[Impact of the method choice and the extent of correction on the development of visual evoked potentials in children and adolescents with refractive anomalies].

The article discusses a possible impact of different refraction correction methods, providing full or partial correction, on visual acuity and the development of visual evoked potentials in children and adolescents with myopia and myopic astigmatism. The accuracy of identification of visual evoked potentials depends, as shown in the article, on the extent of the correction chosen and the method used. In childhood the visual system is very susceptible to visual afferent deficit. The permanent deficit of visual information impedes further maturation of the visual analyzer, i.e. the development of central vision, binocular vision, and stereopsis. In high myopia it is important to decide not only on the extent of the correction but also on the method to use. In patients wearing soft contact lenses the visual evoked potentials have more regular shape, amplitude, and latency. The introduction of silicone hydrogel and daily disposal contact lenses, spherical and toric (for astigmatism correction), provided an opportunity to solve hygienic problems associated with contact lens use in children and adolescents and to decrease the risk of hypoxia complications.

[A case of rod monochromasia].

A case of rare genetic disease rod monochromasia which is often called total congenital cone dysfunction (syn. congenital cone dystrophy, congenital achromatopsia) is presented. Symptoms and signs of the disease are described in details and methods for improvement of patient's condition are indicated.

[A case of diagnosis of gyrate atrophy in infancy].

The authors describe a case of gyrate atrophy detected in a one-month baby born at 34 weeks post-conception age. Up to 2 months of life, the disease progressed--an increase in the number of foci of atrophy of the choriod and retinal pigment epithelium, there was a trend towards their fusion. The condition stabilized after the use of vitamin B6.

[Impact of alternative eye photostimulation technique on visually evoked potentials in children with amblyopia].

Before and after alternative eye photostimulation (AEPS), the pattern of visually evoked potentials (VEP) was studied in children with amblyopia. It can be said that there is a persistent abnormality in the binocular visual system as asymmetry of the latency and amplitude of peak P100 of VEP to the 7'-sized structured pattern. Pathogenetically oriented AEPS rearranged the functional state of the binocular system, by differently affecting monocular canals. Along with the increased visual acuity of the amblyopic eye, there is recovery of interocular symmetry of the parameters of the latency and amplitude of peak P100 to the 7'-sized pattern, with the delayed binocular latency to this pattern and the binocular system becomes more equilibrium.

[Electrophysiological methods for examining preterm children and diagnosis of retinopathy of prematurity]. / Elektrofiziologicheskie metody issledovaniia v obsledovanii nedonoshennykh detei i diagnostike retinopatii nedonoshennykh.

The first stage of the study was devoted to registration of visual evoked potentials (VEP) in 14 full-term and 27 preterm children without signs of neonatal retinopathy (NR) at the age of 6-7 months. The authors conclude that VEP in preterm children without signs of NR, born at different terms of gestation, reach the values of full-term children by the age of 6 months. These data should be taken account of when examining preterm babies for timely diagnosis of pathological changes in the visual analyzer and treatment. The second stage of the study was developed to registration of VEP and electroretinogram (ERG) in 36 children aged 4-12 years with cicatricial forms of NR. Changes in the central compartments of the retina were responsible for low visual functions in children with the cicatricial stages of NR. This abnormality is caused by displacement of the macular zone, impairment of its electrogenesis and topographic anatomic relationships. Examination of the marginal retinal periphery (superior external quadrant) once a year is obligatory for patients with cicatricial stages of NR in order to timely detect inapparent local fixed detachments or prevent them by timely prophylactic laser coagulation of the retina.