[Changes in lipid composition and carbohydrate composition of Aspergillus niger conidia during germination]. / Izmeneniia v lipidnom i uglevodnom sostave konidii Aspergillus niger v protsesse prorastaniia.

Data on the lipid composition and carbohydrate composition of Aspergillus niger conidia make it possible to characterize the individual germination stages and differentiate between the conidia capable of germination and those that lost the germination capacity. The following criteria are proposed: the ratio of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, the ratio of mannitol and arabitol, and the levels of sterols and free fatty acids. The role of these compounds in the biochemical background of cell transition from dormancy to active metabolism and their use as indices of the quality of inocula in biotechnological processes are discussed.

[Ultrasound angiography: new perspectives in diagnosis of renal mass lesions]. / Ul'trazvukovaia angiografiia: novye vozmozhnosti diagnostiki ob"emnykh obrazovanii pochek.

AIM: To evaluate diagnostic efficacy of advanced ultrasound (US) techniques in early and differential diagnosis of malignant tumors of the kidneys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 394 patients with renal mass lesions were studied. They had: renal cell carcinoma (n = 96), renal parenchyma pseudotumors (n = 22), lipoma (n = 48), angiomyolipoma (n = 19), renal abscess (n = 2), renal sinus lipomatosis (n = 1), parenchymal cysts (n = 205), retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma with invasion in the kidney (n = 1). The following examinations were made: gray scale study with tissue harmonic imaging, panoramic scanning, US-angiography (color doppler imaging--CDI, power doppler imaging--PDI, 3D-reconstruction of the kidney vessels, 3D dynamic contrast enhanced angiography (DCEA) in the second harmonic mode with an echo-contrast agent levovist. Pulse Doppler with qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the doppler spectrum was used as an additional method. Verification of the diagnosis was made by conventional angiography, computer tomography, MR-tomography, histomorphological analysis after surgery in 91, 310, 6 and 88 patients, respectively. RESULTS: New US techniques allow differentiation of malignant tumors with renal lipomas and angiomyolipomas, focuses of inflammation, pseudotumors of the renal parenchyma and atypical renal cysts. CDI has revealed big pathologic vessels with arterio-venous and arterio-arterial shunts in renal cancer in 63.5% of the cases. PDI visualized a net of pathologically changed vessels in 74.8% of the cases. 3D-reconstruction in PDI was highly sensitive (90%) in visualization of neoplastic vessels. US-angiography was used for pre- and postoperative monitoring in 18 patients subjected to conservative renal surgery. In 23 patients DCEA with levovist allowed monitoring of all phases of contrast enhancement of renal vessels. Injection of contrast agent revealed tumor microvasculature in an early arterial phase (20-30 seconds). CONCLUSION: US-angiographic techniques in diagnosis of renal cancer increases sensitivity and specificity of the US method compared to conventional B-mode US from 55 and 60% to 98 and 95%, positive and negative predictive value from 58 and 57% to 95 and 98%, respectively.

[Diagnosis of bladder cancer]. / Diagnostika raka mochevogo puzyria.

Increasing incidence of bladder tumors necessitates development of new techniques of early diagnosis. A total clinical system including application of ultrasonoangiography proved superior to examination under the gray scale mode. The diagnostic and monitoring algorithm makes the system highly effective.

[Characteristics of exogenous dormancy of Aspergillus niger conidia]. / Osobennosti ékzogennogo pokoia konidii Aspergillus niger.

Aspergillus niger conidia are characterized by exogenous dormancy: the first stage of their germination is accomplished in twice distilled water. However, germ tube formation requires the availability of carbon and nitrogen sources. Exogenous dormancy in A. niger conidia exhibits the following peculiar features: (i) nitrogen-containing substances are active stimulators of germination; (ii) temperature-dependent changes in the lipid bilayer and in the neutral lipid composition of conidia are virtually identical to those occurring in growing mycelium under temperature stress; and (iii) the spore viability threshold does not exceed 45 degrees C; i.e., the spores are more heat-resistant than the mycelium, but they are less heat-resistant than the spores that are in the state of endogenous dormancy. According to the current classification of the types of cell metabolism arrest, the exogenous dormancy of A. niger conidia resembles the pattern of metabolism characteristic of vegetative cells during the idiophase.

[Changes in the carbohydrate composition of cytosol from fungal spores in connection with environmental temperature and during storage]. / Izmeneniia v sostave uglevodov tsitozolia spor gribov v sviazi s temperaturoi obitaniia i v protsesse khraneniia.

Differences in the carbohydrate composition were revealed among spores of fungi belonging to Zygomycetes, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Oomycota, part of the novel kingdom Chromista. It was shown for the first time that Phytophthora infestans contains arabitol in addition to glucose and trehalose. Sucrose was detected in Pleurotus ostreatus basidiospores. It was established that Blakeslea trispora stylospores contain inositol. The dependence of the spore carbohydrate composition on the temperature of the habitat of the corresponding species is discussed. It was shown that the cytosol of the conidia is dominated by trehalose and inositol under hypothermic conditions and by mannitol and glucose under hyperthermic conditions. Neomycota and Eomycota were shown to differ in their responses to stress (starvation), which correlated with the differences in the carbohydrate composition of the spore cytosols. Assuming that cytosol carbohydrates perform a protective function, we explain the higher viability of conidia compared to stylo- and sporangiospores.

[Conservative surgery of renal cancer]. / Organosokhraniaiushchie operatsii pri rake pochki.

Organ-preserving technologies are coming up to take the place of organ-removing operations for cancer of the kidney. A tumor size is not a decisive parameter any more as the decision is made in each individual case. Ultrasound, as a screening test, has changed the situation in the diagnosis of early stages of the disease, but routine urological examinations retain their importance. Postoperative monitoring with US angiography is essential for detecting relapses.

[Changes in the work capacity of the operators of command-measuring systems during daily duty]. / Izmenenie rabotosposobnosti operatorov komandno-izmeritel'nykh kompleksov v protsesse sutochnogo dezhurstva.

Through 12 hours of work the operators of command-measuring complexes had initial signs of exhaustion, showed them-self by decrease of health state, activity, mood, increase of latent period of simple sensorimotor reaction. These changes of a functional condition had no effect on quality of fulfillment of target problems. At the end of daily duty exhaustion, described by deterioration of health state, increase of operators' anxiousness, rapid pulse, reduction of time of delay of breath, increase of time of instability of sensorimotor reactions, amount of faulty actions, reduction of speed of mental processes and distribution of attention were developed.

[Cancer of the kidney: nephrectomy or resection?]. / Rak pochki: nefréktomiia ili rezektsiia?

Malignant tumors of renal parenchyma remain a problem for a clinician in view of the lacking distinctive algorithm and treatment policy based principally on the diagnosis terms. Optimal treatment, surgical, is represented by two kinds of operations: preserving and radical. Out of 292 patients admitted to the clinic from 1974 to 1990, 243 (83%) underwent surgery which was conservative in 37 (15.2%) cases. Five-year survival of surgical cases was 65.5%, in nonsurgical ones 7%. The stage of renal cancer was diagnosed as I. Renal resection was universal. There were 2 cases of heminephrectomy for cancer of the fused kidney. Histologically, the tumors appeared hypernephroid carcinoma. One patient was followed up for 10 years, 11 for 5 years. Recurrences occurred in 3 cases only, massive metastasizing in 5 years in 1 case. Dysfunctions of the kidney indicate inadequacy of the organ-preserving surgery while hypofunction of the contralateral kidney suggests possibility of the organ preservation. When it is feasible technically, the residual part of the parenchyma is functionally capable and the pelviureteral system is effective, resection of the kidney is recommended even in intact contralateral kidney. Such intervention is no less radical than nephrectomy.

[Nonpsychotic neuropsychic disorders as a basis for abnormal behavior in younger schoolchildren]. / Nepsikhoticheskie nervno-psikhicheskie rasstroistva kak osnova narushennogo povedeniia u mladshikh shkol'nikov.

As many as 110 junior schoolchildren with abnormal behavior, whose parents had taken advice of the psychiatrist, were examined. In the majority of cases, behavioral abnormalities were due to borderline residual organic disorders; more rarely, they involved characteristic and pathocharacteristic reactions including those seen in personality deviations or were related to mental diseases. Disinhibited behavior is mostly determined by biological factor whereas opposition and hysteroid behavior tends to positive correlation with microsocial factor. The majority of children with abnormal behavior, especially in the presence of low intellect and speech disturbances have a negative attitude to school. Some general recommendations are given to parents of difficult children.

[The characteristics of pathological personality development in deaf children]. / Osobennosti patologicheskogo razvitiia lichnosti u glukhikh detei.

Overall 100 children with congenital deafness were examined to reveal an unusual defect of the emotional and personality sphere. Certain epileptoid characteristic traits were coupled with the underdevelopment of emotional memory and productive imagination. Instability of effective conditions gave rise to the occurrence of rudimentary neurotic disorders in children with congenital and early acquired deafness.

[Effect of lumbar sympathectomy on late results of reconstructive operations on the abdominal aorta and arteries of the lower extremities]. / Vliianie poiasnichnoi simpatéktomii na otdalennye rezul'taty rekonstruktivnykh operatsii na briushnoi chasti aorty i arteriiakh nizhnikh konechnostei.

The use of reconstructive operation in combination with lumbar sympathectomy for the treatment of obliterative lesion of the vessels of the aortoiliofemoral segment permits to reduce the incidence of development of the early postoperative vascular thrombosis and late reocclusion. A good patency of vascular transplants after combined operation was noted in 62% of cases, after isolated reconstruction--in 38%.

[A method of gastric resection]. / Sposob rezektsii zheludka.

Technical peculiarities of a new method of gastric resection are described. Mobilization of the portion being removed was performed without an injury of main vessels and nerves. The secondary branches running to the part being resected should be subjected to parietal ligation or dissection. Operations were made on 52 patients for gastric ulcer or polyps. Immediate and remote results were good.

[A method of tubular stomach resection with preservation of the pyloric and repaired cardial sphincters]. / Sposob trubkovidnoi rezektsii zheludka s sokhraneniem piloricheskogo i vosstanovleniem "kardial'nogo zhoma".

The authors describe an original variant of gastric resection which was performed in 65 patients with ulcer of the cardial portion of the stomach with good immediate and remote results.

[Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VI. Structure of peptides of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor molecule]. / Pervichnaia struktura faktora élongatsii G iz Escherichia coli. VI. Struktura peptidov bromtsianovogo rasshchepleniia molekuly G-faktora.

Peptides obtained as a result of cyanogen bromide cleavage of the G-factor have been studied. All 12 peptides embracing the whole structure of fragment T4 have been isolated. For their amino acid sequence determination, cyanogen bromide peptides have been further cleaved with trypsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, staphylococcal glutamic protease and BNPS-skatole. The complete primary structure of 9 from 12 cyanogen bromide peptides has been determined.

[Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VII. Study of peptides generated during hydrolysis of the T4 fragment by glutamic proteinase from Staphylococcus aureus]. / Pervichnaia struktura faktora élongatsii G iz Escherichia coli. VII. Issledovanie peptidov, poluchennykh pri gidrolize fragmenta T4 glutaminovoi proteinazoi Staphylococcus aureus.

For fragment T4, obtained on limited trypsinolysis of the G-factor, the amino acid sequence embracing 76% of its structure has been determined by analysis of peptides resulting from the fragment T4 cleavage with staphylococcal glutamic protease. These data permitted to assemble into one polypeptide chain 7 out of 12 earlier characterized cyanogen bromide peptides contained in the fragment T4.

[Primary structure of the elongation factor G from Escherichia coli. VIII. Structure of tryptic peptides comprising the T4 fragment of limited trypsinolysis of the G-factor]. / Pervichnaia struktura faktora élongatsii G iz Escherichia coli. VIII. Issledovanie struktury peptidov tripticheskogo gidroliza, vkhodiashchikh v sostav fragmenta T4 ogranichennogo tripsinolizata G-faktora.

Products of tryptic hydrolysis of the maleic anhydride modified fragment Th3 from limited thermolytic hydrolysis of the G-factor have been studied. Some short peptides which result from the trypsin action on the native G-factor molecule and belong to the fragment T4 obtained on limited trypsinolysis of the G-factor have been separated and their structure has been studied. As a result amino acid sequence has been determined by tryptic peptides containing 322 amino acid residues of the fragment T4 which makes up about 94% of its polypeptide chain.