[The kallikrein-kinin system and blood plasma proteolysis inhibitors in various childhood nephropathies]. / Kallikrein-kininovaia sistema i ingibitory proteoliza plazmy krovi pri razlichnykh nefropatiiakh u detei.

Activity of the kallikrein-kinin system and proteinase inhibitors were studied in blood plasma of children at various stages of tubulointerstitial nephritis, pyelonephritis and dysmetabolic nephropathy. Similar alterations in the activities of kallikrein-kinin system and in the rate of proteolysis inhibition were observed in tubulointerstitial nephritis and pyelonephritis. Supplementary demonstrations were obtained about development of inflammation in tubulointerstitial nephritis. Absence of the kallikrein-kinin system activation and a decrease in the alpha 2-macroglobulin content were detected in dysmetabolic nephropathy. Definite components of the kallikrein-kinin system and the proteolysis inhibitors may be used as indicators in differential diagnosis of tubulointerstitial nephritis and dysmetabolic nephropathy.

[Differential diagnosis of gallbladder diseases in children]. / Differentsial'naia diagnostika zabolevanii zhelchnogo puzyria u detei.

To estimate the information content of different methods of diagnosing biliary diseases, 103 children aged 5 to 15 years, including 25 practically healthy children as control, were examined. Abdominal organs, particularly the liver and gallbladder were examined by echography. The duodenal contents was explored by microscopy of the sediment and biochemistry which included analysis in the vesicular and liver portions of the concentrations of phospholipids, activity of phospholipases A and C as well as measurements of creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein and of the diphenylamine index. Ultrasonography was found to be highly informative. The characteristic echographic alterations seen in dyskinesia of the biliary tract, dyscholias and chronic cholecystitis were defined. For differential diagnosis of dyscholia and chronic cholecystitis it is necessary to carry out biochemistry of the duodenal contents including measurements of phospholipids, activity of phospholipases A and C, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein and the diphenylamine index. Based on the similarity of the alterations seen in children with different cholepathies, a concept is advanced of the mechanisms by which functional and organic diseases of the gallbladder are formed.

[Value of extracorporeal radioimmunoassay in children with nephrotic syndrome]. / Znachenie ekstrakorporal'nykh radioimmunnykh issledovanii pri nefroticheskom sindrome u detei.

Extracorporeal radioimmune techniques were employed to study gonadotropic and sex hormones renin and beta 2-microglobulin in patients with nephrotic glomerulonephritis. The hypophyseal and gonadal system showed alterations which were dependent on the disease gravity. The level of renin and beta 2-microglobulin correlated first of all with renal function.

[Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment of gastroduodenal Campylobacter infection in children]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka éffektivnosti lecheniia gastroduodenal'nogo kampilobakterioza u detei.

Schemes developed by the authors for antibacterial therapy of gastroduodenal bacterosis caused by Campylobacter spp. in children are described. The data on the treatment of 56 patients with duodenal ulcer and gastroduodenitis are presented. The efficacy of the treatment with medicines under the control of the clinical, endoscopic and microbiological indices was compared. The study showed that De-Nol, furazolidone and combination of trichopol (metronidazole) with vicair were the most efficient drugs for therapy of children with such diseases.

[The systemic disorder of connective tissue metabolism and hypoplasia of the nephron elements in hereditary nephritis in children]. / Sistemnoe narushenie metabolizma soedinitel'noi tkani i gipoplaziia élementov nefrona pri nasledstvennom nefrite u detei.

Clinical biochemistry and morphological methods were employed to examine 25 children aged 3 to 15 years with hereditary nephritis. Measurements were made of morphological alterations in renal biopsy specimens, excretion with urine of connective tissue metabolites (hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine glycosides, glycosaminoglycans), the level of the same metabolites and characteristic features of the cellular growth of skin fibroblasts in culture. The early stages of nephritis development were marked by hypoplasia of nephron elements, followed by dystrophy and destruction of its ultrastructural elements including collagen of the glomerular basal membranes. The status of the skin fibroblast cell culture corresponded with the changes seen in renal cells of mesenchymal origin. The conclusion is made that in children with hereditary nephritis, nephron cells and skin fibroblasts reflect systemic metabolic defect of the connective tissue.

[Use of xidifon for prevention and treatment of nephropathies with metabolic disorders in children]. / Ispol'zovanie ksidifona dlia profilaktiki i lecheniia dismetabolicheskikh nefropatii u detei.

Xydofon was applied to the treatment of 68 children suffering from different renal diseases associated with metabolic disorders. The latter ones involved oxaluria (28 children), uraturia (17 children), cystinuria (14 children), and phosphaturia (9 children). To appraise the action of xydofon, use was made of the indicators of membranolysis, cellular homeostasis of calcium, lipid peroxidation, and of the level of beta 2-microglobulin in urine. The results obtained indicate that xydofon can be used as an effective remedy for the treatment of children suffering from nephropathies associated with metabolic disorders.

[The function of the hypophyseal-gonadal system in different variants of glomerulonephritis in children]. / Sostoianie gipofizarno-gonadnoi sistemy pri razlichnykh variantakh glomerulonefrita u detei.

A total of 28 children with different varieties of glomerulonephritis were examined for the pituitary-gonadal system (PGS). The examination included measurements of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, prolactin, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone. To define standards of the content of the hormones under study, 45 children of the control group were examined. The relationship was analyzed between the content of hormones and the disease activity and gravity. The most active phase of glomerulonephritis was characterized by maximal alterations in the content of pituitary and gonadal hormones. The content of the latter ones appeared to be considerably changed in patients with the mixed pattern of glomerulonephritis, attesting to profound functional derangements in the PGS. The intensity of those derangements was determined by the severity of the pathological process.

[Clinico-endoscopic characteristics of gastroduodenal Campylobacter infection in children]. / Kliniko-éndoskopicheskie osobennosti gastroduodena'lnogo kampilo- bakterioza u detei.

During diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy, 104 children aged 6 months to 14 years were subjected to spot biopsy of the mucous membrane of the antral part of the stomach and duodenal bulb with a purpose of subsequent studies for Campylobacter pyloris (C. P.) including primary microscopy, the screening-urease test and culture isolation followed by its identification according to all the necessary biochemical tests. C. P. were detected in 50% of the children examined including 9 out of 12 patients suffering from ulcer disease of the duodenum. It was shown that the C. P. incidence noticeably rose with an increase of the period of the gastroenterologic anamnesis. The characteristic clinical and endoscopic signs of the illness were defined, associated with most or less probable C. P. isolation. It has been established that the findings of the screening-urease test cannot form the basis for the final diagnosis of pyloric campylobacteriosis in children.