%. The drug was stable under the conditions tested. The method was successfully applied for the quantification of 6 patients, aged 0 to 2 years, with classification ASA I, who underwent ambulatory surgeries, receiving a dose of 1 µg/Kg dexmedetomidine IV. The drug concentrations in the different sampling times were in the range of 76 to 868 pg/mL.


Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/blood , Dexmedetomidine/blood , Dried Blood Spot Testing/methods , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage , Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/standards , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/administration & dosage , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/blood , Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/standards , Child, Preschool , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Dexmedetomidine/administration & dosage , Dexmedetomidine/standards , Dried Blood Spot Testing/standards , Dried Blood Spot Testing/statistics & numerical data , Hematocrit , Humans , Hypnotics and Sedatives/administration & dosage , Hypnotics and Sedatives/blood , Hypnotics and Sedatives/standards , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Reference Standards , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
14.
Nutr Hosp ; 35(1): 194-200, 2018 Feb 13.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29565169

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of splenda and stevia on dopamine and 5-HIAA levels, and some biomarkers of oxidative stress in the presence of cytarabine. METHODS: Forty-eight young male Wistar rats each with a weight of 80 g (four weeks of age), distributed in six groups of eight animals each, were treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9% vehicle); group 2, cytarabine (0.6 g/kg); group 3, stevia (0.6 g/kg); group 4, cytarabine + stevia; group 5, splenda; and group 6, cytarabine + splenda. Cytarabine was given intravenously (IV) while stevia and splenda were administered orally for five days, using orogastric tube. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and glucose levels in blood were measured. The brains were dissected for histological analysis and homogenated to measure levels of dopamine, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA), Na+, K+ ATPase activity, and glutathione (GSH), using validated methods. RESULTS: Sweeteners increased the glucose in animals that received cytarabine. Dopamine increased in cortex and decreased in striatum of animals that received stevia alone and combined with cytarabine. 5-HIAA decreased in striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received sweeteners and cytarabine alone or combined. GSH increased in animals that received sweeteners and decreased with cytarabine. Lipoperoxidation decreased in groups that received sweeteners and cytarabine. Histopathological changes revealed marked degeneration of neuronal cells in animals treated with cytarabine. CONCLUSION: These results show that sweeteners as stevia or splenda may lead to the onset of unfavorable changes in dopamine and 5-HIAA. Antioxidant effects may be involved. Besides, histological changes revealed marked lesions of neuronal cells in experimental animals treated with cytarabine.


Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology , Brain Chemistry/drug effects , Brain/anatomy & histology , Brain/drug effects , Cytarabine/pharmacology , Sweetening Agents/pharmacology , Animals , Dopamine/metabolism , Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid/metabolism , Male , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Stevia , Sucrose/analogs & derivatives
15.
Nutr. hosp ; 35(1): 194-200, ene.-feb. 2018. graf, ilus
Article En | IBECS | ID: ibc-172108

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of splenda and stevia on dopamine and 5-HIAA levels, and some biomarkers of oxidative stress in the presence of cytarabine. Methods: Forty-eight young male Wistar rats each with a weight of 80 g (four weeks of age), distributed in six groups of eight animals each, were treated as follows: group 1, control (NaCl 0.9% vehicle); group 2, cytarabine (0.6 g/kg); group 3, stevia (0.6 g/kg); group 4, cytarabine + stevia; group 5, splenda; and group 6, cytarabine + splenda. Cytarabine was given intravenously (IV) while stevia and splenda were administered orally for five days, using orogastric tube. At the end of treatment, the animals were sacrificed and glucose levels in blood were measured. The brains were dissected for histological analysis and homogenated to measure levels of dopamine, lipid peroxidation (TBARS), serotonin metabolite (5-HIAA), Na+, K+ ATPase activity, and glutathione (GSH), using validated methods. Results: Sweeteners increased the glucose in animals that received cytarabine. Dopamine increased in cortex and decreased in striatum of animals that received stevia alone and combined with cytarabine. 5-HIAA decreased in striatum and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of animals that received sweeteners and cytarabine alone or combined. GSH increased in animals that received sweeteners and decreased with cytarabine. Lipoperoxidation decreased in groups that received sweeteners and cytarabine. Histopathological changes revealed marked degeneration of neuronal cells in animals treated with cytarabine. Conclusion: These results show that sweeteners as stevia or splenda may lead to the onset of unfavorable changes in dopamine and 5-HIAA. Antioxidant effects may be involved. Besides, histological changes revealed marked lesions of neuronal cells in experimental animals treated with cytarabine (AU)


Objetivo: el objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de edulcorantes (splenda y stevia) sobre los niveles de dopamina, acido 5-hidroxiindolacetico (HIAA) y algunos biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en presencia de citarabina. Métodos: cuarenta y ocho ratas Wistar machos con un peso aproximado de 80 g (cuatro semanas de edad), distribuidas en seis grupos de ocho animales cada uno, fueron tratados como sigue: grupo 1, control (NaCl 0,9% vehículo); grupo 2, citarabina (0,6 g/kg); grupo 3, stevia (0,6 g/kg); grupo 4, citarabina + stevia; grupo 5, splenda; y el grupo 6, citarabina + splenda. La citarabina fue administrada por vía intravenosa y la stevia y la splenda, por vía oral durante cinco días, utilizando una sonda orogastrica. Al final del tratamiento, los animales fueron sacrificados y se midieron los niveles de glucosa en sangre. Los cerebros fueron disecados para su análisis histológico y homogenizados para medir los niveles de dopamina, peroxidacion lipidica (TBARS), metabolito de la serotonina (5-HIAA), actividad de la Na+, K+ ATPasa y glutatión (GSH), usando métodos validados. Resultados: los edulcorantes aumentaron la glucosa en los animales que recibieron citarabina. La dopamina aumento en la corteza y disminuyo en el estriado de los animales que recibieron stevia sola y combinada con citarabina. La 5-HIAA disminuyo en el estriado y el cerebelo/ medula oblongata de animales que recibieron edulcorantes y citarabina sola o combinada. El GSH se incrementó en los animales que recibieron edulcorantes. La lipoperoxidacion disminuyo en los grupos que recibieron edulcorantes y citarabina. Estudios histopatológicos revelaron una degeneración neuronal importante en animales tratados con citarabina. Conclusión: los resultados muestran que los edulcorantes como stevia o splenda pueden conducir a la aparición de cambios desfavorables en los niveles de dopamina y 5-HIAA. Los cambios histológicos revelaron, además, lesiones marcadas de células neuronales en animales tratados con citarabina (AU)


Animals , Rats , Cerebrum , Cytarabine/pharmacokinetics , Sweetening Agents/pharmacokinetics , Drug Interactions , Disease Models, Animal , Dopamine , Receptors, Dopamine , Lipid Peroxidation , Blood Glucose , Oxidative Stress , Neurons
16.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 96(50): e9200, 2017 Dec.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29390337

BACKGROUND: Toxic optic neuropathies are alterations of the optic nerve and can be caused by environmental, pharmacological, or nutritional agents. CASE: It is about a 7-year-old male patient, a native of the State of Mexico, Mexico who was diagnosed with cervical mycobacterial lymphadenitis that required management with linezolid. OBSERVATIONS: After 7 months of treatment, visual acuity of the left eye decreased and was accompanied by headache. Neuroinfection and other central nervous system affections were discarded. An adverse effect related to treatment with linezolid was suspected, and linezolid was suspended. The symptoms subsided after discontinuation; however, the patient continued to show decreased visual acuity of the left eye, assessed by his ability to count 2 fingers. The right eye remained unaffected. CONCLUSIONS: Neurotoxicity can be decreased by reducing the total dose of linezolid or by administrating it in an intermittent form. To avoid progression and loss of vision, we suggest frequent periodic ophthalmological evaluation in patients treated with linezolid.


Anti-Bacterial Agents/adverse effects , Linezolid/adverse effects , Lymphadenitis/drug therapy , Lymphadenitis/microbiology , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/drug therapy , Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous/microbiology , Optic Nerve Diseases/chemically induced , Child , Humans , Male , Nontuberculous Mycobacteria , Visual Acuity
17.
Acta Pharm ; 66(3): 443-8, 2016 Sep 01.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27383892

The study tested the hypothesis that cerebrolysin protects the brain from free radicals in rats treated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA). To address this hypothesis, the levels of dopamine (DA) and some oxidative stress biomarkers were measured after administration of 3-NPA. Young male Fischer rats were treated for three days with cerebrolysin, 3-NPA or both substances. Their brains were extracted, and DA, lipid peroxidation (LP), glutathione (GSH), calcium, and H2O2 were measured using validated methods. In the cortex, hemispheres and cerebellum/medulla oblongata of the group treated with cerebrolysin and 3-NPA, the levels of DA and LP decreased. In addition, calcium and H2O2 levels decreased in the hemispheres of the same group, while GSH increased in cortex. The increased dopamine metabolism due to the administration of cerebrolysin led to increased formation of radical species and oxidative stress, especially when free radicals were generated by 3-NPA.


Amino Acids/therapeutic use , Antioxidants/therapeutic use , Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects , Neurodegenerative Diseases/prevention & control , Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/prevention & control , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Amino Acids/adverse effects , Animals , Antioxidants/adverse effects , Calcium/metabolism , Cerebellar Cortex/drug effects , Cerebellar Cortex/metabolism , Cerebellum/drug effects , Cerebellum/metabolism , Cerebrum/drug effects , Cerebrum/metabolism , Convulsants/adverse effects , Dopamine/metabolism , Dopaminergic Neurons/metabolism , Glutathione/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Male , Medulla Oblongata/drug effects , Medulla Oblongata/metabolism , Neurodegenerative Diseases/chemically induced , Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents/adverse effects , Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism , Nitro Compounds/adverse effects , Propionates/adverse effects , Rats, Inbred F344
18.
Saudi Pharm J ; 24(2): 213-9, 2016 Mar.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27013914

BACKGROUND: The knowledge about the pattern of prescription and consumption of solid oral drugs dispensed as unitary doses (UD) in Mexico is sparing. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of prescription and consumption of solid oral drugs dispensed as unitary doses (UD) in a third level private hospital of Mexico. A retrospective study of a 60-month period (from 2007 to 2011) was carried out to know the pattern of drugs dispensed as UD in a third level hospital. RESULTS: Among the principal drugs consumed were analgesic, antihypertensive, antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiepileptic, and diuretics. The dispensation of drugs per year was as follows: 181 drugs with 85,167 UD in 2007; 199 with 90,519 UD in 2008; 193 with 101,479 UD in 2009; 195 with 100,798 UD in 2010; and 198 with 103,913 UD in 2011. CONCLUSION: The findings confirmed that prescription and consumption of unitary doses in the hospitalization service increased, and revealed the extensive use of analgesics as the principal prescribed drug in this kind of hospital.

19.
Biomed Pharmacother ; 78: 210-215, 2016 Mar.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26898444

UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to compare the effects of catechin (CAT), epicatechin (EPI) and N-ω-l-nitroarginine (L-NARG) on different endpoints of oxidative stress induced by quinolinic acid (QUIN) in a simple tissue preparation, rat striatal slices - with particular emphasis in the glutathione system - in order to provide revealing information on the antioxidant efficacy of these agents in an excitotoxic model. METHODS: Rat striatal slices were incubated for 1h in the presence of 100 µM QUIN and/or 85 µM CAT or EPI, or 100 µM L-NARG. Lipid peroxidation (LP) and the levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH and GSSG) were determined. RESULTS: The three agents tested completely blocked the QUIN-induced lipid peroxidation and recovered the QUIN-induced altered GSH/GSSG balance. No statistical differences were detected among the protective effects exerted by these antioxidants, suggesting similar efficacy and common antioxidant mechanisms. The antioxidant properties exhibited by these molecules on the excitotoxic model tested herein support an active role of glutathione and prompt their use as therapeutic tools in models of neurodegenerative disorders.


Catechin/pharmacology , Corpus Striatum/pathology , Nitroarginine/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Quinolinic Acid/toxicity , Animals , Glutathione Disulfide/metabolism , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Lipids/chemistry , Male , Rats, Wistar
20.
Oxid Med Cell Longev ; 2016: 9730467, 2016.
Article En | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26770661

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is produced in the substantia nigra, ventral tegmental area, and hypothalamus of the brain. Dysfunction of the dopamine system has been implicated in different nervous system diseases. The level of dopamine transmission increases in response to any type of reward and by a large number of strongly additive drugs. The role of dopamine dysfunction as a consequence of oxidative stress is involved in health and disease. Introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present review focuses on the therapeutic potential of antioxidant compounds as a coadjuvant treatment to conventional neurological disorders is discussed.


Dopamine/metabolism , Oxidative Stress , Animals , Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology , Dopamine/chemistry , Endocrine System/drug effects , Endocrine System/metabolism , Humans , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Receptors, Dopamine/metabolism
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