IgG Stimulates the Formation of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Modifies Their Structure.

We studied the neutrophils and monocytes obtained from 37 patients with various inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis, acute infectious process in the abdominal cavity (acute appendicitis/abscess of the abdominal cavity, and acute cholecystitis), acute pancreatitis, and post-COVID syndrome after mild COVID infection. The number and the morphological structure of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET) as well as the effect of IgG on NET were examined. NET were visualized and counted by fluorescence microscopy with fluorescent dye SYBR Green. All the studied types of inflammation were accompanied by spontaneous formation of NET. After application of IgG, the number of NET doubled, their size increased, and transformation of net-like traps into the cloud forms was observed. The clouds form structure of the network is not capable of capturing pathogens with subsequent retraction, the products of its enzymatic degradation can be the factors of secondary alteration. The study results demonstrate a previously unknown mechanism of infection resistance.

Endogenous Regulators of the Immune System (sCD100, Malonic Dialdehyde, and Arginase).

Tissue damage in various diseases, hypoxic conditions, and some pathologies are associated with production of endogenous factors such as the soluble form of the surface receptor CD100, malonic dialdehyde, and arginase and their release into circulation. These factors modulate functional state of lymphocytes in the immune system: potentiate activation of B lymphocytes, activate synthesis and secretion of IL-25 and IL-17 cytokines, and suppress proliferative activity of T lymphocytes, thus modulating immunological reactivity of the organism. Reactions of innate and adaptive immunity develop against the background of changed immunological reactivity, which should be taken into account in the development of pathogenetically substantiated therapy.

[Lymphocyte apoptosis enhancement by the synthetic peptide E in experimental ulcer].

The influence of regulatory peptide type of AFP on the course of experimental ulcer was investigated. It has been shown that activation of apoptosis enhances local necrotic inflammatory reaction, on the one hand, and enables the development of adhesions with on the other.

[Lymphocyte apoptosis enhancement by the synthetic peptide of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP 14-20) in experimental ulcer].

The influence of regulatory peptide type of AFP on the course of experimental ulcers was investigated. It has been shown that activation of apoptosis by AFP enhance local necrotic inflammatory reaction, on the one hand, and enables the development of adhesions with the other.

[Activation processes in the lymphocytes of patients with latent sensitization].

Latent sensitization is a risk factor of a clinically manifest atopic reaction. Investigation of a phenotypic composition of lymphocytes reveals function of the immune system in this condition. Indirect fluorescence assessed differential and activation lymphocyte antigens (CD4, CD3, CD8, CD16, CD20 and CD25, CD71, HLA-DR, CD95, CD23, CD54, respectively) in 15 patients with latent sensitization, 32 patients with atopic bronchial asthma and 22 healthy donors. The immune system demonstrated definite activation with involvement ofT- and B-links of the immune system. Lymphocyte activation in latent sensitization and bronchial asthma differs by high expression of CD95 apoptosis trigger receptor. Enhancement of Fas-mediated lymphocyte apoptosis may inhibit IgE synthesis and atopic pathology manifestation.

[Mechanisms of immunotropic effect of the drug composition Taban-Arshan (Tibet medicine) on lymphocytes of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis and atopic bronchial asthma].

The extract of the Tibetan medicine Taban-Arshan corrects changes of the immune system in inflammatory diseases--rheumatoid arthritis and atopic bronchial asthma. An immunomodulating effect of the drug consists in its ability to suppress hyperactivation of lymphocytes by normalization of expression of basic activation antigens.

Taban-Arshan: immunocorrector in atopic bronchial asthma.

Taban-Arshan extract decreased expression of T-lymphocyte activation markers, normalized T-cell-mediated immunity, and suppressed increased activity of natural killer receptors during culturing with lymphocytes of patients with atopic bronchial asthma. Taban-Arshan extract normalized activation processes in the B-cell immunity and stimulated expression of receptors of activation-induced apoptosis.

[The dynamic changes in the tissue components of the myocardial layers under compensatory heart hypertrophy in exposure to a peptide hydra morphogen]. / Dinamika izmenenii tkanevykh komponentov sloev miokarda v usloviiakh kompensatornoi gipertrofii serdtsa pri vozdeistvii peptidnogo morfogena gidry.

Morphometric analysis of the left ventricle myocardial layers under heart hypertrophy was carried out. Values of tissue parameters on the 3rd, 10th and 24th days after 50% coarctation of the abdominal aorta were received. Is shown the heart functioning under conditions of myocardial compensatory hypertrophy development is characterized by expressed zones and different directions of changes of quantitative parameters of tissue components. The single injection of HMP (Hydra morphogen peptide) made the development of myocardial hypertrophy easy at early stages, decreasing depth of manifestations morphologic changes and perhaps affected the time of their development.

[Effect of peptide hydra morphogen on the structure of tissue components of rat myocardial layers in the early period of heart hypertrophy development]. / Vliianie peptidnogo morfogena gidry na strukturu tkanevykh komponentov sloev miokarda krysy v rannie sroki razvitiia gipertrofii serdtsa.

The morphological study showed that the single injection of HMP (Hydra Morphogen Peptide) facilitated the development of the myocardium hypertrophy. This effect is expressed in the subendocardial layer most of all, where the normalization of the relative volume and diameter of the cardiomyocytes and the decrease of the connective tissue oedema are noted. These parameters are normalized in the intramural and subepicardial layers in less degree. The decrease of the connective tissue oedema is noted in the intramural layer. The normal correlation recovery between the relative volumes of the cardiomyocytes and the connective tissue is shown in the subepicardial layer, the diameters of the myocytes are essentially increased. The influence of HMP is manifested not only on the muscular and connective tissue components of the myocardium, but touches on also the system of the myocardial wall vessels, causing the redistribution of the intramural blood circulation.

[Effect of low doses of the hydra peptide morphogen on protein biosynthesis in the intact and regenerating rat liver]. / Vliianie nizkikh doz peptidnogo morfogena gidry na biosintez belka v intaktnoi i regeneriruiushchei pecheni krys.

The dependence of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity on hydra peptide morphogen doses has been established. The parameters of protein synthesis were determined in normal and regenerating rat liver, using the peptide in a dose of 20 micrograms/kg body weight, initiating maximum enzyme activity. It was established that intraperitoneal injection of the peptide in partially hepatectomized animals stimulated ODS activity in dose-dependent manner and was dome-shaped. The peptide injection in intact animals does not affect the intensity of 3H-leucine inclusion into the liver protein and the protein content in rat liver. However, the peptide injection in partially hepatectomized animals increased the level of 3H-leucine inclusion into the protein of regenerating liver and stimulated protein accumulation in this type of tissue.

[Modulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in the normal and regenerating rat liver by different doses of hydra peptide morphogen]. / Moduliatsiia aktivnosti ornitindekarboksilazy v normal'noi i regeneriruiushchei pecheni krys razlichnymi dozami peptidnogo morfogena gidry.

The authors studied the anabolic effect of peptide morphogen of the hydra undecapeptide on normal and regenerating rat liver. Ornithine decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.17) activity served as a marker. Intraperitoneal injection of the peptide into intact animals stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity in a dose-dependent manner. In partially hepatectomized rats the peptide stimulated ornithine decarboxylase activity in the dose of 20 micrograms/kg body weight while greater doses inhibited the enzyme activity.