RESUMEN
This research evaluated the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of a hydroethanolic extract from the leaves of Annona coriacea (EHFAC) and caffeic acid (CA). Mice were intraperitoneally treated with saline, EHFAC (1, 10, 20 mg/kg) or CA (0.15 mg/kg) and subject to the elevated plus-maze, open field, rota-rod, forced swimming and reserpine-induced akinesia tests. Pro-convulsant and anticholinergic effects were also evaluated. EHFAC presented anxiolytic-like effect on the elevated plus-maze, which was partially reversed by flumazenil. A similar effect was observed with CA. In the forced swimming test, EHFAC and CA reduced the immobility time of mice; such effect was potentiated when EHFAC or CA were associated with imipramine, bupropion and fluoxetine. The antidepressant-like effect was reinforced as EHFAC partially reversed the reserpine-induced akinesia. In addition, a pre-treatment with EHFAC and CA did not decrease the latency to 1st seizure of animals that received a sub-convulsive dose of PTZ, nor reduced the intensity of oxotremorine-induced tremors. Taken together, the results indicate that EHFAC and CA have anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects, which involve important neurotransmitter systems, such as GABAergic and monoaminergic ones, being devoid of side effects, commonly associated with classical psychotropic drugs.
Asunto(s)
Annona/química , Ansiolíticos/uso terapéutico , Antidepresivos/uso terapéutico , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Cafeicos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Ratones , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to characterize the central effects of the Hyptis martiusii leaf essential oil (OEHM) and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) using behavioral animal models. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to characterize the chemical compounds present in the OEHM. For the behavioral tests, female Swiss mice treated with the OEHM (25, 50, 100 and 200â¯mg/kg, i.p.) and 1,8-cineole (50â¯mg/kg, i.p.) were used and subjected to the following tests: open field, elevated cross maze, rotarod, sodium pentobarbital- or ethyl ether-induced sleep time, pentylenetetrazol-induced convulsions, haloperidol-induced catalepsy, and ketamine-induced hyperkinesia. GC/MS analysis identified 20 constituents with the majority of them being monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, with eucalyptol (1,8-cineol), the major sample compound (25.93%), standing out. The results showed the OEHM (25, 50â¯100 and 200â¯mg/kg, i.p.) and its major compound (50â¯mg/kg, i.p.) reduced animal motility in the open field test, increased pentobarbital- and ethyl ether-induced sleep time, as well as death latency in the pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsion model. However, the tested compounds were devoid of anxiolytic-like and myorelaxant activity. In addition, the OEHM (100 and 200â¯mg/kg, i.p.) and 1,8-cineole (50â¯mg/kg, i.p.) potentiated haloperidol-induced catalepsy and reduced ketamine-induced hyperkinesia. Taken together, the results suggest the OEHM has important hypnotic-sedative and antipsychotic-like effects, which appear to be due to the monoterpene 1,8-cineole, the major compound identified in the essential oil.