Association of plain water intake with self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: Adolescent depression and suicidality are serious health problems worldwide. Lower plain water intake has been proposed as a risk factor for depression in adults. This study investigated the association of daily plain water intake with self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents. METHODS: We used nationwide data from 112,250 students aged 12-18 years who participated in the Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Surveys in 2019 and 2020. Daily plain water intake was categorized as <1 glass, 1-2 glasses, and ≥3 glasses. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for self-reported depression and suicidality were calculated using multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: The weighted prevalence rates of self-reported depression, suicidal ideation, suicide planning, and suicide attempts were 26.7%, 12.0%, 3.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. Of the participants, 3.9%, 18.5%, and 77.7% were categorized into the <1 glass/day, 1-2 glass/day, and ≥3 glass/day groups, respectively. Compared to the reference group (≥3 glass/day), the lowest level of water intake (<1 glass/day) was associated with higher odds of self-reported depression (aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.20 to 1.39), suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.27 to 1.55), suicide planning (aOR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.69), and suicide attempts (aOR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.67). Moderately lower water intake (1-2 glass/day) showed slightly increased odds of self-reported depression (aOR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.10) and suicidal ideation (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.14). CONCLUSIONS: Lower plain water intake was significantly associated with a higher risk of self-reported depression and suicidality among Korean adolescents. Since this cross-sectional study is unable to establish a causal relationship, it underscores the need for additional longitudinal research.

Association between plant protein intake and grip strength in Koreans aged 50 years or older: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2016-2018.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association of plant and animal protein intake with grip strength in Koreans aged ≥ 50 yrs. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The data was collected from 3,610 men and 4,691 women (≥ 50 yrs) from the 2016-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated the total energy intake, and the intake of animal and plant protein and collected dietary data using 1-day 24-h dietary recalls. Low grip strength (LGS) was defined as the lowest quintile (men: up to 26.8 kg, women: up to 15.7 kg). The association of protein intake with grip strength was examined using Pearson's correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: The results proved that participants with LGS had lower daily energy, protein and fat intake, and percent energy from protein than those with normal or high grip strength (P < 0.0001). Total energy intake, animal protein, and plant protein were positively associated with grip strength. A higher intake of total plant protein (P for trend = 0.004 for men, 0.05 for women) and legumes, nuts, and seeds (LNS) protein (P for trend = 0.01 for men, 0.02 for women) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of LGS. However, non-LNS plant protein intake was not associated with LGS (P for trend = 0.10 for men, 0.15 for women). In women, a higher total animal protein intake was significantly associated with decreased LGS (P for trend = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Higher total plant protein and LNS protein intake are negatively associated with LGS.

Exploring the Influence of Growth-Associated Host Genetics on the Initial Gut Microbiota in Horses.

The influences of diet and environmental factors on gut microbial profiles have been widely acknowledged; however, the specific roles of host genetics remain uncertain. To unravel host genetic effects, we raised 47 Jeju crossbred (Jeju × Thoroughbred) foals that exhibited higher genetic diversity. Foals were raised under identical environmental conditions and diets. Microbial composition revealed that Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes were the predominant phyla. We identified 31 host-microbiome associations by utilizing 47,668 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 734 taxa with quantitative trait locus (QTL) information related to horse growth. The taxa involved in 31 host-microbiome associations were functionally linked to carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolic processes, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and lactic acid production. Abundances of these taxa were affected by specific SNP genotypes. Most growth-associated SNPs are found between genes. The rs69057439 and rs69127732 SNPs are located within the introns of the VWA8 and MFSD6 genes, respectively. These genes are known to affect energy balance and metabolism. These discoveries emphasize the significant effect of host SNPs on the development of the intestinal microbiome during the initial phases of life and provide insights into the influence of gut microbial composition on horse growth.

Association of functional sequence variants of the myosin heavy chain 3 gene with muscle collagen content in pigs.

This study examined the association between functional sequence variants (FSVs) of myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3) genotypes and collagen content in a Landrace and Jeju native pig (JNP) crossbred population. Four muscles (Musculus longissimus dorsi, Musculus semimembranosus, Musculus triceps brachii, and Musculus biceps femoris) were used for the analysis of meat collagen content, and the same animals were genotyped for the FSVs of the MYH3 gene by using PCR-RFLP (polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism). Three FSVs of MYH3 genotypes were identified and had genotype frequencies of 0.358, 0.551, and 0.091 for QQ, Qq, and qq, respectively. QQ animals for the FSVs of the MYH3 genotypes showed higher collagen content in their M. longissimus dorsi (p < 0.001), M. semimembranosus (p < 0.001), M. triceps brachii (p < 0.001), and M. biceps femoris (p < 0.001) than qq homozygous animals. After the validation of this result in other independent populations, the FSVs of MYH3 genotypes can be a valuable genetic marker for improving collagen content in porcine muscles and can also be applied to increase the amount of collagen for biomedical purposes.

Study Protocol for the Evaluation of Multidisciplinary Medication Reconciliation Service in Adult Patients Undergoing Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (The MERITS Study): A Single-Center Controlled before-and-after Study.

Medication reconciliation (MR), which is widely implemented worldwide, aims to improve patient safety to reduce the medication errors during care transition. Despite its widespread use, MR has not yet been implemented in the Republic of Korea, and its effectiveness has not been studied. We aimed to evaluate the impact of a multidisciplinary MR service in older patients undergoing thoracic and cardiovascular surgery. This is a single-center, prospective, controlled, before-and-after study of adult patients taking at least one chronic oral medication. Depending on the period of each patient's participation, they will be allocated to an intervention group or control group. Patients in the intervention group will receive multidisciplinary MR, and those in the control group will receive usual care. The primary outcome is to assess the impact of the MR service on medication discrepancies between the best possible medication history and medication orders at care transition. Secondary outcomes include the incidence rate of medication discrepancies at each transition, the discrepancy rate between the sources of information, the impact of MR on medication appropriateness index score, drug-related problems, 30-day mortality, the emergency department visit rate, readmission rate after discharge, the rate and acceptability of pharmacists' intervention during hospitalization, and patients' satisfaction.

A data-fusion approach to identifying developmental dyslexia from multi-omics datasets.

This exploratory study tested and validated the use of data fusion and machine learning techniques to probe high-throughput omics and clinical data with a goal of exploring the etiology of developmental dyslexia. Developmental dyslexia is the leading learning disability in school aged children affecting roughly 5-10% of the US population. The complex biological and neurological phenotype of this life altering disability complicates its diagnosis. Phenome, exome, and metabolome data was collected allowing us to fully explore this system from a behavioral, cellular, and molecular point of view. This study provides a proof of concept showing that data fusion and ensemble learning techniques can outperform traditional machine learning techniques when provided small and complex multi-omics and clinical datasets. Heterogenous stacking classifiers consisting of single-omic experts/models achieved an accuracy of 86%, F1 score of 0.89, and AUC value of 0.83. Ensemble methods also provided a ranked list of important features that suggests exome single nucleotide polymorphisms found in the thalamus and cerebellum could be potential biomarkers for developmental dyslexia and heavily influenced the classification of DD within our machine learning models.

Translating principles of precision medicine into speech-language pathology: Clinical trial of a proactive speech and language intervention for infants with classic galactosemia.

Precision medicine is an emerging approach to managing disease by taking into consideration an individual's genetic and environmental profile toward two avenues to improved outcomes: prevention and personalized treatments. This framework is largely geared to conditions conventionally falling into the field of medical genetics. Here, we show that the same avenues to improving outcomes can be applied to conditions in the field of behavior genomics, specifically disorders of spoken language. Babble Boot Camp (BBC) is the first comprehensive and personalized program designed to proactively mitigate speech and language disorders in infants at predictable risk by fostering precursor and early communication skills via parent training. The intervention begins at child age 2 to 5 months and ends at age 24 months, with follow-up testing at 30, 42, and 54 months. To date, 44 children with a newborn diagnosis of classic galactosemia (CG) have participated in the clinical trial of BBC. CG is an inborn error of metabolism of genetic etiology that predisposes up to 85% of children to severe speech and language disorders. Of 13 children with CG who completed the intervention and all or part of the follow-up testing, only one had disordered speech and none had disordered language skills. For the treated children who completed more than one assessment, typical speech and language skills were maintained over time. This shows that knowledge of genetic risk at birth can be leveraged toward proactive and personalized management of a disorder that manifests behaviorally.

Associations of Serum Vitamin D Level with Sarcopenia, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), and Sarcopenia in NAFLD Among People Aged 50 Years and Older: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV-V.

Background: The role of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in the development of sarcopenia in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. We investigated the association between vitamin D levels, occurrence of sarcopenia, NAFLD, and sarcopenia in NAFLD in adults aged >50 years. Methods: This study used data pertaining to 5396 adults aged >50 years (1870 men and 3526 women) from the 2008-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass adjusted by weight (ASM/Wt) was used to diagnose sarcopenia, and NAFLD was diagnosed using the NAFLD fat score. Results: The lowest quintile of serum 25(OH)D level (4.85-15.26 ng/mL) was associated with an increased occurrence of sarcopenia [odds ratio (OR) 2.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64-4.27], NAFLD (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.19-2.96), and sarcopenia in NAFLD (OR 2.25; 95% CI 1.26-4.03) in men. In women, sarcopenia (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.29-2.51) was also significantly associated with serum vitamin D levels, whereas high levels of vitamin D were not significantly related to NAFLD. Conclusions: Serum vitamin D levels are associated with sarcopenia, NAFLD, and sarcopenia in NAFLD. Vitamin D level can be a useful marker of sarcopenia and NAFLD, especially in men.

Toward Preventing Speech and Language Disorders of Known Genetic Origin: First Post-Intervention Results of Babble Boot Camp in Children With Classic Galactosemia.

Purpose Babble Boot Camp (BBC) is a package of proactive activities and routines designed to prevent speech and language disorders in infants at predictable risk. It is implemented via parent training and currently undergoing clinical trial in children with a newborn diagnosis of classic galactosemia (CG), a metabolic disease with high risk of speech and language disorders. The purpose of this study is to provide updates to a previous pilot study and to present the first set of post-intervention results. Method The intervention and data collection occurred during child ages < 6-24 months, with follow-up assessments of speech and language at ages 2.5 and 3.5 years. Treatment targets included earliest vocalization rates, babble complexity, speech production accuracy, and vocabulary and syntactic growth. The oldest 15 children with CG (including three untreated controls) completed the first set of follow-up assessments. Aggregate data up to 10 months were available for 17 treated children with CG, six untreated children with CG, and six typical controls. Results At ages 7-9 months, babbling complexity, as measured with mean babbling level, was higher in the treated children with CG than in the untreated children with CG and the typical controls. Prior to 24 months of age, the treated children with CG had greater expressive but not receptive vocabulary sizes than an untreated control. Follow-up testing showed typical language scores for all 12 treated children with CG and typical articulation scores for 11 of these, whereas one of three untreated children with CG had low articulation and expressive language scores. Conclusions The BBC appears to be a viable intervention to support the speech and expressive language development of children with GC. Future studies will evaluate the relative contributions of the earliest and later BBC components to outcomes.

Relationship Between Protein Intake and Sarcopenia in the Elderly with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Based on the Fourth and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: The association between sarcopenia and protein intake has been well studied. However, limited data are available on the association between sarcopenia and protein intake in people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate the association between protein intake and sarcopenia among elderly participants with NAFLD using the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Data of 4179 participants (1576 men and 2603 women, age ≥60 years) who participated in the KNHANES during 2008-2011 were obtained. Sarcopenia was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass/wt (%) of 1 standard deviation below the gender-specific mean for healthy adults and NAFLD as liver fat score using the fatty liver prediction models. According to their daily protein intake, participants were grouped into the high protein intake group (>1.2 g/kg/day), middle protein intake group (0.8-1.2 g/kg/day), and low protein intake group (<0.8 g/kg/day). Generalized linear models and logistic regression models were used. Results: The overall prevalence of sarcopenia in participants with NAFLD was 16.53%. Compared with the highest protein intake group, the low protein intake group had a significantly higher risk of sarcopenia (adjustment odds ratio = 1.707; 95% confidence interval = 1.009-2.886). In the fully adjusted model, the highest protein intake group had significantly lower levels of insulin, total body fat, vitamin B, and fat intake, whereas muscle proportions, energy, carbohydrates, vitamin A, and vitamin C intake of high protein intake participants were significantly higher than other groups. Conclusion: The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenia-related factors were significantly lower in NAFLD elderly participants with high protein intake. These results suggest that high protein intake can help prevent and manage sarcopenia in people with NAFLD.

[Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease in the Thorax: Imaging Findings and Differential Diagnosis]. / 흉부에서 발생한 IgG4 연관 질환: 영상 소견 및 감별진단.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic inflammatory condition involving multiple organs, including the salivary or lacrimal glands, orbit, pancreas, bile duct, liver, kidney, retroperitoneum, aorta, lung, and lymph nodes. It is histologically characterized by tissue infiltration with lymphocytes and IgG4-secreting plasma cells, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. In the thoracic involvement of IgG4-RD, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and perilymphangitic interstitial thickening of the lung are the most common findings. Peribronchovascular and septal thickening and paravertebral band-like soft tissue are characteristic findings of IgG4-RD. Other findings include pulmonary nodules or masses, ground-glass opacity, alveolar interstitial thickening, pleural effusion or thickening, mass in the chest wall or mediastinum, and arteritis involving the aorta and coronary artery. Radiologic differential diagnosis of various malignancies, infections, and inflammatory conditions is needed. In this review, we describe the imaging findings of IgG4-RD and the radiologic differential diagnoses in the thorax.

Sarcoid-Like Reaction after Complete Remission of Malignancy: CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT Features for the Differential Diagnosis from Lymph Node Metastasis.

Purpose: To identify the imaging features indicative of sarcoid-like reactions in patients with intrathoracic lymphadenopathy after complete remission of malignancies. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled five patients with histopathologically confirmed sarcoid-like reactions that developed after cancer remission. The clinical features and findings of CT and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT were assessed. Results: The underlying malignancies included breast, nasopharyngeal, colon, and endometrial cancer and lymphoma. The time intervals between complete remission of malignancy and the diagnosis of sarcoid-like reaction ranged from 6 to 78 months. CT findings of sarcoid-like reaction included bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies (n = 5), pulmonary nodules (1-15 mm) with peribronchovascular, fissural, or subpleural distribution, and interlobular interstitial thickening in the lungs (n = 4). 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed hypermetabolic uptake in the mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes and both lungs in the absence of extrathoracic uptake (n = 3). The sarcoid-like reactions resolved in all patients after corticosteroid treatment. Conclusion: In patients with complete remission of malignancies, newly developed bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies with or without pulmonary nodules of perilymphatic distribution, in the absence of recurrence at the primary tumor site and extrathoracic metastasis, may suggest a sarcoid-like reaction. Such cases warrant histologic evaluation of the lymph nodes to prevent unnecessary systemic chemotherapy.

Food Security Status is not Associated with Increased Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults.

Background: It is still uncertain whether food insecurity increases the risk of metabolic syndrome. Recent reports from the United States and developing countries have shown conflicting results on this issue. This study aimed to investigate the association between food security status and metabolic syndrome in Korean adults. Methods: We performed a nationwide population study using data for 18,782 adults obtained from the 2012 to 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. The 18-item Food Security Survey Module was utilized to assess household food security status. We used multiple logistic regression models to determine the association between food security status and metabolic syndrome. Results: The overall prevalence of food insecurity was 8.2% and that of metabolic syndrome was 27.3%. The prevalences of metabolic syndrome were 26.2%, 32.3%, 30.2%, and 28.8% in the high, marginal, low, and very low food security groups, respectively. Food-insecure participants (participants in the low food security and very low food security groups) were significantly more likely to be female, divorced/widowed/separated, and current smokers compared to food-secure participants. Food-insecure participants also had lower incomes, lower education attainments, and lower physical activities (P < 0.05). Compared with the high food security group, the marginal (odds ratio [OR]: 1.34, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.19-1.50, P < 0.001) and low food security groups (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.04-1.42, P = 0.01) had increased odds of metabolic syndrome in the unadjusted models. However, after controlling for covariates, including age, sex, marital status, education attainment, household income, smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity, neither marginal food security (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.87-1.19, P = 0.86) nor low food security (aOR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.71-1.08, P = 0.22) was significantly associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Contrary to a prior report from the United States, food security status was not significantly associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome in Korean adults.

Additive prognostic value of red cell distribution width over late gadolinium enhancement on CMR in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy.

Elevated red cell distribution width (RDW) and late gadolinium enhancement on cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) are both poor prognostic factors. This study examined the relationship between RDW and LGE-CMR characteristics in patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (NICM), and investigated whether the additive prognostic value of RDW as an integrative systemic factor over LGE-CMR exists or not. A total of consecutive 378 patients who underwent CMR at two general hospitals in South Korea were retrospectively analyzed. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause death, hospitalizations due to worsening heart failure and major arrhythmic events. During a mean follow-up period of 40.8 months, 151 (39.9%) patients experienced primary endpoints. The RDW value was significantly higher in patients with LGE than in those without LGE (13.7 ± 1.5% vs. 13.3 ± 1.4%, p = 0.034), but it was not associated with the extent or distribution patterns of the LGE. Addition of RDW into the model with clinical risk factors and LGE-CMR characteristics led to a significant improvement in the prediction of worse outcomes (χ2 increased from 73 to 82; p = 0.023). RDW could provide incremental predictive value for adverse clinical events beyond LGE-CMR data in NICM patients.

Impact of sex and marital status on the prevalence of perceived depression in association with food insecurity.

BACKGROUND: While both food insecurity and depression have been reported to be closely related to sex and marital status, the impact of sex and marital status on the prevalence of perceived depression in association with food security status has not been evaluated. MATERIALS & METHODS: We performed a nationwide population study using data for 19,866 adults obtained from the 2012-2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Household food insecurity status was evaluated using the 18-item Food Security Survey Module. Perceived depression was measured using one item questionnaire or the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). We cross-sectionally analyzed associations between perceived depression and variables, including socio-demographic factors and food security status. The prevalence of perceived depression was compared according to sex, marital status, and food security status. We applied survey sampling weights in all analyses. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of perceived depression was 10.5%. Prevalence rates of perceived depression in the high food security group, marginal food security group, low food security group, and very low food security group were 8.9%, 13.6%, 19.7%, and 35.0%, respectively (P < 0.001). Of total participants, 1.8% were categorized as having both perceived depression and food insecurity. After adjusting for confounding covariates, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]; 2.37), never married (aOR; 1.37), divorced/widowed/separated (aOR; 1.50), low food security (aOR; 1.72), and very low food security (aOR; 3.65) were associated with increased risk of perceived depression. Men with very low food security and divorced/widowed/separated status were most likely to have perceived depression (53.2%), followed by women with very low food security and divorced/widowed/separated status (48.7%), women with very low food security and married status (42.0%), and women with low food security and divorced/widowed/separated status (33.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex and marital status of divorced/widowed/separated were strongly associated with perceived depression. These two factors and food insecurity synergistically contributed to perceived depression.

Dach1 regulates neural crest migration during embryonic development.

Dachshund 1(Dach1) is a key component of the retinal determination gene network that plays significant roles in cell fate regulation. The vertebrate homolog of Drosophila dachshund has gained considerable importance as an essential regulator of development, but its functions during embryonic development remain elusive. We investigated the functional significance of dach1 during Xenopus embryogenesis using loss-of-function studies. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated the maternal nature of dach1, showing enhanced expression at the neurula stage of development, and morpholino oligonucleotide injection of dach1 induced phenotypic anomalies of microcephaly and reduced body length. Animal cap assays followed by whole-mount in-situ hybridization indicated the perturbed expression of neural and neural crest (NC) markers. Our data suggest the prerequisite functions of dach1 in NC migration during Xenopus embryogenesis. However, the developmental pathways regulated by dach1 during embryogenesis require further elucidation.

Association of Soybean Food Intake and Cardiometabolic Syndrome in Korean Women: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007 to 2011).

BACKGROUND: Soybean food consumption has been considered as a possible way to lower incidence of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) among Asians. However, results from studies investigating its efficacy on CMS in Asians have been inconsistent. METHODS: We analyzed the association between soybean intake frequency and prevalence of CMS based on data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007 to 2011. Data of 9,287 women aged 20 to 64 years were analyzed. Food frequency questionnaire was used to assess soybean food consumption frequency. General linear model and multivariable logistic regression model were used to examine the association of soybean intake quintile with CMS and its risk factors. Least square means of metabolic factors mostly showed no significant relevance except liver indexes. RESULTS: Compared to participants in the 1st quintile (<2 times/week of soybean food), odds ratios (OR) for CMS and abdominal obesity (AO) in the 4th quintile (8.5 times/week17 times/week and CMS varied depending on soybean food items.

Imaging Features of Various Benign and Malignant Tumors and Tumorlike Conditions of the Pleura: A Pictorial Review.

Pleural masses may be caused by various conditions, including benign and malignant neoplasms and non-neoplastic tumorlike conditions. Primary pleural neoplasms include solitary fibrous tumor, malignant mesothelioma, and primary pleural non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Metastatic disease is the most common neoplasm of the pleura and may uncommonly occur in patients with hematologic malignancy, including lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma. Pleural effusion is usually associated with pleural malignancy. Rarely, pleural malignancy may arise from chronic empyema, and the most common cell type is non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (pyothorax-associated lymphoma). Non-neoplastic pleural masses may be observed in several benign conditions, including tuberculosis, pleural plaques caused by asbestos exposure, and pleural loose body. Herein, we present a review of benign and malignant pleural neoplasms and tumorlike conditions with illustrations of their computed tomographic images.

Application of soymilk skin as sausage wrapping for improving lipid oxidation.

Yuba, the soymilk skin, was developed as edible films for sausage. Yuba (Y) were prepared with added pine-needle extract (YP) and employed to wrap sausage. Physical and mechanical properties and lipid oxidation of sausages were compared to sausages made with commercial collagen casing (C). Y films showed better transparency, oxygen-barrier properties, and UV-light barrier properties than C films (p < .05). Particularly, the addition of pine-needle extract increased DPPH activities from 31 to 48% and total phenol content from 7.52 to 14.64 mg gallic acid/g. Regarding application for sausage wrapping, Y (2.35%) and YP (2.66%) wrapped sausages with better protection against water loss during cooking compared to sausages made from C (5.84%). Especially, YP (3.57 MDA mg/kg) showed better protection against lipid oxidation for sausages than Y (4 MDA mg/kg) and C (4.62 MDA mg/kg) on day 6 after refrigerated storage. Yuba films could be employed as potential alternatives to gelatin films for manufacturing sausages.