Transient distal renal tubular acidosis with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus after general anaesthesia in a dog.

A 3-year-old, 3.5 kg, female spayed Pomeranian was referred due to persistent vomiting, anorexia, polyuria and polydipsia, 7 days after receiving general anaesthetic for a medial patellar luxation correction. Physical examination revealed lethargy, tachypnoea and 7% dehydration. Complete blood count and serum chemistry results were unremarkable, and venous blood gas analysis revealed hypokalaemia and hyperchloraemic metabolic acidosis with a normal anion gap. Urinalysis revealed a urine specific gravity (USG) of 1.005, pH of 7.0 and proteinuria, and the bacterial culture was negative. Based on these results, the dog was diagnosed with distal renal tubular acidosis, and potassium citrate was prescribed to correct metabolic acidosis. In addition, concurrent diabetes insipidus (DI) was suspected because the dog showed persistent polyuria, polydipsia and a USG below 1.006 despite dehydration. After 3 days of initial treatment, acidosis was corrected, and vomiting resolved. Desmopressin acetate and hydrochlorothiazide were also prescribed for DI, but the USG was not normalized. Based on the insignificant therapeutic response, nephrogenic DI was highly suspected. DI was resolved after 24 days. This case report describes the concomitant presence of RTA and DI in a dog after general anaesthesia.

Severity of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs may be predicted using neutrophil-to-lymphocyte and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). ANIMALS: 106 dogs with MMVD and 22 healthy dogs were included in the study. PROCEDURES: CBC data were obtained retrospectively, and NLR, MLR, and PLR were compared between dogs with MMVD and healthy dogs. The ratios were also analyzed according to MMVD severity. RESULTS: NLR and MLR were significantly higher in dogs with MMVD C and D (NLR of 4.99 [3.69-7.27]; MLR of 0.56 [0.36-0.74]) than in healthy dogs (NLR: 3.05 [1.82-3.37], P < .001; MLR: 0.21 [0.14-0.32], P < .001), MMVD stage B1 (NLR: 3.15 [2.15-3.86], P < .001; MLR: 0.26 [0.20-0.36], P < .001), and MMVD stage B2 dogs (NLR: 3.22 [2.45-3.85], P < .001; MLR: 0.30 [0.19-0.37], P < .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of the NLR and MLR to distinguish dogs with MMVD C and D from those with MMVD B were 0.84 and 0.89, respectively. The optimal cutoff value for NLR was 4.296 (sensitivity, 68%; specificity, 83.95%), and the MLR value was 0.322 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 66.67%). NLR and MLR were significantly decreased after treatment in dogs with congestive heart failure (CHF). CLINICAL RELEVANCE: NLR and MLR can be used as adjunctive indicators of CHF in dogs.

Evaluation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake of beagle dogs for different durations of isoflurane anesthesia.

18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) is used for tumor evaluation. In veterinary medicine, anesthesia is an essential tool during the PET scanning process. However, the changes in FDG uptake in dogs that have undergone anesthesia for a longer duration have not been studied. This study aimed to analyze the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on FDG uptake in dogs undergoing PET. A crossover design was implemented by exposing 3 groups of 6 dogs to different durations of anesthesia (60, 90, and 150 minutes). Inhalation anesthesia was maintained throughout the scanning process (30 minutes) and FDG was injected 1 hour before the start of the PET scan. The standard uptake value of FDG was obtained for the 7 gross structures (whole brain, lung, salivary gland, liver, spleen, mediastinal blood pool, and kidney cortex) as well as for the 7 intracranial structures (frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, cerebellum, brain stem, and caudal colliculus). The whole brain and intracranial structures showed significantly lower FDG uptake in dogs with a longer duration of anesthesia, whereas other gross structures did not. Our results suggest that the duration of anesthesia should be considered when evaluating the uptake of FDG by the brain.

La tomographie par émission de positrons (PET) au 18F-fluorodésoxyglucose (FDG) est utilisée pour l'évaluation des tumeurs. En médecine vétérinaire, l'anesthésie est un outil essentiel lors du processus de PET. Cependant, les modifications de l'absorption du FDG chez les chiens ayant subi une anesthésie de plus longue durée n'ont pas été étudiées. Cette étude visait à analyser l'influence de l'anesthésie à l'isoflurane sur l'absorption du FDG chez les chiens subissant une PET. Un modèle croisé a été mis en oeuvre en exposant trois groupes de six chiens à différentes durées d'anesthésie (60, 90 et 150 minutes). L'anesthésie par inhalation a été maintenue tout au long du processus de numérisation (30 minutes) et le FDG a été injecté 1 heure avant le début de la PET. La valeur d'absorption standard du FDG a été obtenue pour les sept structures macroscopiques (cerveau entier, poumon, glande salivaire, foie, rate, pool sanguin médiastinal et cortex rénal) ainsi que pour les sept structures intracrâniennes (frontale, pariétale, temporale et lobes occipitaux, cervelet, tronc cérébral et colliculus caudal). L'ensemble du cerveau et les structures intracrâniennes ont montré une absorption de FDG significativement plus faible chez les chiens avec une durée d'anesthésie plus longue, contrairement aux autres structures. Nos résultats suggèrent que la durée de l'anesthésie doit être prise en compte lors de l'évaluation de la captation du FDG par le cerveau.(Traduit par Docteur Serge Messier).

Evaluation of a dog with inflammatory mammary carcinoma using 18 F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography.

Inflammatory mammary carcinoma is known to be aggressive, which makes thorough evaluation of the severity of tumour infiltration and metastasis important in determining a recommended treatment course. This case report describes the use of 18 F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for evaluating the invasiveness and metastasis of inflammatory mammary carcinoma in a dog.