[Changes of the EEG capacity observed in certain pathologies of the central nervous system and in pain]. / Izmeneniia spektrov moshchnosti élektroéntsefalogrammy pri nekotorykh vidakh patologii TsNS i pri boli.

Published data on changing spectra of electroencephalograms (EEG), as observed in different pathological hypoxic conditions (hypoxia, ischemia of the brain, aging) were analyzed; changing EEG spectra were experimentally studied in pain. The EEG changes were found to be identical in all cases. At the very beginning of a pathological factor onset, there was an increasing dominating peak of the EEG spectrum (or, the beta2-frequency range was going up--stage I). Then, the spectral distribution began to shift gradually to the low-frequency region: the frequency-predominant rhythm was slowing down; the slow-wave region was increasing and the fast-wave EEG part (II, III) was decreasing. Affections in pain fit the limits of I and II and, sometimes, III stages. In hypoxia and ischemia, a new stage of changes (IV) developed later: there emerged, in EEG, a peculiar high-amplitude rhythmic "burst-type" activity, which preconditioned a specific pattern of the EEG spectrum (the discussed stage is hard to detect in aging). The above stage is critical for the body. The total EEG capacity sharply dropped after its onset in hypoxia, ischemia and aging and the bioelectric activity was made up only of scanty slow waves (V). The described changing EEG spectra develop at an increasing total spectrum capacity (hypoxia), at capacity decrease (ischemia and aging) or it does not change altogether (pain). The homogeneous changes of EEG spectra in the above pathophysiological conditions make it possible to conclude that they denote a gradual progression of a change in brain functioning. It was suggested that such change is related with a slowing general velocity in brain functioning.

[Neurophysiological analysis of the effects of antihypoxic versus psychotropic agents]. / Neirofiziologicheskii analiz deistviia antigipoksantov v sravnenii s psikhotropnymi sredstvami.

The Fourie EEG spectral analysis of thr sensomotor cortex and dorsal hypocampus in freely moving rats could reveal the common pharmacological EEG effects of different antihypoxic agents (gutimin, amtizole, emoxipine, and 3-OPK). All the agents decreased the total EEG power (they all reduced the absolute power in all frequency bands) and simultaneously enhanced (2 relative power. The former suggests that there was a decrease in the energetic level of bioelectric fluctuations, which may indicate that the brain reduces its energetic functioning level. The latter means that antihypoxic drugs activate the central nervous system. This effect may normalize EEG activity during hypoxic conditions, which causes the enhancement of slow-wave activity and reduces fast EEG activity. The pharmacological EEG effects of different groups of psychotropic drugs (nootropic drugs, psychostimulants, antidepressants, benzodiazepine tranquilizers, etc.) versus antihypoxants are discussed.

[Comparative quantitative pharmacological-EEG analysis of the effects of psychostimulants]. / Sravnitel'nyi kolichestvennyi farmako-EEG-analiz deistviia psikhostimuliruiushchikh sredstv.

Amphetamine, caffeine, sydnocarb, meclofenoxate, adapromine, midantan, and nomifensine were studied for their effects on bioelectrical activity and Fourier EEG power spectra of the sensomotor cortex, dorsal hippocamp and lateral hypothalamus of freely behaving awake rats. The drop in the absolute power of all frequency ranges with the enhanced power of fast beta 1,2-ranges was common to the action of psychostimulants. In addition to the common properties, specific features of their action were revealed. Amphetamine, meclofenoxate, and nomifensine were found to increase the amplitude of the dominant peak in the theta-range and amphetamine shifts the frequency of the dominant peak to the region of faster ranges. The agents-induced electrophysiological changes correspond to the varying degrees of activation of the central nervous system, causing the optimization of behavioral functions, abolition of fatigue and drowsiness and enhancing physical and mental working capacity.

[A quantitative pharmaco-electroencephalographic analysis of the action of bromantane]. / Kolichestvennyi farmako-élektroéntsefalograficheskii analiz deistviia bromantana.

The action of the new stimulant bromantane on spectra power EEG on Fourier of sensorimotor cortex, dorsal hippocamp and lateral hypothalamus of left and right hemispheres of brain of rat in free behavior was investigated. Bromantane leads to decreases in the total and absolute powers of all frequency bands of EEG spectra, changes structural spectra in the cortex and in hippocamp--decreases the relative power of theta-band and increases the relative power of beta 1, 2-activity. The basic feature of bromantane's action is a two-phase effect (its maximum occurs 2-3 and 6-7 hours after administration), which remains up to 8 h of EEG recording. These data suggest that that bromantane has more marked and prolonged stimulant properties than other adamantane psychostimulants.

[The effect of preparations with nootropic action when used long-term on the brain bioelectrical activity in rats]. / Vliianie preparatov s nootropnoi aktivnost'iu pri ikh dlitel'nom primenenii na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga krys.

The impact of prolonged injection of piracetam (2 months), meclophenoxate (5 months), and mexidole (5 months) on the bioelectrical activity of the sensomotor cortex and dorsal hippocamp was studied in rats who behaved freely. The injects increased and stabilized the predominant peak of EEC spectra power by the Fourier method. Discontinuation (24 hours) of piracetam failed to impair EEG spectra and bioelectrical activity. Increasing the basic effects of nootropic drugs given chronically versus acutely suggests that chronic injection enhanced their action. The drugs under study elevated the level of wakefulness and excitability of the animals, which is likely to underlie the neurophysiological mechanisms responsible for behaviour optimization under the influence of these agents.

[A spectral analysis of the effect of sidnocarb on the bioelectrical activity of the rat brain]. / Spektral'nyi analiz vliianiia sidnokarba na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga krys.

A quantitative pharmaco-EEG analysis of the action of psychostimulant drug sydnocarb and its solvent polyethylenglycol-400 on bioelectrical activity of sensomotor cortex, dorsal hippocamp and lateral hypothalamus of wakeful rats in free behavior was carried out. Polyethylenglycol-400 proved to affect CNS, as it decreases slow-wave activity and causes displacement of the dominant peak to the region of more slow-wave frequencies, shows anticonvulsant action. Sydnocarb reduces absolute power of all frequency ranges and increases relative power of fast activity. It is concluded that sydnocarb increases in optimal limits the level of CNS vigilance which may underlie a psychostimulant action of the drug eventuating into optimization of behavioral functions, increasing physical and mental capacity for work.

[Spectral analysis of the effects of nomifensine on bioelectric activity of the rat brain]. / Spektral'nyi analiz vliianiia nomifenzina na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga krys.

The influence of nomifensine on bioelectrical activity of sensorimotor cortex, dorsal hippocamp and lateral hypothalamus in conscious rats in free behavior was studied. The pharmacological and EEG analysis of nomifensine action on EEG power spectra by Fourier technique was measured. It was established that nomifensine evoked an increase and stabilization of the dominant peak in EEG spectra in the left and right cortex and in the left hippocamp, while in the other ranges of frequency a decrease was observed. The effects on hypothalamus was opposite--EEG power spectra decreased in all the ranges. The authors conclude that nomifensine evokes higher level of wakefulness, vigilance of the animals. This is likely to underlie neurophysiological mechanisms of optimal behavior due to stimulants of CNS, including nomifensine.

[Effects of tranquilizing agents on bioelectrical activity of the rat brain]. / Vliianie trankviliziruiushchikh sredstv na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga krys.

The action of diazepam, meprobamate, trioxazine and mexidol on bioelectrical activity of sensorimotor cortex and dorsal hippocamp of the left and right hemisphere of the brain in conscious rat in free behavior has been studied. All the drugs produced a decline in the frequency of the dominant peak of EEG power spectra. Diazepam and meprobamate increased beta-activity. It is concluded that the decreased frequency may be due to an anxiolytic effect of the tranquilizers, whereas high beta-activity is related to muscle relaxant effect of some drugs.

[A spectral analysis of the effect of adapromine on brain bioelectrical activity]. / Spektral'nyi analiz vliianiia adapromina na bioélektricheskuiu aktivnost' mozga.

A study was made of the influence of adapromine on bioelectrical activity of the brain, sensorimotor cortex, dorsal hippocamp and lateral hypothalamus in freely moving wakeful rats. Adapromine was established to evoke a decrease of the amplitude of the dominant peak and dominant theta-activity in power spectra of the EEG in the cortex and hippocamp, with an increase of rapid wave activity in the beta 2 range in the right cortex and hippocamp. These changes attained maximum after 1 to 1.5 hour and lasted up to 4-5 hours after adapromine administration. These changes can be viewed as activation of the cortex and hippocamp, which may attest to the presence of antidepressive and psychostimulant effects in the action spectrum of adapromine. The specific influence of adapromine on catecholaminergic processes of the brain may lie at the basis of the above effects.

[The nooglutil correction of functional disorders of the central nervous system caused by prenatal alcoholization in rats]. / Korrektsiia noogliutilom narushenii funktsii tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy, vyzvannykh prenatal'noi alkogolizatsiei u krys.

Administration of ethanol (5 g/kg/day, per os) to the pregnant rats evoked delayed impairments of the learning and memory in the offspring. Prenatal alcoholization of the animals attenuated the habituation of the exploration behavior in open field, impaired acquisition and retention of active avoidance in a shuttle box, increased slow activity of the EEG spectrum power, disturbed the function of the serotoninergic system in the brain cortex and of the dopaminergic system in the hippocamp. The new nootropic drug nooglutyl (N-5/hydroxynicotinoyl/-L-glutamic acid) administered in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day from the 8th to the 20th day of life prevented the above-mentioned delayed disturbances of higher integrative functions and biochemical processes in rat brain.

[An electrophysiological study of the brain of rats with different resistances to oxygen deficiency in acute hypoxia]. / Elektrofiziologicheskoe issledovanie mozga krys s raznoi ustoichivost'iu k kislorodnoi nedostatochnosti v usloviiakh ostroi gipoksii.

The Fourier spectre of power (SP) and bioelectrical activity of the cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus were studied in unrestrained rats with high (HR) and low (LR) resistance to oxygen deficiency before and after their stay at the "altitude" of about 11,000 m. After acute hypobaric hypoxia there were the EEG changes in LR rats: displacement of the SP peak in low-frequency activity and decreasing of absolute power of all the ranges of SP. In one hour after the "altitude", these EEG parameters were restored. The EEG of the HR rats was not altered. The cortex of the brain seems to be the most susceptible to hypoxia.

[L-pyroglutamyl-D-alanine amide normalizes the function of the developing brain damaged by antenatal alcoholization in rats]. / Normalizatsiia amido L-piroglutamil-D-alanina funktsii razvivaiushchegosia mozga, narushennykh antenatal'noi alkogolizatsiei krys.

The effects of the synthetic dipeptide, L-pyroglutamyl-D-alaninamide (LPDA) were studied in the experiments on offspring of alcoholized during the pregnancy (5 g/kg/day) females. This dipeptide, which revealed the nootropic activity in previous experiments, was injected to the pups in dose of 1 mg/kg from 8 to 19 days of life. LPDA was shown to prevent the delayed disturbances of learning in passive avoidance test, of extrapolatory behaviour in escape test, to attenuate the emotional hyperreactivity. LPDA normalized EEG power spectrum, decreased interhemispheric asymmetry. This substance attenuated the disbalance evoked by prenatal alcoholization.

[Pharmacokinetic, behavioral and neurophysiological aspects of the action of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine in rats]. / Farmakokineticheskie, povedencheskie i neirofiziologicheskie aspekty deistviia 2-étil-6-metil-3-oksipiridina u krys.

Specific features of 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine (3-OP) action were investigated in white rats. A correlation has been established between pharmacokinetic parameters and basic manifestations of psychotropic 3-OP effect. Correlations have been also observed between the level of manifestation of anxiolytic effect and changes in 3-OP concentrations in the rat brain. Electroencephalographic findings of the nootropic effect in sensorimotor cortex correlate with 3-OP brain concentrations. The authors describe specific drug pharmacokinetics and possible mechanisms of realization of psychotropic effects.