RESUMEN
Aging is associated with increased prevalence of skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders, such as sarcopenia and cardiac infarction. In this study, we constructed a compendium of purified ginsenoside compounds from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, which is a traditional Korean medicinal plant used to treat for muscle weakness. Skeletal muscle progenitor cell-based screening identified three compounds that enhance cell viability, of which 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 showed the most robust response. 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 increased viability in myoblasts and cardiomyocytes, but not fibroblasts or disease-related cells. The cellular mechanism was identified as downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27Kip1) via upregulation of Akt1/PKB phosphorylation at serine 473, with the orientation of the 20 carbon epimer being crucially important for biological activity. In zebrafish and mammalian models, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 enhanced muscle cell proliferation and accelerated recovery from degeneration. Thus, we have identified 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 as a p27Kip1 inhibitor that may be developed as a natural therapeutic for muscle degeneration.
Asunto(s)
Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Músculo Esquelético/citología , Infarto del Miocardio/tratamiento farmacológico , Miocardio/citología , Panax/química , Saponinas/química , Células Madre/metabolismo , Adulto , Animales , Supervivencia Celular , Ginsenósidos/química , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/metabolismo , Infarto del Miocardio/patología , Miocardio/metabolismo , Fosforilación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Regeneración , Pez CebraRESUMEN
Twenty-four metabolites, including seven new compounds (1-7), were isolated from the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia. On the basis of combined spectroscopic and chemical analysis, the new compounds were determined to be six flavonoids (1-6) and a meroterpenoid (7). The absolute configurations of the natural products obtained, including the previously undetermined 16 and 17, were assigned by several methods, such as NOE spectroscopy, optical rotation, and CD spectroscopy. Several of these compounds exhibited moderate inhibitory activity toward Staphylococcus mutans-derived SrtA (2, 6, and 16) and significant stimulation of SIRT1 activity (2, 3, and 15).
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Frutas/química , Psoralea/química , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Aminoaciltransferasas/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Bacterianas/efectos de los fármacos , Cisteína Endopeptidasas/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/química , Estructura Molecular , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , República de Corea , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Terpenos/químicaRESUMEN
During a search for SIRT1 activators originating in nature, three new dammarane triterpenes, 6α,20(S)-dihydroxydammar-3,12-dione-24-ene (1), 6α,20(S),24(S)-trihydroxydammar-3,12-dione-25-ene (2), and 6α,20(S),25-trihydroxydammar-3,12-dione-23-ene (3), as well as two known triterpenes, dammar-20(22),24-diene-3ß,6α,12ß-triol (4) and 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (5), were isolated from Panax ginseng leaves. Compounds 1 and 3-5 showed potential as SIRT1 activators, as analyzed by in vitro enzyme-based SIRT1-NAD/NADH and SIRT1-p53 luciferase cell-based assays. They were also found to increase the level of NAD(+)/NADH ratio in HEK293 cells. This study presents a new class of chemical entities that may be able to be developed as SIRT1 activators for antiaging and treatment of age-associated diseases.