BACKGROUND AND AIMS: This study was performed to evaluate the treatment efficacy of endoscopic variceal obturation (EVO) in patients with gastric variceal bleeding (GVB) according to the type of varices. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients who were treated with EVO for bleeding from gastric varices (GVs) were included. Patients with a previous history of endoscopic treatment for GVB and those with accompanying portal vein invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma or other malignancy were excluded. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients with GVB were included. Mean age was 59.4±12.4 years and 72 (79.1%) patients were men. The types of varices were gastroesophageal varices (GOV) type 1 (GOV1), GOV2, and isolated gastric varices type 1 (IGV1) in 30 (33.3%), 35 (38.5%), and 26 (28.6%) patients, respectively. Hemostasis and GV obliteration were achieved in 88 (96.7%) and 81 (89.0%) patients, respectively. Among 81 patients with GV obliteration, GV recurred in 26 (32.1%) patients. The GV recurrence rate was significantly lower in patients with GOV1 than in those with GOV2 (P=0.007), while it was comparable between patients with GOV1 and IGV1 (P=0.111) and between patients with GOV2 and IGV1 (P=0.278). Variceal rebleeding occurred in 11 (13.6%) patients. GVB recurrence rate was significantly higher in patients with GOV2 than in those with GOV1 (P=0.034) and IGV1 (P=0.018), while it was comparable between patients with GOV1 and IGV1 (P=0.623). Mortality rate was comparable among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: EVO was very effective in patients with GVB. GV recurrence and GV rebleeding were significantly lower in patients with GOV1 than in those with GOV2.
Esophageal and Gastric Varices/surgery , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/surgery , Hemostasis, Endoscopic , Adult , Aged , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/complications , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/diagnosis , Esophageal and Gastric Varices/mortality , Female , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/mortality , Hemostasis, Endoscopic/adverse effects , Hemostasis, Endoscopic/mortality , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
Understanding molecular mechanisms for regeneration of hair follicles provides new opportunities for developing treatments for hair loss and other skin disorders. Here we show that fibroblast growth factor 9 (Fgf9), initially secreted by γδ T cells, modulates hair follicle regeneration after wounding the skin of adult mice. Reducing Fgf9 expression decreases this wound-induced hair neogenesis (WIHN). Conversely, overexpression of Fgf9 results in a two- to threefold increase in the number of neogenic hair follicles. We found that Fgf9 from γδ T cells triggers Wnt expression and subsequent Wnt activation in wound fibroblasts. Through a unique feedback mechanism, activated fibroblasts then express Fgf9, thus amplifying Wnt activity throughout the wound dermis during a crucial phase of skin regeneration. Notably, humans lack a robust population of resident dermal γδ T cells, potentially explaining their inability to regenerate hair after wounding. These findings highlight the essential relationship between the immune system and tissue regeneration. The importance of Fgf9 in hair follicle regeneration suggests that it could be used therapeutically in humans.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/metabolism , Fibroblast Growth Factor 9/pharmacology , Hair Follicle/drug effects , T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Wound Healing/drug effects , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Dermis/cytology , Dermis/immunology , Dermis/metabolism , Dermis/physiology , Feedback, Physiological/drug effects , Hair Follicle/growth & development , Humans , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Transgenic , Models, Biological , Regeneration/drug effects , Regeneration/physiology , T-Lymphocytes/physiology , Wnt Proteins/metabolism , Wound Healing/physiology
Acne vulgaris is the most common disease of the pilosebaceous unit. The pathogenesis of this inflammatory disease is complex, involving increased sebum production and perifollicular inflammation. To identify effective agents for factors that induce acne vulgaris, we explored the pharmacological potential of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which has been widely investigated as an anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory agent. In this study, we demonstrated that topical application of EGCG to rabbit auricles reduced the size of the sebaceous glands. When applied to cultured human SZ95 sebocytes, EGCG strongly suppressed cell proliferation and lipogenesis. These actions of EGCG were reproduced in IGF-I-differentiated SZ95 sebocytes. To investigate the anti-inflammatory potential of EGCG, we evaluated pro-inflammatory cytokine synthesis in IGF-I-differentiated SZ95 sebocytes and found that expression of IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8 was decreased. These results provide early evidence that EGCG is an effective candidate for acne therapy whose mechanisms of action in IGF-I-differentiated SZ95 sebocytes include the inhibition of lipogenesis and inflammation.
Acne Vulgaris/drug therapy , Catechin/analogs & derivatives , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/pharmacology , Lipogenesis/drug effects , Sebaceous Glands/cytology , Acne Vulgaris/immunology , Acne Vulgaris/pathology , Administration, Topical , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/immunology , Catechin/pharmacology , Cell Line, Transformed , Cell Proliferation/drug effects , Cytokines/immunology , Cytokines/metabolism , Ear Auricle/cytology , Ear Auricle/drug effects , Female , Humans , Interleukin-1/immunology , Interleukin-1/metabolism , Interleukin-6/immunology , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Interleukin-8/immunology , Interleukin-8/metabolism , Lipogenesis/immunology , Rabbits , Sebaceous Glands/immunology , Sebaceous Glands/metabolism , Sebum/immunology , Sebum/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Signal Transduction/immunology
BACKGROUND: Although skin carcinogenesis has been widely investigated, only limited information is available for epidermal tumors, while even less is known about other skin structures. Alterations in the ß-catenin pathway have been reported in several epidermal tumors, while little is known about in adnexal tumors. This study was performed to assess alterations in the ß-catenin pathway associated with adnexal tumors, and to investigate the mechanisms underlying these alterations. METHODS: ß-Catenin expression in 48 adnexal tumors (trichoepithelioma, trichofolliculoma, pilomatricoma, syringoma, eccrine poroma, spiradenoma, sebaceous hyperplasia and nevus sebaceus) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. The tumors showing intense nuclear reactivity for ß-catenin were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry for ß-catenin degradation complex such as adenomatosis polyposis coli (APC), Axin and glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK-3ß). RESULTS: Intense nuclear immunoreactivity for ß-catenin was observed in pilomatricoma and spiradenoma. Among 12 eccrine spiradenomas, APC was downregulated in 2 (16.7%) cases, and Axin and GSK-3ß were downregulated in 11 (91.7%) and 10 (83.3%) cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first reported analysis of the role of alterations in the ß-catenin pathway in spiradenoma. We suggest that downregulation of Axin and GSK-3ß in the ß-catenin pathway may be an important signaling alteration in the development of spiradenoma.
Adenoma, Sweat Gland/metabolism , Sweat Gland Neoplasms/metabolism , beta Catenin/metabolism , Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/metabolism , Adenoma, Sweat Gland/pathology , Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein/metabolism , Axin Protein , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cell Nucleus/pathology , Down-Regulation , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3/metabolism , Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta , Humans , Repressor Proteins/metabolism , Signal Transduction , Sweat Gland Neoplasms/pathology
A rinomanometria anterior ativa foi considerado o método de escolha para avaliaçäo da permeabilidade nasal em crianças e adolescentes que apresentavam obstruçäo nasal e foram submetidos a algum tipo de cirurgia para sua correçäo. Desta maneira, pode ser realizado, uma comparaçäo objetiva entre os resultados pré e pós-operatórios
Child , Adolescent , Humans , Male , Female , Manometry/instrumentation , Nasal Cavity , Pulmonary Ventilation/physiology , Nasal Obstruction/surgery , Oxymetazoline/pharmacology , Postoperative Period , Respiration/physiology
