[Analysis of food and energy value of the menu of some municipal pre-school educational institutions of the Kaliningrad Region].

Evaluation of nutrition allows one to foresee the possibility of occurrence of various developmental disorders of children, including diseases associated with the metabolic syndrome. At an early age, not only eating habits are laid, but the foundation for future physical and mental health is created. Lack of attention to compliance with the physiological norms of nutrition can lead to significant economic losses upon the transition of this generation to the status of the economically active population. Aim - an analysis of children's diets in municipal pre-school educational institutions (kindergarten) in Kaliningrad. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We investigated the nutrition of children aged 4-7 years based on a 10-day menu of three full-time kindergarten in Kaliningrad. The actual consumption of meals by the weight method of 9 groups of children (an average of 30 people) was also determined. The content of nutrients was assessed for compliance with the physiological requirements. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: By assessing the array of data on the nutritional value of the diet presented, the main marker indicators of diet compliance with physiological needs were determined, such as animal protein content, PUFA level, the ratio of mineral substances: sodium and potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus. The protein content in the diet exceeded the physiological need by 10-14%, while the plant protein prevailed. There was a slight deficit of polyunsaturated fatty acids due to inadequate consumption of fish; carbohydrate intake was within normal limits. The sodium content in the rations significantly exceeded norm (on average, 1800 mg per day), due to the frequent inclusion of dishes with components with high salinity and hidden salt. Despite the inclusion of cottage cheese in the ration, the average calcium content was 18% lower than the recommended level. Vitamin A consumption was about 50% of the physiological norm. It was established, in general, that the studied menu were brought into compliance with the physiological norms. CONCLUSION: It is recommended to provide a variety of menus by introducing animal protein into the rations through the use of fermented dairy products and fish dishes. It is recommended to use local species of aquatic biological resources in order to reduce the price load in the formation of the menu. Suggestions for improving the menu allowing to significantly reduce sodium consumption by changing the formulations of some salads except for the use of salted and pickled vegetables are justified.

[AWAKE CRANIOTOMY: IN SEARCH FOR OPTIMAL SEDATION].

Awake craniotomy is a "gold standard"for intraoperative brain language mapping. One of the main anesthetic challenge of awake craniotomy is providing of optimal sedation for initial stages of intervention. The goal of this study was comparison of different technics of anesthesia for awake craniotomy. Materials and methods: 162 operations were divided in 4 groups: 76 cases with propofol sedation (2-4mg/kg/h) without airway protection; 11 cases with propofol sedation (4-5 mg/kg/h) with MV via LMA; 36 cases of xenon anesthesia; and 39 cases with dexmedetomidine sedation without airway protection. Results and discussion: brain language mapping was successful in 90% of cases. There was no difference between groups in successfulness of brain mapping. However in the first group respiratory complications were more frequent. Three other technics were more safer Xenon anesthesia was associated with ultrafast awakening for mapping (5±1 min). Dexmedetomidine sedation provided high hemodynamic and respiratory stability during the procedure.

[The comparative evalution of informativeness of immunologic and molecular genetic methods and means during stages of specific indication of melioidosis agent].

The reference-center of monitoring of agents of glanders and melioidosis carried out testing of reagents kits for diagnostic of agent of melioidosis and other close-related species of Burkholderiae in vitro. At the stage of specific identification of pathogenic Burkholderiae the diagnostic possibilities of commercial and experimental kits of reagents for express- and rapid analysis were evaluated. The criteria of evaluation of diagnostic value of kits of reagents were sensitivity, specificity and time of implementation of studies. The analysis with application of mono- and multi-locus amplification systems, including real-time polymerase chain reaction permitted during 5-6 hours to implement identification and differentiation of Burkholderia pseufomallei, B. thailandensis and B. cepacia.

[Comparative characteristic of Burkholderiae pseudomallei group].

AIM: Comparative characteristic of diagnostic value of main cultural-biological characteristics of Burkholderiae pseudomallei group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 59 strains of B. pseudomallei, 14 --B. mallei and 5--B. thailandensis were used in the study. Biochemical characteristics were studied by generally accepted methods, antigenic properties were evaluated in agglutination reaction and immunoelectrophoresis, virulence was determined by Dlm for laboratory animals, antibiotic sensitivity was verified by disc-diffusion method. RESULTS: Passaging of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei in mice results in increase of virulence, preservation of initial sensitivity to antibiotics, contraction of precipitogen specter. During therapy of experimental melioidosis in guinea pigs resistance to chemopreparations of various groups is formed. Varying degree of virulence and sensitivity to antibiotics of various B. thailandensis strains was established. Dependence of sensitivity on in vitro cultivation was not detected. CONCLUSION: Stability of diagnostically significant tests used for identification of Burkholderiae pseudomallei group was established. Relevance of attribute set expansion that facilitates their differentiation is justified.

[Experimental study on chemotherapy of acute glanders].

Glanders is a zoonotic infection inducing acute forms of the disease (pneumonia, sepsis) in humans and animals under certain conditions, which even with the use of modern chemotherapy have unfavourable prognosis. Insufficient of efficacy of antibiotics with in vitro low MIC for planktonic bacterial suspension of Burkholderia mallei in chemotherapy of acute forms of glanders was due to the capacity of the pathogen for intracellular survival and formation of biofilms. Under such conditions the susceptibility of B. mallei to antibiotics lowered by several orders of magnitude. Chemotherapy of the glanders acute forms in animals usually provided only an increase of the lifespan, while among the survivors there was recorded a high relapse rate. More favourable outcomes were observed with the use of in vitro effective antibiotics in the form of clathrate compounds or especially liposomal forms. In the experiments with golden hamsters the survival rate reached 100% in 1000 Dlm infection even with the treatment onset by meropenem liposomal form 48 hours after the infection. Chemotherapeutics in the liposomal form significantly lowered resistance of B. mallei in both the experiments with a suspension of planktonic organisms and the use of bacteria interned in eukaryotic cells (Tetrahymena pyriformis).