Selective Encapsulation of the Polyphenols on Silk Fibroin Nanoparticles: Optimization Approaches.

The present study proposes a method for designing small bioactive nanoparticles using silk fibroin as a carrier to deliver hydrophobic polyphenols. Quercetin and trans-resveratrol, widely distributed in vegetables and plants, are used here as model compounds with hydrophobic properties. Silk fibroin nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method and using various concentrations of ethanol solutions. The optimization of the nanoparticle formation was achieved by applying Central Composite Design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM). The effects of silk fibroin and ethanol solution concentrations together with the pH on the selective encapsulation of phenolic compounds from a mixture were reported. The obtained results showed that nanoparticles with an average particle size of 40 to 105 nm can be prepared. The optimized system for the selective encapsulation of the polyphenols on the silk fibroin substrate was determined to be 60% ethanol solution and 1 mg/mL silk fibroin concentration at neutral pH. The selective encapsulation of the polyphenols was achieved, with the best results being obtained in the case of resveratrol and quercetin and encapsulation of gallic and vanillic acids being rather poor. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed the selective encapsulation and the loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant activity.

Eggshell Membrane Based Turmeric Extract Loaded Orally Disintegrating Films.

BACKGROUND: The increasing interest in using natural bioactive compounds as new drug candidates due to their low solubility led to designing and developing novel drug delivery systems. Out of those, orally disintegrating films (ODFs) are a very eminent drug delivery system among pediatrics and geriatrics. OBJECTIVE: In our study, the solvent casting method was used to prepare eggshell membrane-based and turmeric extract loaded orally disintegrating films. METHODS: Characterization of the prepared films was done with FTIR, AFM, and SEM analysis. The release profile of the turmeric extract was determined and fitted to the mathematical models. RESULTS: AFM results showed that the best interaction between components was achieved in Film 2. The highest cumulative release percentage was obtained for the film with 7.5% (w/w) turmeric extract (Film-2) as 41.98%, based on the HPLC measurements. The Higuchi model was the best-- fitted model for Film 2. CONCLUSION: In this study, SEP and CMCH were used for the first time as biopolymers to prepare the orally disintegrating film. Turmeric extract was successfully integrated into films prepared from SEP and CMCH.

Utilization of Eggshell Membrane and Olive Leaf Extract for the Preparation of Functional Materials.

Eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural proteinaceous by-product of the food industry, especially in the pasteurized egg industry, resulting in the availability of much discarded egg waste. In the literature, eggshell (ES) and ESM usage for their adsorbent properties to remove various organic and inorganic hazardous chemicals, especially from wastewater, has gained interest. In addition, agricultural (olive leaf) and food industry (eggshell and eggshell membrane) waste can together be valorized to produce value-added functional products. This study's objective was to evaluate the eggshell membrane's loading capacity for bioactive compounds obtained from olive leaf extract (OLE) in order to prepare functional biomaterial. In this study, waste eggshell membranes were used to adsorb the phenolic compounds from olive leaf extract to design functional biomaterials. Using the foam separation method, both separation of the eggshell membrane and adsorption of bioactive compounds to the eggshell membrane were achieved simultaneously. The characterization studies showed that OLE was successfully adsorbed to the eggshell membrane. Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial studies showed that prepared OLE-loaded membranes were functional materials with bioactive properties. In conclusion, ESM was determined as a promising protein in the production of functional antioxidative and antimicrobial food or dietary supplement after the adsorption of bioactive olive leaf polyphenols.

Simultaneous isolation and selective encapsulation of volatile compounds from essential oil during electrospraying of ß-Cyclodextrin.

This study's primary purpose was to develop a new technique to stabilize high value-added bioactive volatile compounds present in essential oils to ensure their usability as chemical raw materials with enhanced stability. Selective isolation and encapsulation of various volatile compounds by changing the electrospraying process parameter, including voltage, flow rate, and ß-Cyclodextrin concentration, were attributed to the formation of inclusion complexes between ß-cyclodextrin and volatile compounds. Investigations regarding the effects of independent process variables on simultaneous isolation and selective encapsulation of volatile compounds during electrospraying of ß-cyclodextrins were carried out mainly with TLC analyses. The TLC analyses were confirmed with GC, GC-MS, and 1H NMR analyses. It was possible to obtain nanoparticles with an average particle size between 25-160 nm with the designed system. Obtained data revealed that isolation and encapsulation of cumin aldehyde, camphene, isoborneol, and hexadecanoic acid, benzyl benzoate from labdanum essential oil were successfully achieved.