Microplastics, an invisible threat, are emerging as serious pollutants that continuously affect health by interrupting/contaminating the human cycle, mainly involving food, water, and air. Such serious scenarios raised the demand for developing efficient sensing systems to detect them at an early stage efficiently and selectively. In this direction, the proposed research reports an electrochemical hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) sensing utilizing a sensing platform fabricated using chitosan-magnesium oxide nanosheets (CHIT-MgO NS) nanocomposite. HMT is considered as a hazardous microplastic, which is used as an additive in plastic manufacturers and has been selected as a target analyte. To fabricate sensing electrodes, a facile co-precipitation technique was employed to synthesize MgO NS, which was further mixed with 1% CHIT solution to form a CHIT_MgO NS composite. Such prepared nanocomposite solution was then drop casted to an indium tin oxide (ITO) to fabricate CHIT_MgO NS/ITO sensing electrode to detect HMT electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. To determine the limit of detection (LOD) and sensitivity, DPV was performed. The resulting calibrated curve for HMT, ranging from 0.5 µM to 4.0 µM, exhibited a sensitivity of 12.908 µA (µM)-1 cm-2 with a detection limit of 0.03 µM and a limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.10 µM. Further, the CHIT_MgO NS/ITO modified electrode was applied to analyze HMT in various real samples, including river water, drain water, packaged water, and tertiary processed food. The results demonstrated the method's high sensitivity and suggested its potential applications in the field of microplastic surveillance, with a focus on health management.
Hazardous heavy metal (HM) pollution constitutes a pervasive global challenge, posing substantial risks to ecosystems and human health. The exigency for expeditious detection, meticulous monitoring, and efficacious remediation of HM within ecosystems is indisputable. Soil contamination, stemming from a myriad of anthropogenic activities, emerges as a principal conduit for HM ingress into the food chain. Traditional soil remediation modalities for HM elimination, while effective are labor-intensive, susceptible to secondary contamination, and exhibit limited efficacy in regions characterized by low metal toxicity. In response to these exigencies, the eco-friendly paradigm of bioremediation has garnered prominence as a financially judicious and sustainable remedial strategy. This approach entails the utilization of hyperaccumulators, Genetically Modified Microorganisms (GMM), and advantageous microbes. The current review offers a comprehensive elucidation of cutting-edge phyto/microbe-based bioremediation techniques, with a specific emphasis on their amalgamation with nanotechnology. Accentuating their pivotal role in advancing sustainable agricultural practices, the review meticulously dissects the synergistic interplay between plants and microbes, underscoring their adeptness in HM remediation sans secondary contamination. Moreover, the review scrutinizes the challenges intrinsic to implementing bioremediation-nanotechnology interface techniques and propounds innovative resolutions. These discernments proffer auspicious trajectories for the future of agriculture. Through the environmentally conscientious marvels of phyto/microbe bioremediation, an optimistic outlook emerges for environmental preservation and the cultivation of a sustainable, salubrious planet via the conduit of cleaner agricultural production.
ABSTRACT: Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) training has been recognized as an effective modality for improving body composition, enhancing body strength, and facilitating injury recovery. However, individuals who are new to EMS training and those with certain chronic diseases should exercise caution due to the increased risk of rhabdomyolysis. This case report describes the occurrence of rhabdomyolysis and gluteal compartment syndrome following a single session of EMS training in a 46-year-old Caucasian female professional athlete. The patient was successfully managed with intensive intravenous fluid therapy and sodium bicarbonate supplementation, along with close monitoring of electrolytes and renal function. Electrical muscle stimulation training poses an increased risk of severe complications in individuals with chronic diseases and myopathy. Therefore, careful subject selection is required for EMS training in individuals with chronic diseases and myopathy to prevent common side effects. For individuals trying EMS training for the first time, it is recommended to avoid high-frequency EMS exercises.
The urgent need to address the global energy and environmental crisis necessitates the development of efficient solar-power harvesting systems. Among the promising candidates, hierarchical inorganic nanostructures stand out due to their exceptional attributes, including a high specific surface area, abundant active sites, and tunable optoelectronic properties. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the fundamental principles underlying various solar energy harvesting technologies, including dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), photocatalytic, photoelectrocatalytic (water splitting), and photothermal (water purification) systems, providing a foundational understanding of their operation. Thereafter, the discussion is focused on recent advancements in the synthesis, design, and development of hierarchical nanostructures composed of diverse inorganic material combinations, tailored for each of these solar energy harvesting systems. We meticulously elaborate on the distinct synthesis methods and conditions employed to fine-tune the morphological features of these hierarchical nanostructures. Furthermore, this review offers profound insights into critical aspects such as electron transfer mechanisms, band gap engineering, the creation of hetero-hybrid structures to optimize interface chemistry through diverse synthesis approaches, and precise adjustments of structural features. Beyond elucidating the scientific fundamentals, this review explores the large-scale applications of the aforementioned solar harvesting systems. Additionally, it addresses the existing challenges and outlines the prospects for achieving heightened solar-energy conversion efficiency.
Uncontrolled waste generation and management difficulties are causing chaos in the ecosystem. Although it is vital to ease environmental pressures, right now there is no such practical strategy available for the treatment or utilisation of waste material. Because the Earth's resources are limited, a long-term, sustainable, and sensible solution is necessary. Currently waste material has drawn a lot of attention as a renewable resource. Utilisation of residual biomass leftovers appears as a green and sustainable approach to lessen the waste burden on Earth while meeting the demand for bio-based goods. Several biopolymers are available from renewable waste sources that have the potential to be used in a variety of industries for a wide range of applications. Natural and synthetic biopolymers have significant advantages over petroleum-based polymers in terms of cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and user-friendliness. Using waste as a raw material through industrial symbiosis should be taken into account as one of the strategies to achieve more economic and environmental value through inter-firm collaboration on the path to a near-zero waste society. This review extensively explores the different biopolymers which can be extracted from several waste material sources and that further have potential applications in food packaging industries to enhance the shelf life of perishables. This review-based study also provides key insights into the different strategies and techniques that have been developed recently to extract biopolymers from different waste byproducts and their feasibility in practical applications for the food packaging business.
Ecosystem , Nanocomposites , Symbiosis , Biopolymers , Food Packaging , Industrial Waste
Early-stage uric acid (UA) abnormality detection is crucial for a healthy human. With the evolution of nanoscience, metal oxide nanostructure-based sensors have become a potential candidate for health monitoring due to their low-cost, easy-to-handle, and portability. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of puffy balls-like cobalt oxide nanostructure using a hydrothermal method and utilize them to modify the working electrode for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor fabrication. The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor was utilized for UA determination using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The puffy balls-shaped cobalt oxide nanostructure-modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode exhibited excellent electro-catalytic activity during UA detection. Interestingly, when we compared the sensitivity of non-enzymatic electrochemical UA sensors, the DPV technique resulted in high sensitivity (2158 µA/mM.cm2) compared to the CV technique (sensitivity = 307 µA/mM.cm2). The developed non-enzymatic electrochemical UA sensor showed good selectivity, stability, reproducibility, and applicability in the human serum. Moreover, this study indicates that the puffy balls-shaped cobalt oxide nanostructure can be utilized as electrode material for designing (bio)sensors to detect a specific analyte.
Nanostructures , Uric Acid , Humans , Reproducibility of Results , Oxides/chemistry , Electrodes , Electrochemical Techniques/methods
Transition metal oxide (TMO)-based nanomaterials are effectively utilized to fabricate clinically useful ultra-sensitive sensors. Different nanostructured nanomaterials of TMO have attracted a lot of interest from researchers for diverse applications. Herein, we utilized a hydrothermal method to develop porous nanosheets of cobalt oxide. This synthesis method is simple and low temperature-based. The morphology of the porous nanosheets like cobalt oxide was investigated in detail using FESEM and TEM. The morphological investigation confirmed the successful formation of the porous nanosheet-like nanostructure. The crystal characteristic of porous cobalt oxide nanosheets was evaluated by XRD analysis, which confirmed the crystallinity of as-synthesized cobalt oxide nanosheets. The uric acid sensor fabrication involves the fixing of porous cobalt oxide nanosheets onto the GCE (glassy carbon electrode). The non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing was measured using CV and DPV analysis. The application of DPV technique during electrochemical testing for uric acid resulted in ultra-high sensitivity (3566.5 µAmM-1cm-2), which is ~7.58 times better than CV-based sensitivity (470.4 µAmM-1cm-2). Additionally, uric acid sensors were tested for their selectivity and storage ability. The applicability of the uric acid sensors was tested in the serum sample through standard addition and recovery of known uric acid concentration. This ultrasensitive nature of porous cobalt oxide nanosheets could be utilized to realize the sensing of other biomolecules.
Nanostructures , Uric Acid , Porosity , Oxides/chemistry , Nanostructures/chemistry , Electrodes , Electrochemical Techniques/methods
The extensive utilization of nanoparticles in cancer therapies has inspired a new field of study called cancer nanomedicine. In contrast to traditional anticancer medications, nanomedicines offer a targeted strategy that eliminates side effects and has high efficacy. With its vast surface area, variable pore size, high pore volume, abundant surface chemistry and specific binding affinity, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MPSNPs) are a potential candidate for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, there are several bottlenecks associated with nanoparticles, including specific toxicity or affinity towards particular body fluid, which can cater by architecting core-shell nanosystems. The core-shell chemistries, synergistic effects, and interfacial heterojunctions in core-shell nanosystems enhance their stability, catalytic and physicochemical attributes, which possess high performance in cancer therapeutics. This review article summarizes research and development dedicated to engineering mesoporous core-shell nanosystems, especially silica nanoparticles and Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles, owing to their unique physicochemical characteristics. Moreover, it highlights state-of-the-art magnetic and optical attributes of Fe3O4@Au and MPSNP-based cancer therapy strategies. It details the designing of Fe3O4@Au and MPSN to bind with drugs, receptors, ligands, and destroy tumour cells and targeted drug delivery. This review serves as a fundamental comprehensive structure to guide future research towards prospects of core-shell nanosystems based on Fe3O4@Au and MPSNP for cancer theranostics.
The continuous deterioration of the environment due to extensive industrialization and urbanization has raised the requirement to devise high-performance environmental remediation technologies. Membrane technologies, primarily based on conventional polymers, are the most commercialized air, water, solid, and radiation-based environmental remediation strategies. Low stability at high temperatures, swelling in organic contaminants, and poor selectivity are the fundamental issues associated with polymeric membranes restricting their scalable viability. Polymer-metal-carbides and nitrides (MXenes) hybrid membranes possess remarkable physicochemical attributes, including strong mechanical endurance, high mechanical flexibility, superior adsorptive behavior, and selective permeability, due to multi-interactions between polymers and MXene's surface functionalities. This review articulates the state-of-the-art MXene-polymer hybrid membranes, emphasizing its fabrication routes, enhanced physicochemical properties, and improved adsorptive behavior. It comprehensively summarizes the utilization of MXene-polymer hybrid membranes for environmental remediation applications, including water purification, desalination, ion-separation, gas separation and detection, containment adsorption, and electromagnetic and nuclear radiation shielding. Furthermore, the review highlights the associated bottlenecks of MXene-Polymer hybrid-membranes and its possible alternate solutions to meet industrial requirements. Discussed are opportunities and prospects related to MXene-polymer membrane to devise intelligent and next-generation environmental remediation strategies with the integration of modern age technologies of internet-of-things, artificial intelligence, machine-learning, 5G-communication and cloud-computing are elucidated.
Artificial Intelligence , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Machine Learning , Polymers
Biofabrication of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using the aromatic essential oils is highlighted due to its simple, economical, low toxicity, and eco-friendly nature. Essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus (CF), an economically valuable medicinal plant, exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. For the first time, this research accounts for the biosynthesis, physicochemical, photocatalytic, antifungal, antibacterial properties of biogenic AuNPs, fabricated using CF essential oil collected from different altitudes (S1-Palampur, S2-Haryana, S3-Dehradun). The altitudinal disparity in the phytochemical composition of essential oils is highlighted. The average crystallite size ranged from 10 to 32 nm and was influenced by CF samples used in the synthesis. The spectroscopic outcomes revealed the involvement of bioactive reagents from CF essential oil in the fabrication and stabilization of AuNPs. The fabricated AuNPs exhibited excellent antimicrobial activities against all tested strains (Staphyloccucs aureus, Escherichia coli, Fusarium oxysporum), showing their efficacy as an antimicrobial agent to treat infectious diseases. Moreover, AuNPs exhibited excellent photocatalytic efficacy of around 91.8% for the degradation of methylene blue under exposure of direct sunlight for 3 h without the assistance of an external reducing agent. The outcomes highlight a potential economic and environmentally friendly strategy to fabricate biogenic AuNPs for diversified industrial applications where antimicrobial and photocatalytic efficacies are the key requirements.
Anti-Infective Agents , Cymbopogon , Metal Nanoparticles , Oils, Volatile , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents , Cymbopogon/chemistry , Escherichia coli , Gold/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Oils, Volatile/chemistry , Phytochemicals
Amid ongoing devastation due to Serve-Acute-Respiratory-Coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2), the global spatial and temporal variation in the pandemic spread has strongly anticipated the requirement of designing area-specific preventive strategies based on geographic and meteorological state-of-affairs. Epidemiological and regression models have strongly projected particulate matter (PM) as leading environmental-risk factor for the COVID-19 outbreak. Understanding the role of secondary environmental-factors like ammonia (NH3) and relative humidity (RH), latency of missing data structuring, monotonous correlation remains obstacles to scheme conclusive outcomes. We mapped hotspots of airborne PM2.5, PM10, NH3, and RH concentrations, and COVID-19 cases and mortalities for January, 2021-July,2021 from combined data of 17 ground-monitoring stations across Delhi. Spearmen and Pearson coefficient correlation show strong association (p-value < 0.001) of COVID-19 cases and mortalities with PM2.5 (r > 0.60) and PM10 (r > 0.40), respectively. Interestingly, the COVID-19 spread shows significant dependence on RH (r > 0.5) and NH3 (r = 0.4), anticipating their potential role in SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. We found systematic lockdown as a successful measure in combatting SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. These outcomes strongly demonstrate regional and temporal differences in COVID-19 severity with environmental-risk factors. The study lays the groundwork for designing and implementing regulatory strategies, and proper urban and transportation planning based on area-specific environmental conditions to control future infectious public health emergencies.
Air Pollutants , Air Pollution , COVID-19 , Air Pollutants/analysis , Air Pollution/analysis , COVID-19/epidemiology , Cities , Communicable Disease Control , Environmental Monitoring , Humans , India/epidemiology , Particulate Matter/analysis , Risk Factors , SARS-CoV-2
Electrochemistry forms the base of large-scale production of various materials, encompassing numerous applications in metallurgical engineering, chemical engineering, electrical engineering, and material science. This field is important for energy harvesting applications, especially supercapacitors (SCs) and photovoltaic (PV) devices. This review examines various electrochemical techniques employed to fabricate and characterize PV devices and SCs. Fabricating these energy harvesting devices is carried out by electrochemical methods, including electroreduction, electrocoagulation, sol-gel process, hydrothermal growth, spray pyrolysis, template-assisted growth, and electrodeposition. The characterization techniques used are cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, photoelectrochemical characterization, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and I-V curve. A study on different recently reported materials is also presented to analyze their performance in various energy harvesting applications regarding their efficiency, fill factor, power density, and energy density. In addition, a comparative study of electrochemical fabrication techniques with others (including physical vapor deposition, mechanical milling, laser ablation, and centrifugal spinning) has been conducted. The various challenges of electrochemistry in PVs and SCs are also highlighted. This review also emphasizes the future perspectives of electrochemistry in energy harvesting applications.
Emergent application of antimicrobial strategies as symptomatic treatment in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and linkage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus2 with microbial infections, has created colossal demand for antimicrobials. For the first time, this communication explore the physicochemical, antifungal, antibacterial, and photocatalytic properties of biogenic magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs), synthesized using essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus's as an efficient multifunctional reducing and stabilizing/capping reagent. It is observed that MgNPs (ranging in size: 8-16 nm) of varying phytochemical compositions (MgS1, MgS2, MgS3) exhibited various useful physicochemical, antimicrobial, and photocatalytic properties. FTIR outcomes highlight the functional biomolecules-assisted reduction of Mg from Mg+ to Mg0. Among all, MgS3-Nps owing to the smallest particle size exhibited superior photocatalytic efficacy (91.2%) for the methylene blue degradation upon direct exposure to the sunlight for 3 h without using any reducing agents. Fabricated MgNPs also exhibited excellent antifungal (against Fusarium oxysporum) and antibacterial (versus Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) efficacies compared to state-of-the-art antimicrobial agents deployed for the treatment of infectious diseases. Based on this investigated greener approach, imperative from economic and environmental viewpoint, such essential oil based-MgNPs can be a potential nanosystem for various industrial applications where photocatalytic, and biomedical attributes are the key requirements.
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Nanoparticles , Oils, Volatile , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Escherichia coli , Humans , Magnesium , Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
The electrocatalytic nitrate conversion of ammonia at ambient conditions provides not only a solution for restoring the imbalance in the global nitrogen cycle but also a sustainable alternative for the Haber-Bosch process. However, large-scale and efficient application of electrocatalytic denitrification has been limited by the lack of active catalysts with a high selectivity of nitrate reduction to N2. In this work, we present a one-step solution processed synthetic strategy at low temperature to prepare carbon-nanobelts-supported uniform Cu and Pd nanoclusters. It is found that Cu catalyzed the formation of carbon nanobelts. The prepared samples were used for the green synthesis of ammonia from nitrate by electrocatalysis. For the nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR), Cu-Pd/C nanobelts show higher activity than Cu/C nanobelts, achieving a high yield of ammonia of 220.8 µg mgcat-1 h-1 with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 62.3% at -0.4 V vs RHE (reversible hydrogen electrode), while for the nitrite reduction reaction (NO2RR), a high FE of 95% at -0.2 V vs RHE can be obtained for Cu/C nanobelts with the yield of ammonia increased with the negative shift of the applied potentials. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that Pd and Cu are responsible for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and NO3RR, respectively.
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) represent the organic and inorganic hybrid porous materials. MOFs are low dense and highly porous materials which in turn provide large surface area that can accumulate and store numerous molecules within the pores. The pore size may also act as a mesh to separate molecules. The porous nature of MOFs is beneficial for altering the intrinsic properties of the materials. Over the past decade, different types of hybrid MOFs have been reported in combination with polymers, carbon materials, metal nanoparticles, metal oxides, and biomolecules for various applications. MOFs have also been used in the fabrication of electronic devices, sensors, energy storage, gas separation, supercapacitors, drug delivery and environmental clean-up. In this review, the unique structural orientation, exceptional properties and recent applications of MOFs have been discussed in the first section along with their porosity, stability and other influencing factors. In addition, various methods and techniques involved in the synthesis and designing of MOFs such as solvothermal, electrochemical, mechanochemical, ultrasonication and microwave methods are highlighted. In order to understand the scientific feasibility of MOFs in developing new products, various strategies have been applied to obtain different dimensional MOFs (0D, 1D, 2D and 3D) and their composite materials are also been conferred. Finally, the future prospects of MOFs, remaining challenges, research gaps and possible solutions that need to be addressed by advanced experimental design, computational models, simulation techniques and theoretical concepts have been deliberated.
Metal-Organic Frameworks , Drug Delivery Systems , Metal-Organic Frameworks/chemistry , Polymers , Porosity
Among gut microbiota-derived metabolites, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is receiving increased attention due to its possible role in the carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). In spite of numerous reports implicating TMAO with CRC, there is a lack of empirical mechanistic evidences to concretize the involvement of TMAO in the carcinogenesis of CRC. Possible mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and protein misfolding by TMAO have been discussed in this review in the light of the latest advancements in the field. This review is an attempt to discuss the probable correlation between TMAO and CRC but this linkage can be concretized only once we get sufficient empirical evidences from the mechanistic studies. We believe, this review will augment the understanding of linking TMAO with CRC and will motivate researchers to move towards mechanistic study for reinforcing the idea of implicating TMAO with CRC causation. KEY POINTS: ⢠TMAO is a gut bacterial metabolite which has been implicated in CRC in recent years. ⢠The valid mechanistic approach of CRC causation by TMAO is unknown. ⢠The article summarizes the possible mechanisms which need to be explored for validation.
Colorectal Neoplasms , Methylamines , Humans , Oxides
The electrochemical biosensors are a class of biosensors which convert biological information such as analyte concentration that is a biological recognition element (biochemical receptor) into current or voltage. Electrochemical biosensors depict propitious diagnostic technology which can detect biomarkers in body fluids such as sweat, blood, feces, or urine. Combinations of suitable immobilization techniques with effective transducers give rise to an efficient biosensor. They have been employed in the food industry, medical sciences, defense, studying plant biology, etc. While sensing complex structures and entities, a large data is obtained, and it becomes difficult to manually interpret all the data. Machine learning helps in interpreting large sensing data. In the case of biosensors, the presence of impurity affects the performance of the sensor and machine learning helps in removing signals obtained from the contaminants to obtain a high sensitivity. In this review, we discuss different types of biosensors along with their applications and the benefits of machine learning. This is followed by a discussion on the challenges, missing gaps in the knowledge, and solutions in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This review aims to serve as a valuable resource for scientists and engineers entering the interdisciplinary field of electrochemical biosensors. Furthermore, this review provides insight into the type of electrochemical biosensors, their applications, the importance of machine learning (ML) in biosensing, and challenges and future outlook.
Biosensing Techniques , Biomarkers , Electrochemical Techniques , Machine Learning
Development of eco-friendly synthetic methods has resulted in the production of biocompatible Ag NPs for applications in medical sector. To overcome the prevailing antibiotic resistance in bacteria, Ag NPs are being extensively researched over the past few years due to their broad spectrum and robust antimicrobial properties. Silver nanoparticles are also being studied widely in advanced anticancer therapy as an alternative anticancer agent to combat cancer in an effective manner. Keeping this backdrop in consideration, this review aims to provide an extensive coverage of the recent progresses in the green synthesis of Ag NPs specifically using plant derived reducing agents such phytochemicals and numerous other biopolymers. Current development in antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs against various pathogens has been deliberated at length. Recent advances in potent anticancer activity of the biogenic Ag NPs against various cancerous cell lines has also been discussed in detail. Mechanistic details of the synthesis of Ag NPs, their anticancer and antimicrobial action has also been highlighted.
Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Phytochemicals/chemistry , Polymers/chemistry , Silver/chemistry
An efficient synthesis of the electrode material with abundant active sites is imperative for obtaining a flexible supercapacitor with excellent electrochemical performance. Herein, a novel flexible Ni@Co-Fe LDH core-shell nanowires supercapacitor negative electrode is synthesized using polycarbonate membrane on a copper substrate via an electrochemical deposition technique. The synthesized battery-type negative electrode exhibits remarkable specific capacitance of 1289 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and excellent cycling stability with 76.66% capacitive retention after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the Ni(OH)2//Ni@Co-Fe LDH nanowires based asymmetric supercapacitor exhibits excellent cycling stability of 90.49% after 1000 cycles with a highest energy density of 68 Wh kg-1 at 0.38 KW kg-1, and a good energy density of 31.8 Wh kg-1 is still attained at a high power density of 6 KW kg-1. For practical demonstration, a white LED of 3.3 V is lit by using two asymmetrical supercapacitor devices connected in series. The device offers a favorable and effective pathway for advanced energy storage.
3D food printing sectors require comprehensive knowledge on viscoelastic and mechanical properties of diverse food materials in order to effectively utilize them in rapid and customized 3D production for supply and manufacturing chains. In this work, we present mechanical and rheological properties of Agar and Konjac based edible gels at different Agar and Konjac weight ratio and discuss their 3D printing performance. Gel samples with higher Konjac content positively contributed to the viscoelastic properties of the gel samples which in return has been found viable for extrusion-based 3D printing. By choosing appropriate printing parameters, different shapes are printed to demonstrate printing resolution. We expect, this study will add potential scope for evaluating and optimizing soft-gel materials for 3D food printing sector.
