Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Organ Donation Among Tunisian Adults: Results of a National Survey.

OBJECTIVES: Attitudes and knowledge toward organ donation can influence a person's willingness to donate. The aim of this study was to assess attitudes and knowledge regarding organ donation among Tunisian adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a crosssectional survey at the national level from January 23 to February 15, 2017, among 1026 Tunisian adults. We used a standardized questionnaire to collect data by phone call. We performed statistical analyses with Stata software (version 11). RESULTS: The study included 495 male and 531 female participants. Forty-one percent of participants were 18 to 30 years old. In total, 81.7% had heard about organ donation. Fewer than half of respondents (47.8%) were aware that organ donation is regulated. In total, 80.7% accepted to donate their organs after death, and 32.2% had mentioned their opinion to relatives or friends. Only 1% had added their donor status on their national identity cards. CONCLUSIONS: Tunisian adults seem to have positive attitudes regarding organ donation. However, the proportion of respondents who included their donor status on their national identity cards was low. It is important to enhance information and education on organ donation in an effort to mitigate the shortage of organs.

[Traumatic perilymphatic fistulae : about 13 cases]. / Fistules péri lymphatiques post traumatiques : a propos 13 cas.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic peri-lymphatic fistulas have been described following ear and temporal bone injury, particularly in the setting of temporal bone fractures. The symptoms and signs of perilymphatic fistulae (PLF) are very varied and frequently misleading. The diagnosis can be suspected on the bases of the clinical and the audiometrial findings. Indications for exploratory surgery in cases of trauma are vague and not well described. AIM: To assess the principal clinical and radiologic signs of PLF. METHOD: Study of 13 patients with different symptoms of posttraumatic peri-lymphatic fistulae. RESULTS: Ten patients had vertigo, and 2 presented otoliquorreha. Two patients had tympanic perforation. Nine patients presented neurosensorinal hearing loss and 5 were completely deaf. A CT Scann was realized in 12 cases and showed the fracture in 10 cases (91%) with a pneumolabyrinth in 4 cases. Medical and postural treatment was indicated for all the patients then a surgery was indicated in all of them in an average wait of 4 months realizing an ear exclusion in one case and a filling-up for 12 patients. Vertigo improved in 10 cases and the hearing loss in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic of perilymphatic fistulae is not easy. The trauma and the clinical signs can help but the confirmation is surgical. The indication of surgery and its timing are still discussed.

[Descending necrotizing mediastinitis of odontogenic origin]. / Médiastinite nécrosante descendante odontogénique.

BACKGROUND: Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) following an oropharyngeal infection is a rare disease with a rapid course and a mortality rate of up to 40%. The aim of this study, is to outline the diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of DNM. METHODS: A retrospective study (1986-2007) of patients with DNM was made. Only patients with cervical cellulitis associated with DNM were included. RESULTS: Eight men and two women with an average age of 43 years were treated. Five had diabetes. The average for diagnosis and treatment was eight days. In eight cases, we found a dental origin and in two cases a pharyngeal origin. The diagnosis of DNM was made thanks to cervico thoracic CT scan in six cases. In the others patients, they had at presentation clinical and radiological evidence of mediastinal diffusion. All patients were treated by broad spectrum antibiotherapy. All had cervical drainage. Mediastinal drainage was made by cervical approach in 2 two cases and via a right thoracotomy in eight cases. Eight patients died. CONCLUSION: Odontogenic DNM is a rare disease with rapid course. Clinical diagnosis is difficult and early recognition with a low thresold for CT scanning is essential. CT is also useful for the treatment and in the post operative assessment. All affected tissue plane must be debrided. Surgical management and mediastinal drainage remain controversial about the indication of thoracotomy.